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Vendor/Module/view/frontend/templates/catalog/product/view/options/type/text.phtml.

<page xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:noNamespaceSchemaLocation="urn:magento:framework:View/Layout/etc/page_configuration.xsd">
    <body>
        <referenceContainer name="content">
            <referenceBlock name="product.info.options">
                <action method="setTemplate">
                    <argument name="text" xsi:type="string">Vendor_Module::catalog/product/view/options/type/text.phtml</argument>
                </action>
            </referenceBlock>
        </referenceContainer>
    </body>
</page>

<?php
$_option = $block->getOption();
$class = ($_option->getIsRequire()) ? ' required' : '';
?>