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- Year Value Variable Class Source Subsource
- 1935 2.75 Mortality (%) Penal System, OURZ Демографическая модернизация России: 1900-2000. Под редакцией Анатолия Вишневского, 2006 Table 19.5
- 1936 2.11 Mortality (%) Penal System, OURZ Демографическая модернизация России: 1900-2000. Под редакцией Анатолия Вишневского, 2006 Table 19.5
- 1937 2.42 Mortality (%) Penal System, OURZ Демографическая модернизация России: 1900-2000. Под редакцией Анатолия Вишневского, 2006 Table 19.5
- 1938 5.35 Mortality (%) Penal System, OURZ Демографическая модернизация России: 1900-2000. Под редакцией Анатолия Вишневского, 2006 Table 19.5
- 1939 3.89 Mortality (%) Penal System, Calculation Демографическая модернизация России: 1900-2000. Под редакцией Анатолия Вишневского, 2006 Table 19.5
- 1940 2.67 Mortality (%) Penal System, Calculation Демографическая модернизация России: 1900-2000. Под редакцией Анатолия Вишневского, 2006 Table 19.5
- 1941 5.53 Mortality (%) Penal System, Calculation Демографическая модернизация России: 1900-2000. Под редакцией Анатолия Вишневского, 2006 Table 19.5
- 1942 20.30 Mortality (%) Penal System, Calculation Демографическая модернизация России: 1900-2000. Под редакцией Анатолия Вишневского, 2006 Table 19.5
- 1943 18.91 Mortality (%) Penal System, Calculation Демографическая модернизация России: 1900-2000. Под редакцией Анатолия Вишневского, 2006 Table 19.5
- 1944 8.00 Mortality (%) Penal System, Calculation Демографическая модернизация России: 1900-2000. Под редакцией Анатолия Вишневского, 2006 Table 19.5
- 1946 1.67 Mortality (%) Penal System, Calculation Демографическая модернизация России: 1900-2000. Под редакцией Анатолия Вишневского, 2006 Table 19.5
- 1947 3.19 Mortality (%) Penal System, Calculation Демографическая модернизация России: 1900-2000. Под редакцией Анатолия Вишневского, 2006 Table 19.5
- 1948 2.07 Mortality (%) Penal System, Calculation Демографическая модернизация России: 1900-2000. Под редакцией Анатолия Вишневского, 2006 Table 19.5
- 1949 1.13 Mortality (%) Penal System, Calculation Демографическая модернизация России: 1900-2000. Под редакцией Анатолия Вишневского, 2006 Table 19.5
- 1950 0.92 Mortality (%) Penal System, Calculation Демографическая модернизация России: 1900-2000. Под редакцией Анатолия Вишневского, 2006 Table 19.5
- 1951 0.85 Mortality (%) Penal System, Calculation Демографическая модернизация России: 1900-2000. Под редакцией Анатолия Вишневского, 2006 Table 19.5
- 1952 0.78 Mortality (%) Penal System, Calculation Демографическая модернизация России: 1900-2000. Под редакцией Анатолия Вишневского, 2006 Table 19.5
- 1953 0.47 Mortality (%) Penal System, Calculation Демографическая модернизация России: 1900-2000. Под редакцией Анатолия Вишневского, 2006 Table 19.5
- 1954 0.63 Mortality (%) Penal System, Calculation Демографическая модернизация России: 1900-2000. Под редакцией Анатолия Вишневского, 2006 Table 19.5
- 1954 0.46 Mortality (%) Penal System, Calculation Демографическая модернизация России: 1900-2000. Под редакцией Анатолия Вишневского, 2006 Table 19.5
- 1954 0.34 Mortality (%) Penal System, Calculation Демографическая модернизация России: 1900-2000. Под редакцией Анатолия Вишневского, 2006 Table 19.5
- 1930 4.08 Mortality (%) Camps, Calculation Демографическая модернизация России: 1900-2000. Под редакцией Анатолия Вишневского, 2006 Table 19.5
- 1931 3.03 Mortality (%) Camps, Calculation Демографическая модернизация России: 1900-2000. Под редакцией Анатолия Вишневского, 2006 Table 19.5
- 1932 4.38 Mortality (%) Camps, Calculation Демографическая модернизация России: 1900-2000. Под редакцией Анатолия Вишневского, 2006 Table 19.5
- 1933 15.94 Mortality (%) Camps, Calculation Демографическая модернизация России: 1900-2000. Под редакцией Анатолия Вишневского, 2006 Table 19.5
