2014-09-08 Evening: participial phrases and adjectives

Greg Malivuk
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http://www.pastebin.com/u/gmalivuk
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Homework: p. 141-142 exercises 1-11
1 Having fought (fight happened before suffer)
2 Being (be in the hospital is at the same time as could)
3 demanding (he demanded the choice during the call)
4 Confused and shocked
5 Given / Having been given
6 Respecting (it's at the same time as "told the family")
7 Hearing (hearing at the same time as picturing)
8 (having been) destroyed
9 Lying (lie at the same time as listen)
10 Hoping (hope at the same time as think)
11 having been weaned (weaned before breathing independently)

"Unlike in active participial phrases, the time relationship in these phrases is not always significant....The perfect progressive participle (having + been + past participle) may also be used in descriptive cases in the passive voice." 141
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clause: a group of words with a subject and verb
"My father, who taught high school for 20 years, is now retired."
- "who taught high school for 20 years" is an adjective clause
- "My father is now retired." is the main clause

phrase: a group of words that isn't a clause
"My father retired after teaching for 20 years."
- "after teaching for 20 years" is an adverb (prepositional) phrase
- "My father retired" is the main clause

participial phrase: a phrase that begins with a participle
active=	present participle - verb(ing)
passive=past participle - eaten, been, gone, etc.

1
She fought Parkinson's for almost 10 years. (active voice)
She suffered a massive heart attack.
-> Having fought...years, she suffered a heart attack.
   ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ = adverbial phrase, about time

The movie, starring Jennifer Aniston, will open next month.
           ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ = adjective phrase, about the movie
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The movie, directed by Adam Sandler, stars Jennifer Aniston.
           ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ = passive participial phrase / adjective phrase about the movie

passive phrases are *usually* adjective phrases
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bored		boring
confused	confusing
interested	interesting
relaxed		relaxing
surprised	surprising
excited		exciting

passive		active
objects		subjects
feelings	causes of feelings

1 I think it's very irritating when students come in late.
2 Mrs. Barnett seemed worried that she might not have...
3 They were really exhausted after they had walked...
4 The astonishing tricks of magicians are revealed...
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compound (grammar): two or more things put together

He is a well-known actor. (He is known well by people.)
The all-knowing wizard answered my questions. (He knows all.)

It was a well-planned trip because we'd had a trip-planning meeting.

homemade, handmade, home-cooked, machine-made

She has a stress-induced injury. (caused by stress)
It is a stress-inducing activity. (it causes stress)

She has a three-legged dog.
A one-eyed, one-legged pirate captured the ship.
He was looking for the six-fingered man.
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(The last day of the next session is Wednesday, October 22.)
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1 bored
2 interesting
3 annoying
4 amazed
5 interested
6 annoyed
7 amazing
8 boring
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Hangman