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  1. Year Value Variable Class Source Subsource
  2. 1935 2.75 Mortality (%) Penal System, OURZ Демографическая модернизация России: 1900-2000. Под редакцией Анатолия Вишневского, 2006 Table 19.5
  3. 1936 2.11 Mortality (%) Penal System, OURZ Демографическая модернизация России: 1900-2000. Под редакцией Анатолия Вишневского, 2006 Table 19.5
  4. 1937 2.42 Mortality (%) Penal System, OURZ Демографическая модернизация России: 1900-2000. Под редакцией Анатолия Вишневского, 2006 Table 19.5
  5. 1938 5.35 Mortality (%) Penal System, OURZ Демографическая модернизация России: 1900-2000. Под редакцией Анатолия Вишневского, 2006 Table 19.5
  6. 1939 3.89 Mortality (%) Penal System, Calculation Демографическая модернизация России: 1900-2000. Под редакцией Анатолия Вишневского, 2006 Table 19.5
  7. 1940 2.67 Mortality (%) Penal System, Calculation Демографическая модернизация России: 1900-2000. Под редакцией Анатолия Вишневского, 2006 Table 19.5
  8. 1941 5.53 Mortality (%) Penal System, Calculation Демографическая модернизация России: 1900-2000. Под редакцией Анатолия Вишневского, 2006 Table 19.5
  9. 1942 20.30 Mortality (%) Penal System, Calculation Демографическая модернизация России: 1900-2000. Под редакцией Анатолия Вишневского, 2006 Table 19.5
  10. 1943 18.91 Mortality (%) Penal System, Calculation Демографическая модернизация России: 1900-2000. Под редакцией Анатолия Вишневского, 2006 Table 19.5
  11. 1944 8.00 Mortality (%) Penal System, Calculation Демографическая модернизация России: 1900-2000. Под редакцией Анатолия Вишневского, 2006 Table 19.5
  12. 1946 1.67 Mortality (%) Penal System, Calculation Демографическая модернизация России: 1900-2000. Под редакцией Анатолия Вишневского, 2006 Table 19.5
  13. 1947 3.19 Mortality (%) Penal System, Calculation Демографическая модернизация России: 1900-2000. Под редакцией Анатолия Вишневского, 2006 Table 19.5
  14. 1948 2.07 Mortality (%) Penal System, Calculation Демографическая модернизация России: 1900-2000. Под редакцией Анатолия Вишневского, 2006 Table 19.5
  15. 1949 1.13 Mortality (%) Penal System, Calculation Демографическая модернизация России: 1900-2000. Под редакцией Анатолия Вишневского, 2006 Table 19.5
  16. 1950 0.92 Mortality (%) Penal System, Calculation Демографическая модернизация России: 1900-2000. Под редакцией Анатолия Вишневского, 2006 Table 19.5
  17. 1951 0.85 Mortality (%) Penal System, Calculation Демографическая модернизация России: 1900-2000. Под редакцией Анатолия Вишневского, 2006 Table 19.5
  18. 1952 0.78 Mortality (%) Penal System, Calculation Демографическая модернизация России: 1900-2000. Под редакцией Анатолия Вишневского, 2006 Table 19.5
  19. 1953 0.47 Mortality (%) Penal System, Calculation Демографическая модернизация России: 1900-2000. Под редакцией Анатолия Вишневского, 2006 Table 19.5
  20. 1954 0.63 Mortality (%) Penal System, Calculation Демографическая модернизация России: 1900-2000. Под редакцией Анатолия Вишневского, 2006 Table 19.5
  21. 1954 0.46 Mortality (%) Penal System, Calculation Демографическая модернизация России: 1900-2000. Под редакцией Анатолия Вишневского, 2006 Table 19.5
  22. 1954 0.34 Mortality (%) Penal System, Calculation Демографическая модернизация России: 1900-2000. Под редакцией Анатолия Вишневского, 2006 Table 19.5
  23. 1930 4.08 Mortality (%) Camps, Calculation Демографическая модернизация России: 1900-2000. Под редакцией Анатолия Вишневского, 2006 Table 19.5