- 1934 4.26 Mortality (%) Camps, Calculation Демографическая модернизация России: 1900-2000. Под редакцией Анатолия Вишневского, 2006 Table 19.5
- 1935 3.62 Mortality (%) Camps, Calculation Демографическая модернизация России: 1900-2000. Под редакцией Анатолия Вишневского, 2006 Table 19.5
- 1936 2.48 Mortality (%) Camps, Calculation Демографическая модернизация России: 1900-2000. Под редакцией Анатолия Вишневского, 2006 Table 19.5
- 1937 2.79 Mortality (%) Camps, Calculation Демографическая модернизация России: 1900-2000. Под редакцией Анатолия Вишневского, 2006 Table 19.5
- 1938 7.83 Mortality (%) Camps, Calculation Демографическая модернизация России: 1900-2000. Под редакцией Анатолия Вишневского, 2006 Table 19.5
- 1939 3.79 Mortality (%) Camps, Calculation Демографическая модернизация России: 1900-2000. Под редакцией Анатолия Вишневского, 2006 Table 19.5
- 1940 3.28 Mortality (%) Camps, Calculation Демографическая модернизация России: 1900-2000. Под редакцией Анатолия Вишневского, 2006 Table 19.5
- 1941 6.93 Mortality (%) Camps, Calculation Демографическая модернизация России: 1900-2000. Под редакцией Анатолия Вишневского, 2006 Table 19.5
- 1942 20.74 Mortality (%) Camps, Calculation Демографическая модернизация России: 1900-2000. Под редакцией Анатолия Вишневского, 2006 Table 19.5
- 1943 20.27 Mortality (%) Camps, Calculation Демографическая модернизация России: 1900-2000. Под редакцией Анатолия Вишневского, 2006 Table 19.5
- 1944 8.84 Mortality (%) Camps, Calculation Демографическая модернизация России: 1900-2000. Под редакцией Анатолия Вишневского, 2006 Table 19.5
- 1945 6.00 Mortality (%) Camps, Calculation Демографическая модернизация России: 1900-2000. Под редакцией Анатолия Вишневского, 2006 Table 19.5
- 1946 2.33 Mortality (%) Camps, Calculation Демографическая модернизация России: 1900-2000. Под редакцией Анатолия Вишневского, 2006 Table 19.5
- 1947 3.72 Mortality (%) Camps, Calculation Демографическая модернизация России: 1900-2000. Под редакцией Анатолия Вишневского, 2006 Table 19.5
- 1885 34.8 Crude death rate per 1000 All prisoners, Calculation Wheatcroft S.G. (2002) The Crisis of the Late Tsarist Penal System. In: Wheatcroft S.G. (eds) Challenging Traditional Views of Russian History. Studies in Russian and East European History and Society. Palgrave Macmillan, London. https://doi.org/10.1057/9780230506114_2 Table 2.8
- 1886 38.8 Crude death rate per 1000 All prisoners, Calculation Wheatcroft S.G. (2002) The Crisis of the Late Tsarist Penal System. In: Wheatcroft S.G. (eds) Challenging Traditional Views of Russian History. Studies in Russian and East European History and Society. Palgrave Macmillan, London. https://doi.org/10.1057/9780230506114_2 Table 2.8
- 1887 32.2 Crude death rate per 1000 All prisoners, Calculation Wheatcroft S.G. (2002) The Crisis of the Late Tsarist Penal System. In: Wheatcroft S.G. (eds) Challenging Traditional Views of Russian History. Studies in Russian and East European History and Society. Palgrave Macmillan, London. https://doi.org/10.1057/9780230506114_2 Table 2.8
- 1888 29.8 Crude death rate per 1000 All prisoners, Calculation Wheatcroft S.G. (2002) The Crisis of the Late Tsarist Penal System. In: Wheatcroft S.G. (eds) Challenging Traditional Views of Russian History. Studies in Russian and East European History and Society. Palgrave Macmillan, London. https://doi.org/10.1057/9780230506114_2 Table 2.8
- 1889 35.8 Crude death rate per 1000 All prisoners, Calculation Wheatcroft S.G. (2002) The Crisis of the Late Tsarist Penal System. In: Wheatcroft S.G. (eds) Challenging Traditional Views of Russian History. Studies in Russian and East European History and Society. Palgrave Macmillan, London. https://doi.org/10.1057/9780230506114_2 Table 2.8
