2018-07-12 Grammar: quantifiers with "of"

Greg Malivuk
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http://www.pastebin.com/u/gmalivuk - notes from all classes
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Homework: p. 364 exercise 7 - Complete the sentences with true information. (Look at p. 363 Focus 3, about which quantifiers are singular or plural.)
1 Each student in this class has their own book.
2 Every teacher I have had was extremely competent.
3 Any English class can help you learn.
4 No student is obligated to do homework.
5 No teachers were late last week.
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exercise 8 - Make sentences with “both”, “either”, or “neither” for these pairs of people.
Both Lucas and Zhambyl did their homework today.
Neither Joao nor Camilo did their homework today.
You can work with either Joao or Camilo. (One or the other, but I don’t know or it doesn’t matter.)
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Using “of” with quantifiers
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Some people don’t like grammar.
Some of the people don’t like grammar.
	- If the noun is specific (with “the”), most quantifiers need “of”.
A couple friends will visit.
A couple of friends will visit.
	- “A couple” can be with or without “of” for nonspecific nouns (but must use it for specific)
All the students are here today.
All of the students are here today.
	- “All” can be with or without “of” for specific nouns (but can’t use it for nonspecific nouns)
A lot of people saw that movie.
A lot of the people saw that movie.
	- “a lot”, “a great deal”, “a number”, “a large amount” ALWAYS need “of”
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Exercise 9 - Complete these sentences with the quantifier, or quantifier + “of”
1 All / All the / All of the
2 Almost all
3 Most / Most of the
4 much of (“your” makes this specific, so we need “of”)
5 A great deal of
6 Some of
7 any of (“my” makes it specific)
8 little of
9 no / none of their
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Special Cases
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“much” is rarely used in simple affirmative statements. Use “a lot” instead.
	I have a lot of work to do. (NOT “I have much work to do.”)
(We can ask questions or make negative statements or modify “much” in affirmative, however.)
	Do you have much money?
	How much time does it take?
	I have too much to do.
	Much of my time is spent at work. (We can use “much” with specific nouns.)
“no” is always a determiner, “none” is a pronoun
	No students are here today. None came to class.
“every” needs “one” to be a pronoun
	Every student is here. Every one of them came.
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Homework (optional): exercise 10 and 11 (p. 366-367)