  24. 1931 3.03 Mortality (%) Camps, Calculation Демографическая модернизация России: 1900-2000. Под редакцией Анатолия Вишневского, 2006 Table 19.5
  25. 1932 4.38 Mortality (%) Camps, Calculation Демографическая модернизация России: 1900-2000. Под редакцией Анатолия Вишневского, 2006 Table 19.5
  26. 1933 15.94 Mortality (%) Camps, Calculation Демографическая модернизация России: 1900-2000. Под редакцией Анатолия Вишневского, 2006 Table 19.5
  27. 1934 4.26 Mortality (%) Camps, Calculation Демографическая модернизация России: 1900-2000. Под редакцией Анатолия Вишневского, 2006 Table 19.5
  28. 1935 3.62 Mortality (%) Camps, Calculation Демографическая модернизация России: 1900-2000. Под редакцией Анатолия Вишневского, 2006 Table 19.5
  29. 1936 2.48 Mortality (%) Camps, Calculation Демографическая модернизация России: 1900-2000. Под редакцией Анатолия Вишневского, 2006 Table 19.5
  30. 1937 2.79 Mortality (%) Camps, Calculation Демографическая модернизация России: 1900-2000. Под редакцией Анатолия Вишневского, 2006 Table 19.5
  31. 1938 7.83 Mortality (%) Camps, Calculation Демографическая модернизация России: 1900-2000. Под редакцией Анатолия Вишневского, 2006 Table 19.5
  32. 1939 3.79 Mortality (%) Camps, Calculation Демографическая модернизация России: 1900-2000. Под редакцией Анатолия Вишневского, 2006 Table 19.5
  33. 1940 3.28 Mortality (%) Camps, Calculation Демографическая модернизация России: 1900-2000. Под редакцией Анатолия Вишневского, 2006 Table 19.5
  34. 1941 6.93 Mortality (%) Camps, Calculation Демографическая модернизация России: 1900-2000. Под редакцией Анатолия Вишневского, 2006 Table 19.5
  35. 1942 20.74 Mortality (%) Camps, Calculation Демографическая модернизация России: 1900-2000. Под редакцией Анатолия Вишневского, 2006 Table 19.5
  36. 1943 20.27 Mortality (%) Camps, Calculation Демографическая модернизация России: 1900-2000. Под редакцией Анатолия Вишневского, 2006 Table 19.5
  37. 1944 8.84 Mortality (%) Camps, Calculation Демографическая модернизация России: 1900-2000. Под редакцией Анатолия Вишневского, 2006 Table 19.5
  38. 1945 6.00 Mortality (%) Camps, Calculation Демографическая модернизация России: 1900-2000. Под редакцией Анатолия Вишневского, 2006 Table 19.5
  39. 1946 2.33 Mortality (%) Camps, Calculation Демографическая модернизация России: 1900-2000. Под редакцией Анатолия Вишневского, 2006 Table 19.5
  40. 1947 3.72 Mortality (%) Camps, Calculation Демографическая модернизация России: 1900-2000. Под редакцией Анатолия Вишневского, 2006 Table 19.5
  41. 1885 34.8 Crude death rate per 1000 All prisoners, Calculation Wheatcroft S.G. (2002) The Crisis of the Late Tsarist Penal System. In: Wheatcroft S.G. (eds) Challenging Traditional Views of Russian History. Studies in Russian and East European History and Society. Palgrave Macmillan, London. https://doi.org/10.1057/9780230506114_2 Table 2.8
  42. 1886 38.8 Crude death rate per 1000 All prisoners, Calculation Wheatcroft S.G. (2002) The Crisis of the Late Tsarist Penal System. In: Wheatcroft S.G. (eds) Challenging Traditional Views of Russian History. Studies in Russian and East European History and Society. Palgrave Macmillan, London. https://doi.org/10.1057/9780230506114_2 Table 2.8
