2017-07-10 Grammar: modals overview & social

Greg Malivuk
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http://www.pastebin.com/u/gmalivuk - notes from all classes
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p. 65 - Which of these are reasons why you might leave your native country, and which are difficulties you might have with your new country? Then add some of your own ideas.
Additional reasons: Some people are looking for better healthcare. People want more safety. People are escaping from war and conflicts. Some people are looking for new work opportunities. Other people want to study.
Additional difficulties: People have to adapt to different food. People have to adopt new customs. People have to stay separated from their loved ones. People have difficulties with making local friends. People can be victims of prejudice and racism.
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modal verbs:
- “true” modals don’t change form for tense or for subject (he/she/it), they may have one or two words: can, could, may, might, will, would, shall, should, must, had better, ought to
	(True modals must be the first verb in an expression, and are always followed by the base verb.)
- similar expressions have the same meanings as some modals, but follow normal verb rules: have (got) to, be able to, be going to, be supposed to, be allowed to
	(Similar expressions can be combined with modals or other expressions.)
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p. 67 exercise 1 - Correct the mistakes in these sentences with modals and similar expressions. (Look at the charts on p. 66 and 67 for information about affirmative, negative, and question forms.)
1 Victor doesn’t have to do his homework.
2 Is Victor able to speak Spanish at home?
3 Can Victor speak Spanish? Yes, he can. (or: Yes, he can speak Spanish.)
4 Where is he allowed to speak Spanish?
5 Why can’t he speak Spanish at school?
6 Should Victor speak Spanish at school?
7 Should Victor speak English at school? / Does Victor have to speak English at school?
8 Did Victor use to speak Spanish?
9 Is Victor allowed to speak Spanish in school? No, he isn’t (allowed).
10 Why should he speak English in school? Why shouldn’t he speak Spanish?
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negative statements: subject + first helping verb + not + other verbs
questions: first helping verb + subject + other verbs
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Homework: review the social functions of modals on p. 68-70, then categorize the sentences on p. 71 and write your own example for each function