Доп. из 13. Миллиардеры.

#include "stdafx.h"
#include <string>
#include <set>
#include <map>
#include <unordered_map>
#include <iostream>
#include <functional>
#include <algorithm>

const int maxn = 10000, maxm = 50000, maxk = 50000;

struct City
{
    long long money;
    int days;
    std::string name;
} cities[maxn + maxk];

struct Person
{
    std::string name;
    long long money;
    City* location;
} persons[maxn];

std::unordered_map<std::string, Person*> personMap;
std::map<std::string, City*> cityMap;
std::set<std::pair<long long, City*>, std::greater<>> scoreBoard;

int main()
{
    std::ios::sync_with_stdio(false);
    int n, m, k, c = 0;
    std::cin >> n;
    for (int i = 0; i < n; i++)
    {
        std::string name, location; long long money;
        std::cin >> name >> location >> money;
        personMap[name] = &persons[i];
        if (!cityMap[location])
            cityMap[location] = &cities[c++];
        persons[i].location = cityMap[location];
        persons[i].money = money;
        cityMap[location]->name = location;
        cityMap[location]->money += money;
    }
    for (auto c : cityMap)
        scoreBoard.insert({ c.second->money, c.second });
    std::cin >> m >> k;
    int prevday = 0, day;
    std::string name, place;
    while (true)
    {
        bool finished = (!(std::cin >> day >> name >> place));
        if (finished)
            day = m;
        if (day != prevday)
        {
            auto it2 = scoreBoard.begin();
            auto it = it2++;
            if (it2 == scoreBoard.end() || it->first > it2->first)
                it->second->days += day - prevday;
        }
        if (finished)
            break;
        if (!cityMap[place])
        {
            cityMap[place] = &cities[c++];
            cityMap[place]->name = place;
        }
        auto nextplace = cityMap[place];
        auto person = personMap[name];
        auto prevplace = person->location;
        auto prevmoney = prevplace->money;
        scoreBoard.erase({ prevmoney, prevplace });
        prevplace->money -= person->money;
        scoreBoard.insert({ prevplace->money, prevplace });
        scoreBoard.erase({ nextplace->money, nextplace });
        nextplace->money += person->money;
        scoreBoard.insert({ nextplace->money, nextplace });
        person->location = nextplace;
        prevday = day;
    }
    std::vector<std::pair<std::string, int>> output;
    for (auto& r : scoreBoard)
    if (r.second->days)
        output.push_back(std::make_pair(r.second->name, r.second->days));
    std::sort(output.begin(), output.end());
    for (auto& o : output)
        std::cout << o.first << " " << o.second << "\n";
}