  43. 1887 32.2 Crude death rate per 1000 All prisoners, Calculation Wheatcroft S.G. (2002) The Crisis of the Late Tsarist Penal System. In: Wheatcroft S.G. (eds) Challenging Traditional Views of Russian History. Studies in Russian and East European History and Society. Palgrave Macmillan, London. https://doi.org/10.1057/9780230506114_2 Table 2.8
  44. 1888 29.8 Crude death rate per 1000 All prisoners, Calculation Wheatcroft S.G. (2002) The Crisis of the Late Tsarist Penal System. In: Wheatcroft S.G. (eds) Challenging Traditional Views of Russian History. Studies in Russian and East European History and Society. Palgrave Macmillan, London. https://doi.org/10.1057/9780230506114_2 Table 2.8
  45. 1889 35.8 Crude death rate per 1000 All prisoners, Calculation Wheatcroft S.G. (2002) The Crisis of the Late Tsarist Penal System. In: Wheatcroft S.G. (eds) Challenging Traditional Views of Russian History. Studies in Russian and East European History and Society. Palgrave Macmillan, London. https://doi.org/10.1057/9780230506114_2 Table 2.8
  46. 1890 38.3 Crude death rate per 1000 All prisoners, Calculation Wheatcroft S.G. (2002) The Crisis of the Late Tsarist Penal System. In: Wheatcroft S.G. (eds) Challenging Traditional Views of Russian History. Studies in Russian and East European History and Society. Palgrave Macmillan, London. https://doi.org/10.1057/9780230506114_2 Table 2.8
  47. 1891 43.0 Crude death rate per 1000 All prisoners, Calculation Wheatcroft S.G. (2002) The Crisis of the Late Tsarist Penal System. In: Wheatcroft S.G. (eds) Challenging Traditional Views of Russian History. Studies in Russian and East European History and Society. Palgrave Macmillan, London. https://doi.org/10.1057/9780230506114_2 Table 2.8
  48. 1892 59.0 Crude death rate per 1000 All prisoners, Calculation Wheatcroft S.G. (2002) The Crisis of the Late Tsarist Penal System. In: Wheatcroft S.G. (eds) Challenging Traditional Views of Russian History. Studies in Russian and East European History and Society. Palgrave Macmillan, London. https://doi.org/10.1057/9780230506114_2 Table 2.8
  49. 1893 45.0 Crude death rate per 1000 All prisoners, Calculation Wheatcroft S.G. (2002) The Crisis of the Late Tsarist Penal System. In: Wheatcroft S.G. (eds) Challenging Traditional Views of Russian History. Studies in Russian and East European History and Society. Palgrave Macmillan, London. https://doi.org/10.1057/9780230506114_2 Table 2.8
  50. 1894 39.1 Crude death rate per 1000 All prisoners, Calculation Wheatcroft S.G. (2002) The Crisis of the Late Tsarist Penal System. In: Wheatcroft S.G. (eds) Challenging Traditional Views of Russian History. Studies in Russian and East European History and Society. Palgrave Macmillan, London. https://doi.org/10.1057/9780230506114_2 Table 2.8
  51. 1895 32.3 Crude death rate per 1000 All prisoners, Calculation Wheatcroft S.G. (2002) The Crisis of the Late Tsarist Penal System. In: Wheatcroft S.G. (eds) Challenging Traditional Views of Russian History. Studies in Russian and East European History and Society. Palgrave Macmillan, London. https://doi.org/10.1057/9780230506114_2 Table 2.8
  52. 1896 29.5 Crude death rate per 1000 All prisoners, Calculation Wheatcroft S.G. (2002) The Crisis of the Late Tsarist Penal System. In: Wheatcroft S.G. (eds) Challenging Traditional Views of Russian History. Studies in Russian and East European History and Society. Palgrave Macmillan, London. https://doi.org/10.1057/9780230506114_2 Table 2.8