- 1890 38.3 Crude death rate per 1000 All prisoners, Calculation Wheatcroft S.G. (2002) The Crisis of the Late Tsarist Penal System. In: Wheatcroft S.G. (eds) Challenging Traditional Views of Russian History. Studies in Russian and East European History and Society. Palgrave Macmillan, London. https://doi.org/10.1057/9780230506114_2 Table 2.8
- 1891 43.0 Crude death rate per 1000 All prisoners, Calculation Wheatcroft S.G. (2002) The Crisis of the Late Tsarist Penal System. In: Wheatcroft S.G. (eds) Challenging Traditional Views of Russian History. Studies in Russian and East European History and Society. Palgrave Macmillan, London. https://doi.org/10.1057/9780230506114_2 Table 2.8
- 1892 59.0 Crude death rate per 1000 All prisoners, Calculation Wheatcroft S.G. (2002) The Crisis of the Late Tsarist Penal System. In: Wheatcroft S.G. (eds) Challenging Traditional Views of Russian History. Studies in Russian and East European History and Society. Palgrave Macmillan, London. https://doi.org/10.1057/9780230506114_2 Table 2.8
- 1893 45.0 Crude death rate per 1000 All prisoners, Calculation Wheatcroft S.G. (2002) The Crisis of the Late Tsarist Penal System. In: Wheatcroft S.G. (eds) Challenging Traditional Views of Russian History. Studies in Russian and East European History and Society. Palgrave Macmillan, London. https://doi.org/10.1057/9780230506114_2 Table 2.8
- 1894 39.1 Crude death rate per 1000 All prisoners, Calculation Wheatcroft S.G. (2002) The Crisis of the Late Tsarist Penal System. In: Wheatcroft S.G. (eds) Challenging Traditional Views of Russian History. Studies in Russian and East European History and Society. Palgrave Macmillan, London. https://doi.org/10.1057/9780230506114_2 Table 2.8
- 1895 32.3 Crude death rate per 1000 All prisoners, Calculation Wheatcroft S.G. (2002) The Crisis of the Late Tsarist Penal System. In: Wheatcroft S.G. (eds) Challenging Traditional Views of Russian History. Studies in Russian and East European History and Society. Palgrave Macmillan, London. https://doi.org/10.1057/9780230506114_2 Table 2.8
- 1896 29.5 Crude death rate per 1000 All prisoners, Calculation Wheatcroft S.G. (2002) The Crisis of the Late Tsarist Penal System. In: Wheatcroft S.G. (eds) Challenging Traditional Views of Russian History. Studies in Russian and East European History and Society. Palgrave Macmillan, London. https://doi.org/10.1057/9780230506114_2 Table 2.8
- 1897 26.2 Crude death rate per 1000 All prisoners, Calculation Wheatcroft S.G. (2002) The Crisis of the Late Tsarist Penal System. In: Wheatcroft S.G. (eds) Challenging Traditional Views of Russian History. Studies in Russian and East European History and Society. Palgrave Macmillan, London. https://doi.org/10.1057/9780230506114_2 Table 2.8
- 1898 28.2 Crude death rate per 1000 All prisoners, Calculation Wheatcroft S.G. (2002) The Crisis of the Late Tsarist Penal System. In: Wheatcroft S.G. (eds) Challenging Traditional Views of Russian History. Studies in Russian and East European History and Society. Palgrave Macmillan, London. https://doi.org/10.1057/9780230506114_2 Table 2.8
- 1899 26.2 Crude death rate per 1000 All prisoners, Calculation Wheatcroft S.G. (2002) The Crisis of the Late Tsarist Penal System. In: Wheatcroft S.G. (eds) Challenging Traditional Views of Russian History. Studies in Russian and East European History and Society. Palgrave Macmillan, London. https://doi.org/10.1057/9780230506114_2 Table 2.8
- 1900 27.1 Crude death rate per 1000 All prisoners, Calculation Wheatcroft S.G. (2002) The Crisis of the Late Tsarist Penal System. In: Wheatcroft S.G. (eds) Challenging Traditional Views of Russian History. Studies in Russian and East European History and Society. Palgrave Macmillan, London. https://doi.org/10.1057/9780230506114_2 Table 2.8
- 1901 22.7 Crude death rate per 1000 All prisoners, Calculation Wheatcroft S.G. (2002) The Crisis of the Late Tsarist Penal System. In: Wheatcroft S.G. (eds) Challenging Traditional Views of Russian History. Studies in Russian and East European History and Society. Palgrave Macmillan, London. https://doi.org/10.1057/9780230506114_2 Table 2.8
