IceCube Neutrino Observatory

https://arxiv.org/pdf/1809.09615.pdf
The ANITA Anomalous Events as Signatures of a Beyond Standard Model Particle,
and Supporting Observations from IceCube
Derek B. Fox,1, 2, 3 Steinn Sigurdsson,1, 3 Sarah Shandera,4, 5, 2 Peter
M´esz´aros,1, 4, 2, 3 Kohta Murase,4, 1, 3 Miguel Mostaf´a,4, 1, 3 and Stephane Coutu4, 1, 3
1Department of Astronomy & Astrophysics, 525 Davey Lab,
Penn State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA∗
2Center for Theoretical and Observational Cosmology,
Institute for Gravitation and the Cosmos, 104 Davey Lab,
Penn State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
3Center for Particle and Gravitational Astrophysics,
Institute for Gravitation and the Cosmos, 104 Davey Lab,
Penn State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
4Department of Physics, 104 Davey Lab, Penn State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA†
5Center for Fundamental Theory, Institute for Gravitation and the Cosmos,
104 Davey Lab, Penn State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
(Dated: September 26, 2018)
The ANITA collaboration have reported observation of two anomalous events that appear to be εcr ≈ 0.6 EeV cosmic ray showers emerging from the Earth with exit angles of 27◦ and 35◦, respectively. While EeV-scale upgoing showers have been anticipated as a result of astrophysical tau neutrinos converting to tau leptons during Earth passage, the observed exit angles are much steeper than expected in Standard Model (SM) scenarios. Indeed, under conservative extrapolations of the SM interactions, there is no particle that can propagate through the Earth with probability p > 10−6 at these energies and exit angles. We explore here whether “beyond the Standard Model” (BSM) particles are required to explain the ANITA events, if correctly interpreted, and conclude that they are. Seeking confirmation or refutation of the physical phenomenon of sub-EeV Earth-emergent cosmic rays in data from other facilities, we find support for the reality of the ANITA events, and three candidate analog events, among the Extremely High Energy Northern Track neutrinos of the IceCube Neutrino Observatory. Properties of the implied BSM particle are anticipated, at least
in part, by those predicted for the “stau” slepton (˜τR) in some supersymmetric models of the fundamental interactions, wherein the stau manifests as the next-to-lowest mass supersymmetric partner particle.



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https://youtu.be/LGkyX3U9h04
Neutrino Detector under Antarctica

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IceCube_Neutrino_Observatory
IceCube Neutrino Observatory
The IceCube Neutrino Observatory (or simply IceCube) is a neutrino observatory constructed at the Amundsen–Scott South Pole Station in Antarctica.[1] Its thousands of sensors are distributed over a cubic kilometre of volume under the Antarctic ice. Similar to its predecessor, the Antarctic Muon And Neutrino Detector Array (AMANDA), IceCube consists of spherical optical sensors called Digital Optical Modules (DOMs), each with a photomultiplier tube (PMT)[2] and a single board data acquisition computer which sends digital data to the counting house on the surface above the array.[3] IceCube was completed on 18 December 2010.[4]

DOMs are deployed on strings of 60 modules each at depths between 1,450 to 2,450 meters, into holes melted in the ice using a hot water drill. IceCube is designed to look for point sources of neutrinos in the TeV range to explore the highest-energy astrophysical processes.

In November 2013 it was announced that IceCube had detected 28 neutrinos that likely originated outside the Solar System.[