  53. 1897 26.2 Crude death rate per 1000 All prisoners, Calculation Wheatcroft S.G. (2002) The Crisis of the Late Tsarist Penal System. In: Wheatcroft S.G. (eds) Challenging Traditional Views of Russian History. Studies in Russian and East European History and Society. Palgrave Macmillan, London. https://doi.org/10.1057/9780230506114_2 Table 2.8
  54. 1898 28.2 Crude death rate per 1000 All prisoners, Calculation Wheatcroft S.G. (2002) The Crisis of the Late Tsarist Penal System. In: Wheatcroft S.G. (eds) Challenging Traditional Views of Russian History. Studies in Russian and East European History and Society. Palgrave Macmillan, London. https://doi.org/10.1057/9780230506114_2 Table 2.8
  55. 1899 26.2 Crude death rate per 1000 All prisoners, Calculation Wheatcroft S.G. (2002) The Crisis of the Late Tsarist Penal System. In: Wheatcroft S.G. (eds) Challenging Traditional Views of Russian History. Studies in Russian and East European History and Society. Palgrave Macmillan, London. https://doi.org/10.1057/9780230506114_2 Table 2.8
  56. 1900 27.1 Crude death rate per 1000 All prisoners, Calculation Wheatcroft S.G. (2002) The Crisis of the Late Tsarist Penal System. In: Wheatcroft S.G. (eds) Challenging Traditional Views of Russian History. Studies in Russian and East European History and Society. Palgrave Macmillan, London. https://doi.org/10.1057/9780230506114_2 Table 2.8
  57. 1901 22.7 Crude death rate per 1000 All prisoners, Calculation Wheatcroft S.G. (2002) The Crisis of the Late Tsarist Penal System. In: Wheatcroft S.G. (eds) Challenging Traditional Views of Russian History. Studies in Russian and East European History and Society. Palgrave Macmillan, London. https://doi.org/10.1057/9780230506114_2 Table 2.8
  58. 1902 22.0 Crude death rate per 1000 All prisoners, Calculation Wheatcroft S.G. (2002) The Crisis of the Late Tsarist Penal System. In: Wheatcroft S.G. (eds) Challenging Traditional Views of Russian History. Studies in Russian and East European History and Society. Palgrave Macmillan, London. https://doi.org/10.1057/9780230506114_2 Table 2.8
  59. 1903 20.4 Crude death rate per 1000 All prisoners, Calculation Wheatcroft S.G. (2002) The Crisis of the Late Tsarist Penal System. In: Wheatcroft S.G. (eds) Challenging Traditional Views of Russian History. Studies in Russian and East European History and Society. Palgrave Macmillan, London. https://doi.org/10.1057/9780230506114_2 Table 2.8
  60. 1904 19.6 Crude death rate per 1000 All prisoners, Calculation Wheatcroft S.G. (2002) The Crisis of the Late Tsarist Penal System. In: Wheatcroft S.G. (eds) Challenging Traditional Views of Russian History. Studies in Russian and East European History and Society. Palgrave Macmillan, London. https://doi.org/10.1057/9780230506114_2 Table 2.8
  61. 1905 19.5 Crude death rate per 1000 All prisoners, Calculation Wheatcroft S.G. (2002) The Crisis of the Late Tsarist Penal System. In: Wheatcroft S.G. (eds) Challenging Traditional Views of Russian History. Studies in Russian and East European History and Society. Palgrave Macmillan, London. https://doi.org/10.1057/9780230506114_2 Table 2.8
  62. 1906 14.4 Crude death rate per 1000 All prisoners, Calculation Wheatcroft S.G. (2002) The Crisis of the Late Tsarist Penal System. In: Wheatcroft S.G. (eds) Challenging Traditional Views of Russian History. Studies in Russian and East European History and Society. Palgrave Macmillan, London. https://doi.org/10.1057/9780230506114_2 Table 2.8
