{
    "_type": "article",
    "_source": {
        "title": "Article 1",
        "locations": [
            {
                "address": "ES headquarter",
                "city": "Berlin"
            }
        ]
    }
}

{
  "query": {
    "filtered": {
      "query": {
        "match_all": {}
      },
      "filter": [
        {
          "type": {
            "value": "article"
          }
        },
        {
          "bool": {
            "must_not": {
              "missing": {
                "field": "location",
                "existence": true,
                "null_value": true
              }
            }
          }
        }
      ]
    }
  }
}

"must_not": {
  "missing": {
    "field": "locations.address"
  }
}

"must_not": {
  "script": {
    "script": "_source.locations.size() > 0"
  }
}

{
  "query":{
    "bool":{
      "must_not":[
        {
          "exists":{
            "field":"tags"
          }
        }
      ]
    }
  }
}