- 1902 22.0 Crude death rate per 1000 All prisoners, Calculation Wheatcroft S.G. (2002) The Crisis of the Late Tsarist Penal System. In: Wheatcroft S.G. (eds) Challenging Traditional Views of Russian History. Studies in Russian and East European History and Society. Palgrave Macmillan, London. https://doi.org/10.1057/9780230506114_2 Table 2.8
- 1903 20.4 Crude death rate per 1000 All prisoners, Calculation Wheatcroft S.G. (2002) The Crisis of the Late Tsarist Penal System. In: Wheatcroft S.G. (eds) Challenging Traditional Views of Russian History. Studies in Russian and East European History and Society. Palgrave Macmillan, London. https://doi.org/10.1057/9780230506114_2 Table 2.8
- 1904 19.6 Crude death rate per 1000 All prisoners, Calculation Wheatcroft S.G. (2002) The Crisis of the Late Tsarist Penal System. In: Wheatcroft S.G. (eds) Challenging Traditional Views of Russian History. Studies in Russian and East European History and Society. Palgrave Macmillan, London. https://doi.org/10.1057/9780230506114_2 Table 2.8
- 1905 19.5 Crude death rate per 1000 All prisoners, Calculation Wheatcroft S.G. (2002) The Crisis of the Late Tsarist Penal System. In: Wheatcroft S.G. (eds) Challenging Traditional Views of Russian History. Studies in Russian and East European History and Society. Palgrave Macmillan, London. https://doi.org/10.1057/9780230506114_2 Table 2.8
- 1906 14.4 Crude death rate per 1000 All prisoners, Calculation Wheatcroft S.G. (2002) The Crisis of the Late Tsarist Penal System. In: Wheatcroft S.G. (eds) Challenging Traditional Views of Russian History. Studies in Russian and East European History and Society. Palgrave Macmillan, London. https://doi.org/10.1057/9780230506114_2 Table 2.8
- 1907 16.5 Crude death rate per 1000 All prisoners, Calculation Wheatcroft S.G. (2002) The Crisis of the Late Tsarist Penal System. In: Wheatcroft S.G. (eds) Challenging Traditional Views of Russian History. Studies in Russian and East European History and Society. Palgrave Macmillan, London. https://doi.org/10.1057/9780230506114_2 Table 2.8
- 1908 30.0 Crude death rate per 1000 All prisoners, Calculation Wheatcroft S.G. (2002) The Crisis of the Late Tsarist Penal System. In: Wheatcroft S.G. (eds) Challenging Traditional Views of Russian History. Studies in Russian and East European History and Society. Palgrave Macmillan, London. https://doi.org/10.1057/9780230506114_2 Table 2.8
- 1909 38.6 Crude death rate per 1000 All prisoners, Calculation Wheatcroft S.G. (2002) The Crisis of the Late Tsarist Penal System. In: Wheatcroft S.G. (eds) Challenging Traditional Views of Russian History. Studies in Russian and East European History and Society. Palgrave Macmillan, London. https://doi.org/10.1057/9780230506114_2 Table 2.8
- 1910 48.1 Crude death rate per 1000 All prisoners, Calculation Wheatcroft S.G. (2002) The Crisis of the Late Tsarist Penal System. In: Wheatcroft S.G. (eds) Challenging Traditional Views of Russian History. Studies in Russian and East European History and Society. Palgrave Macmillan, London. https://doi.org/10.1057/9780230506114_2 Table 2.8
- 1911 49.4 Crude death rate per 1000 All prisoners, Calculation Wheatcroft S.G. (2002) The Crisis of the Late Tsarist Penal System. In: Wheatcroft S.G. (eds) Challenging Traditional Views of Russian History. Studies in Russian and East European History and Society. Palgrave Macmillan, London. https://doi.org/10.1057/9780230506114_2 Table 2.8
- 1912 44.0 Crude death rate per 1000 All prisoners, Calculation Wheatcroft S.G. (2002) The Crisis of the Late Tsarist Penal System. In: Wheatcroft S.G. (eds) Challenging Traditional Views of Russian History. Studies in Russian and East European History and Society. Palgrave Macmillan, London. https://doi.org/10.1057/9780230506114_2 Table 2.8