  63. 1907 16.5 Crude death rate per 1000 All prisoners, Calculation Wheatcroft S.G. (2002) The Crisis of the Late Tsarist Penal System. In: Wheatcroft S.G. (eds) Challenging Traditional Views of Russian History. Studies in Russian and East European History and Society. Palgrave Macmillan, London. https://doi.org/10.1057/9780230506114_2 Table 2.8
  64. 1908 30.0 Crude death rate per 1000 All prisoners, Calculation Wheatcroft S.G. (2002) The Crisis of the Late Tsarist Penal System. In: Wheatcroft S.G. (eds) Challenging Traditional Views of Russian History. Studies in Russian and East European History and Society. Palgrave Macmillan, London. https://doi.org/10.1057/9780230506114_2 Table 2.8
  65. 1909 38.6 Crude death rate per 1000 All prisoners, Calculation Wheatcroft S.G. (2002) The Crisis of the Late Tsarist Penal System. In: Wheatcroft S.G. (eds) Challenging Traditional Views of Russian History. Studies in Russian and East European History and Society. Palgrave Macmillan, London. https://doi.org/10.1057/9780230506114_2 Table 2.8
  66. 1910 48.1 Crude death rate per 1000 All prisoners, Calculation Wheatcroft S.G. (2002) The Crisis of the Late Tsarist Penal System. In: Wheatcroft S.G. (eds) Challenging Traditional Views of Russian History. Studies in Russian and East European History and Society. Palgrave Macmillan, London. https://doi.org/10.1057/9780230506114_2 Table 2.8
  67. 1911 49.4 Crude death rate per 1000 All prisoners, Calculation Wheatcroft S.G. (2002) The Crisis of the Late Tsarist Penal System. In: Wheatcroft S.G. (eds) Challenging Traditional Views of Russian History. Studies in Russian and East European History and Society. Palgrave Macmillan, London. https://doi.org/10.1057/9780230506114_2 Table 2.8
  68. 1912 44.0 Crude death rate per 1000 All prisoners, Calculation Wheatcroft S.G. (2002) The Crisis of the Late Tsarist Penal System. In: Wheatcroft S.G. (eds) Challenging Traditional Views of Russian History. Studies in Russian and East European History and Society. Palgrave Macmillan, London. https://doi.org/10.1057/9780230506114_2 Table 2.8
  69. 1913 38.8 Crude death rate per 1000 All prisoners, Calculation Wheatcroft S.G. (2002) The Crisis of the Late Tsarist Penal System. In: Wheatcroft S.G. (eds) Challenging Traditional Views of Russian History. Studies in Russian and East European History and Society. Palgrave Macmillan, London. https://doi.org/10.1057/9780230506114_2 Table 2.8
  70. 1914 35.9 Crude death rate per 1000 All prisoners, Calculation Wheatcroft S.G. (2002) The Crisis of the Late Tsarist Penal System. In: Wheatcroft S.G. (eds) Challenging Traditional Views of Russian History. Studies in Russian and East European History and Society. Palgrave Macmillan, London. https://doi.org/10.1057/9780230506114_2 Table 2.8
  71. 1915 52.1 Crude death rate per 1000 All prisoners, Calculation Wheatcroft S.G. (2002) The Crisis of the Late Tsarist Penal System. In: Wheatcroft S.G. (eds) Challenging Traditional Views of Russian History. Studies in Russian and East European History and Society. Palgrave Macmillan, London. https://doi.org/10.1057/9780230506114_2 Table 2.8
  72. 1885 28.1 Crude death rate per 1000 Katorga, Calculation Wheatcroft S.G. (2002) The Crisis of the Late Tsarist Penal System. In: Wheatcroft S.G. (eds) Challenging Traditional Views of Russian History. Studies in Russian and East European History and Society. Palgrave Macmillan, London. https://doi.org/10.1057/9780230506114_2 Table 2.8
