/**
 * @var MagentoEavModelResourceModelEntityAttribute
 */
protected $_eavAttribute;
/**
 * @param   Context                                           $context
 * @param   MagentoEavModelResourceModelEntityAttribute $eavAttribute
 */
public function __construct(
    Context $context,
    MagentoEavModelResourceModelEntityAttribute $eavAttribute
)
{
    $this->_eavAttribute = $eavAttribute;
    parent::__construct($context);
}

//Call the getIdByCode method of Attribute in any method

$attributeId = $this->_eavAttribute->getIdByCode('customer', 'company_name');