\documentclass[a4paper]{article}
\usepackage{tikz}

\begin{document}
\newcommand{\plotbars}[1]
{
    \begin{tikzpicture}
      \newcounter{length}
      \foreach \n [count=\k] in #1 {
        \stepcounter{length}
        \foreach \h in {1,...,\n} {
            \draw (\k * 2,\h) rectangle (\k * 2 + 1,\h + 1);
        }
        \node[draw] at (\k * 2 + 0.5, \n + 1.5) {\n};
        \node at (\k * 2 + 0.5, 0) {\k};
      }
      \draw (1,0.5) -- (\value{length} * 2 + 2, 0.5);
    \end{tikzpicture}
}

\begin{figure}
  \plotbars{{1,2,3,4,5}}
  \caption{Barchart 1}
\end{figure}
\end{document}