  73. 1886 27.3 Crude death rate per 1000 Katorga, Calculation Wheatcroft S.G. (2002) The Crisis of the Late Tsarist Penal System. In: Wheatcroft S.G. (eds) Challenging Traditional Views of Russian History. Studies in Russian and East European History and Society. Palgrave Macmillan, London. https://doi.org/10.1057/9780230506114_2 Table 2.8
  74. 1887 30.1 Crude death rate per 1000 Katorga, Calculation Wheatcroft S.G. (2002) The Crisis of the Late Tsarist Penal System. In: Wheatcroft S.G. (eds) Challenging Traditional Views of Russian History. Studies in Russian and East European History and Society. Palgrave Macmillan, London. https://doi.org/10.1057/9780230506114_2 Table 2.8
  75. 1888 24.0 Crude death rate per 1000 Katorga, Calculation Wheatcroft S.G. (2002) The Crisis of the Late Tsarist Penal System. In: Wheatcroft S.G. (eds) Challenging Traditional Views of Russian History. Studies in Russian and East European History and Society. Palgrave Macmillan, London. https://doi.org/10.1057/9780230506114_2 Table 2.8
  76. 1889 37.2 Crude death rate per 1000 Katorga, Calculation Wheatcroft S.G. (2002) The Crisis of the Late Tsarist Penal System. In: Wheatcroft S.G. (eds) Challenging Traditional Views of Russian History. Studies in Russian and East European History and Society. Palgrave Macmillan, London. https://doi.org/10.1057/9780230506114_2 Table 2.8
  77. 1890 39.8 Crude death rate per 1000 Katorga, Calculation Wheatcroft S.G. (2002) The Crisis of the Late Tsarist Penal System. In: Wheatcroft S.G. (eds) Challenging Traditional Views of Russian History. Studies in Russian and East European History and Society. Palgrave Macmillan, London. https://doi.org/10.1057/9780230506114_2 Table 2.8
  78. 1891 44.2 Crude death rate per 1000 Katorga, Calculation Wheatcroft S.G. (2002) The Crisis of the Late Tsarist Penal System. In: Wheatcroft S.G. (eds) Challenging Traditional Views of Russian History. Studies in Russian and East European History and Society. Palgrave Macmillan, London. https://doi.org/10.1057/9780230506114_2 Table 2.8
  79. 1892 48.8 Crude death rate per 1000 Katorga, Calculation Wheatcroft S.G. (2002) The Crisis of the Late Tsarist Penal System. In: Wheatcroft S.G. (eds) Challenging Traditional Views of Russian History. Studies in Russian and East European History and Society. Palgrave Macmillan, London. https://doi.org/10.1057/9780230506114_2 Table 2.8
  80. 1893 35.4 Crude death rate per 1000 Katorga, Calculation Wheatcroft S.G. (2002) The Crisis of the Late Tsarist Penal System. In: Wheatcroft S.G. (eds) Challenging Traditional Views of Russian History. Studies in Russian and East European History and Society. Palgrave Macmillan, London. https://doi.org/10.1057/9780230506114_2 Table 2.8
  81. 1894 25.7 Crude death rate per 1000 Katorga, Calculation Wheatcroft S.G. (2002) The Crisis of the Late Tsarist Penal System. In: Wheatcroft S.G. (eds) Challenging Traditional Views of Russian History. Studies in Russian and East European History and Society. Palgrave Macmillan, London. https://doi.org/10.1057/9780230506114_2 Table 2.8
  82. 1895 27.3 Crude death rate per 1000 Katorga, Calculation Wheatcroft S.G. (2002) The Crisis of the Late Tsarist Penal System. In: Wheatcroft S.G. (eds) Challenging Traditional Views of Russian History. Studies in Russian and East European History and Society. Palgrave Macmillan, London. https://doi.org/10.1057/9780230506114_2 Table 2.8