- 1913 38.8 Crude death rate per 1000 All prisoners, Calculation Wheatcroft S.G. (2002) The Crisis of the Late Tsarist Penal System. In: Wheatcroft S.G. (eds) Challenging Traditional Views of Russian History. Studies in Russian and East European History and Society. Palgrave Macmillan, London. https://doi.org/10.1057/9780230506114_2 Table 2.8
- 1914 35.9 Crude death rate per 1000 All prisoners, Calculation Wheatcroft S.G. (2002) The Crisis of the Late Tsarist Penal System. In: Wheatcroft S.G. (eds) Challenging Traditional Views of Russian History. Studies in Russian and East European History and Society. Palgrave Macmillan, London. https://doi.org/10.1057/9780230506114_2 Table 2.8
- 1915 52.1 Crude death rate per 1000 All prisoners, Calculation Wheatcroft S.G. (2002) The Crisis of the Late Tsarist Penal System. In: Wheatcroft S.G. (eds) Challenging Traditional Views of Russian History. Studies in Russian and East European History and Society. Palgrave Macmillan, London. https://doi.org/10.1057/9780230506114_2 Table 2.8
- 1885 28.1 Crude death rate per 1000 Katorga, Calculation Wheatcroft S.G. (2002) The Crisis of the Late Tsarist Penal System. In: Wheatcroft S.G. (eds) Challenging Traditional Views of Russian History. Studies in Russian and East European History and Society. Palgrave Macmillan, London. https://doi.org/10.1057/9780230506114_2 Table 2.8
- 1886 27.3 Crude death rate per 1000 Katorga, Calculation Wheatcroft S.G. (2002) The Crisis of the Late Tsarist Penal System. In: Wheatcroft S.G. (eds) Challenging Traditional Views of Russian History. Studies in Russian and East European History and Society. Palgrave Macmillan, London. https://doi.org/10.1057/9780230506114_2 Table 2.8
- 1887 30.1 Crude death rate per 1000 Katorga, Calculation Wheatcroft S.G. (2002) The Crisis of the Late Tsarist Penal System. In: Wheatcroft S.G. (eds) Challenging Traditional Views of Russian History. Studies in Russian and East European History and Society. Palgrave Macmillan, London. https://doi.org/10.1057/9780230506114_2 Table 2.8
- 1888 24.0 Crude death rate per 1000 Katorga, Calculation Wheatcroft S.G. (2002) The Crisis of the Late Tsarist Penal System. In: Wheatcroft S.G. (eds) Challenging Traditional Views of Russian History. Studies in Russian and East European History and Society. Palgrave Macmillan, London. https://doi.org/10.1057/9780230506114_2 Table 2.8
- 1889 37.2 Crude death rate per 1000 Katorga, Calculation Wheatcroft S.G. (2002) The Crisis of the Late Tsarist Penal System. In: Wheatcroft S.G. (eds) Challenging Traditional Views of Russian History. Studies in Russian and East European History and Society. Palgrave Macmillan, London. https://doi.org/10.1057/9780230506114_2 Table 2.8
- 1890 39.8 Crude death rate per 1000 Katorga, Calculation Wheatcroft S.G. (2002) The Crisis of the Late Tsarist Penal System. In: Wheatcroft S.G. (eds) Challenging Traditional Views of Russian History. Studies in Russian and East European History and Society. Palgrave Macmillan, London. https://doi.org/10.1057/9780230506114_2 Table 2.8
- 1891 44.2 Crude death rate per 1000 Katorga, Calculation Wheatcroft S.G. (2002) The Crisis of the Late Tsarist Penal System. In: Wheatcroft S.G. (eds) Challenging Traditional Views of Russian History. Studies in Russian and East European History and Society. Palgrave Macmillan, London. https://doi.org/10.1057/9780230506114_2 Table 2.8
- 1892 48.8 Crude death rate per 1000 Katorga, Calculation Wheatcroft S.G. (2002) The Crisis of the Late Tsarist Penal System. In: Wheatcroft S.G. (eds) Challenging Traditional Views of Russian History. Studies in Russian and East European History and Society. Palgrave Macmillan, London. https://doi.org/10.1057/9780230506114_2 Table 2.8