  83. 1896 28.1 Crude death rate per 1000 Katorga, Calculation Wheatcroft S.G. (2002) The Crisis of the Late Tsarist Penal System. In: Wheatcroft S.G. (eds) Challenging Traditional Views of Russian History. Studies in Russian and East European History and Society. Palgrave Macmillan, London. https://doi.org/10.1057/9780230506114_2 Table 2.8
  84. 1897 25.5 Crude death rate per 1000 Katorga, Calculation Wheatcroft S.G. (2002) The Crisis of the Late Tsarist Penal System. In: Wheatcroft S.G. (eds) Challenging Traditional Views of Russian History. Studies in Russian and East European History and Society. Palgrave Macmillan, London. https://doi.org/10.1057/9780230506114_2 Table 2.8
  85. 1898 31.4 Crude death rate per 1000 Katorga, Calculation Wheatcroft S.G. (2002) The Crisis of the Late Tsarist Penal System. In: Wheatcroft S.G. (eds) Challenging Traditional Views of Russian History. Studies in Russian and East European History and Society. Palgrave Macmillan, London. https://doi.org/10.1057/9780230506114_2 Table 2.8
  86. 1899 32.3 Crude death rate per 1000 Katorga, Calculation Wheatcroft S.G. (2002) The Crisis of the Late Tsarist Penal System. In: Wheatcroft S.G. (eds) Challenging Traditional Views of Russian History. Studies in Russian and East European History and Society. Palgrave Macmillan, London. https://doi.org/10.1057/9780230506114_2 Table 2.8
  87. 1900 39.1 Crude death rate per 1000 Katorga, Calculation Wheatcroft S.G. (2002) The Crisis of the Late Tsarist Penal System. In: Wheatcroft S.G. (eds) Challenging Traditional Views of Russian History. Studies in Russian and East European History and Society. Palgrave Macmillan, London. https://doi.org/10.1057/9780230506114_2 Table 2.8
  88. 1901 39.8 Crude death rate per 1000 Katorga, Calculation Wheatcroft S.G. (2002) The Crisis of the Late Tsarist Penal System. In: Wheatcroft S.G. (eds) Challenging Traditional Views of Russian History. Studies in Russian and East European History and Society. Palgrave Macmillan, London. https://doi.org/10.1057/9780230506114_2 Table 2.8
  89. 1902 31.9 Crude death rate per 1000 Katorga, Calculation Wheatcroft S.G. (2002) The Crisis of the Late Tsarist Penal System. In: Wheatcroft S.G. (eds) Challenging Traditional Views of Russian History. Studies in Russian and East European History and Society. Palgrave Macmillan, London. https://doi.org/10.1057/9780230506114_2 Table 2.8
  90. 1903 31.6 Crude death rate per 1000 Katorga, Calculation Wheatcroft S.G. (2002) The Crisis of the Late Tsarist Penal System. In: Wheatcroft S.G. (eds) Challenging Traditional Views of Russian History. Studies in Russian and East European History and Society. Palgrave Macmillan, London. https://doi.org/10.1057/9780230506114_2 Table 2.8
  91. 1904 24.0 Crude death rate per 1000 Katorga, Calculation Wheatcroft S.G. (2002) The Crisis of the Late Tsarist Penal System. In: Wheatcroft S.G. (eds) Challenging Traditional Views of Russian History. Studies in Russian and East European History and Society. Palgrave Macmillan, London. https://doi.org/10.1057/9780230506114_2 Table 2.8
  92. 1905 29.0 Crude death rate per 1000 Katorga, Calculation Wheatcroft S.G. (2002) The Crisis of the Late Tsarist Penal System. In: Wheatcroft S.G. (eds) Challenging Traditional Views of Russian History. Studies in Russian and East European History and Society. Palgrave Macmillan, London. https://doi.org/10.1057/9780230506114_2 Table 2.8
  93. 1906 20.4 Crude death rate per 1000 Katorga, Calculation Wheatcroft S.G. (2002) The Crisis of the Late Tsarist Penal System. In: Wheatcroft S.G. (eds) Challenging Traditional Views of Russian History. Studies in Russian and East European History and Society. Palgrave Macmillan, London. https://doi.org/10.1057/9780230506114_2 Table 2.8
  94. 1907 19.1 Crude death rate per 1000 Katorga, Calculation Wheatcroft S.G. (2002) The Crisis of the Late Tsarist Penal System. In: Wheatcroft S.G. (eds) Challenging Traditional Views of Russian History. Studies in Russian and East European History and Society. Palgrave Macmillan, London. https://doi.org/10.1057/9780230506114_2 Table 2.8
  95. 1908 21.5 Crude death rate per 1000 Katorga, Calculation Wheatcroft S.G. (2002) The Crisis of the Late Tsarist Penal System. In: Wheatcroft S.G. (eds) Challenging Traditional Views of Russian History. Studies in Russian and East European History and Society. Palgrave Macmillan, London. https://doi.org/10.1057/9780230506114_2 Table 2.8
  96. 1909 46.4 Crude death rate per 1000 Katorga, Calculation Wheatcroft S.G. (2002) The Crisis of the Late Tsarist Penal System. In: Wheatcroft S.G. (eds) Challenging Traditional Views of Russian History. Studies in Russian and East European History and Society. Palgrave Macmillan, London. https://doi.org/10.1057/9780230506114_2 Table 2.8
  97. 1910 59.6 Crude death rate per 1000 Katorga, Calculation Wheatcroft S.G. (2002) The Crisis of the Late Tsarist Penal System. In: Wheatcroft S.G. (eds) Challenging Traditional Views of Russian History. Studies in Russian and East European History and Society. Palgrave Macmillan, London. https://doi.org/10.1057/9780230506114_2 Table 2.8
  98. 1911 67.4 Crude death rate per 1000 Katorga, Calculation Wheatcroft S.G. (2002) The Crisis of the Late Tsarist Penal System. In: Wheatcroft S.G. (eds) Challenging Traditional Views of Russian History. Studies in Russian and East European History and Society. Palgrave Macmillan, London. https://doi.org/10.1057/9780230506114_2 Table 2.8
  99. 1912 51.3 Crude death rate per 1000 Katorga, Calculation Wheatcroft S.G. (2002) The Crisis of the Late Tsarist Penal System. In: Wheatcroft S.G. (eds) Challenging Traditional Views of Russian History. Studies in Russian and East European History and Society. Palgrave Macmillan, London. https://doi.org/10.1057/9780230506114_2 Table 2.8
  100. 1913 43.7 Crude death rate per 1000 Katorga, Calculation Wheatcroft S.G. (2002) The Crisis of the Late Tsarist Penal System. In: Wheatcroft S.G. (eds) Challenging Traditional Views of Russian History. Studies in Russian and East European History and Society. Palgrave Macmillan, London. https://doi.org/10.1057/9780230506114_2 Table 2.8
  101. 1914 39.7 Crude death rate per 1000 Katorga, Calculation Wheatcroft S.G. (2002) The Crisis of the Late Tsarist Penal System. In: Wheatcroft S.G. (eds) Challenging Traditional Views of Russian History. Studies in Russian and East European History and Society. Palgrave Macmillan, London. https://doi.org/10.1057/9780230506114_2 Table 2.8
  102. 1915 54.0 Crude death rate per 1000 Katorga, Calculation Wheatcroft S.G. (2002) The Crisis of the Late Tsarist Penal System. In: Wheatcroft S.G. (eds) Challenging Traditional Views of Russian History. Studies in Russian and East European History and Society. Palgrave Macmillan, London. https://doi.org/10.1057/9780230506114_2 Table 2.8
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