- 1893 35.4 Crude death rate per 1000 Katorga, Calculation Wheatcroft S.G. (2002) The Crisis of the Late Tsarist Penal System. In: Wheatcroft S.G. (eds) Challenging Traditional Views of Russian History. Studies in Russian and East European History and Society. Palgrave Macmillan, London. https://doi.org/10.1057/9780230506114_2 Table 2.8
- 1894 25.7 Crude death rate per 1000 Katorga, Calculation Wheatcroft S.G. (2002) The Crisis of the Late Tsarist Penal System. In: Wheatcroft S.G. (eds) Challenging Traditional Views of Russian History. Studies in Russian and East European History and Society. Palgrave Macmillan, London. https://doi.org/10.1057/9780230506114_2 Table 2.8
- 1895 27.3 Crude death rate per 1000 Katorga, Calculation Wheatcroft S.G. (2002) The Crisis of the Late Tsarist Penal System. In: Wheatcroft S.G. (eds) Challenging Traditional Views of Russian History. Studies in Russian and East European History and Society. Palgrave Macmillan, London. https://doi.org/10.1057/9780230506114_2 Table 2.8
- 1896 28.1 Crude death rate per 1000 Katorga, Calculation Wheatcroft S.G. (2002) The Crisis of the Late Tsarist Penal System. In: Wheatcroft S.G. (eds) Challenging Traditional Views of Russian History. Studies in Russian and East European History and Society. Palgrave Macmillan, London. https://doi.org/10.1057/9780230506114_2 Table 2.8
- 1897 25.5 Crude death rate per 1000 Katorga, Calculation Wheatcroft S.G. (2002) The Crisis of the Late Tsarist Penal System. In: Wheatcroft S.G. (eds) Challenging Traditional Views of Russian History. Studies in Russian and East European History and Society. Palgrave Macmillan, London. https://doi.org/10.1057/9780230506114_2 Table 2.8
- 1898 31.4 Crude death rate per 1000 Katorga, Calculation Wheatcroft S.G. (2002) The Crisis of the Late Tsarist Penal System. In: Wheatcroft S.G. (eds) Challenging Traditional Views of Russian History. Studies in Russian and East European History and Society. Palgrave Macmillan, London. https://doi.org/10.1057/9780230506114_2 Table 2.8
- 1899 32.3 Crude death rate per 1000 Katorga, Calculation Wheatcroft S.G. (2002) The Crisis of the Late Tsarist Penal System. In: Wheatcroft S.G. (eds) Challenging Traditional Views of Russian History. Studies in Russian and East European History and Society. Palgrave Macmillan, London. https://doi.org/10.1057/9780230506114_2 Table 2.8
- 1900 39.1 Crude death rate per 1000 Katorga, Calculation Wheatcroft S.G. (2002) The Crisis of the Late Tsarist Penal System. In: Wheatcroft S.G. (eds) Challenging Traditional Views of Russian History. Studies in Russian and East European History and Society. Palgrave Macmillan, London. https://doi.org/10.1057/9780230506114_2 Table 2.8
- 1901 39.8 Crude death rate per 1000 Katorga, Calculation Wheatcroft S.G. (2002) The Crisis of the Late Tsarist Penal System. In: Wheatcroft S.G. (eds) Challenging Traditional Views of Russian History. Studies in Russian and East European History and Society. Palgrave Macmillan, London. https://doi.org/10.1057/9780230506114_2 Table 2.8
- 1902 31.9 Crude death rate per 1000 Katorga, Calculation Wheatcroft S.G. (2002) The Crisis of the Late Tsarist Penal System. In: Wheatcroft S.G. (eds) Challenging Traditional Views of Russian History. Studies in Russian and East European History and Society. Palgrave Macmillan, London. https://doi.org/10.1057/9780230506114_2 Table 2.8
- 1903 31.6 Crude death rate per 1000 Katorga, Calculation Wheatcroft S.G. (2002) The Crisis of the Late Tsarist Penal System. In: Wheatcroft S.G. (eds) Challenging Traditional Views of Russian History. Studies in Russian and East European History and Society. Palgrave Macmillan, London. https://doi.org/10.1057/9780230506114_2 Table 2.8
- 1904 24.0 Crude death rate per 1000 Katorga, Calculation Wheatcroft S.G. (2002) The Crisis of the Late Tsarist Penal System. In: Wheatcroft S.G. (eds) Challenging Traditional Views of Russian History. Studies in Russian and East European History and Society. Palgrave Macmillan, London. https://doi.org/10.1057/9780230506114_2 Table 2.8
- 1905 29.0 Crude death rate per 1000 Katorga, Calculation Wheatcroft S.G. (2002) The Crisis of the Late Tsarist Penal System. In: Wheatcroft S.G. (eds) Challenging Traditional Views of Russian History. Studies in Russian and East European History and Society. Palgrave Macmillan, London. https://doi.org/10.1057/9780230506114_2 Table 2.8
- 1906 20.4 Crude death rate per 1000 Katorga, Calculation Wheatcroft S.G. (2002) The Crisis of the Late Tsarist Penal System. In: Wheatcroft S.G. (eds) Challenging Traditional Views of Russian History. Studies in Russian and East European History and Society. Palgrave Macmillan, London. https://doi.org/10.1057/9780230506114_2 Table 2.8
- 1907 19.1 Crude death rate per 1000 Katorga, Calculation Wheatcroft S.G. (2002) The Crisis of the Late Tsarist Penal System. In: Wheatcroft S.G. (eds) Challenging Traditional Views of Russian History. Studies in Russian and East European History and Society. Palgrave Macmillan, London. https://doi.org/10.1057/9780230506114_2 Table 2.8
- 1908 21.5 Crude death rate per 1000 Katorga, Calculation Wheatcroft S.G. (2002) The Crisis of the Late Tsarist Penal System. In: Wheatcroft S.G. (eds) Challenging Traditional Views of Russian History. Studies in Russian and East European History and Society. Palgrave Macmillan, London. https://doi.org/10.1057/9780230506114_2 Table 2.8
- 1909 46.4 Crude death rate per 1000 Katorga, Calculation Wheatcroft S.G. (2002) The Crisis of the Late Tsarist Penal System. In: Wheatcroft S.G. (eds) Challenging Traditional Views of Russian History. Studies in Russian and East European History and Society. Palgrave Macmillan, London. https://doi.org/10.1057/9780230506114_2 Table 2.8
- 1910 59.6 Crude death rate per 1000 Katorga, Calculation Wheatcroft S.G. (2002) The Crisis of the Late Tsarist Penal System. In: Wheatcroft S.G. (eds) Challenging Traditional Views of Russian History. Studies in Russian and East European History and Society. Palgrave Macmillan, London. https://doi.org/10.1057/9780230506114_2 Table 2.8
- 1911 67.4 Crude death rate per 1000 Katorga, Calculation Wheatcroft S.G. (2002) The Crisis of the Late Tsarist Penal System. In: Wheatcroft S.G. (eds) Challenging Traditional Views of Russian History. Studies in Russian and East European History and Society. Palgrave Macmillan, London. https://doi.org/10.1057/9780230506114_2 Table 2.8
- 1912 51.3 Crude death rate per 1000 Katorga, Calculation Wheatcroft S.G. (2002) The Crisis of the Late Tsarist Penal System. In: Wheatcroft S.G. (eds) Challenging Traditional Views of Russian History. Studies in Russian and East European History and Society. Palgrave Macmillan, London. https://doi.org/10.1057/9780230506114_2 Table 2.8
- 1913 43.7 Crude death rate per 1000 Katorga, Calculation Wheatcroft S.G. (2002) The Crisis of the Late Tsarist Penal System. In: Wheatcroft S.G. (eds) Challenging Traditional Views of Russian History. Studies in Russian and East European History and Society. Palgrave Macmillan, London. https://doi.org/10.1057/9780230506114_2 Table 2.8
- 1914 39.7 Crude death rate per 1000 Katorga, Calculation Wheatcroft S.G. (2002) The Crisis of the Late Tsarist Penal System. In: Wheatcroft S.G. (eds) Challenging Traditional Views of Russian History. Studies in Russian and East European History and Society. Palgrave Macmillan, London. https://doi.org/10.1057/9780230506114_2 Table 2.8
- 1915 54.0 Crude death rate per 1000 Katorga, Calculation Wheatcroft S.G. (2002) The Crisis of the Late Tsarist Penal System. In: Wheatcroft S.G. (eds) Challenging Traditional Views of Russian History. Studies in Russian and East European History and Society. Palgrave Macmillan, London. https://doi.org/10.1057/9780230506114_2 Table 2.8
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