2019-07-30 Level 6: Unit 5 - substitution, roads

Greg Malivuk
[email protected]
http://www.pastebin.com/u/gmalivuk - notes from all classes
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In pairs, tell your partner about a journey or trip you have taken. It can be the longest, or the most interesting, the best, or the worst. Share impressions or feelings about the experience.
---p. 57 - What city is in the picture? Have you been there? Would you want to live there?
- What other cities have you enjoyed visiting, that you wouldn’t want to live in?
- Are there cities you think are overrated?
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part 3 - Do these words describe People, Locations, or Both? (Use a dictionary if you and your partner both don’t know a word.)
people: lazy, affable, officious, wary
locations: cozy, grand
both: romantic, lively, elegant
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https://books.google.com/ngrams/ - Compare the frequency of words and phrases in English books.
- You can also check for specific parts of speech. “grand *_NOUN” shows the top ten nouns that follow the word “grand”.
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Use these (or other) adjectives to describe a city and its people.
- Boston
- your favorite city
- your least favorite city
- your hometown
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Do you know any famous books written in or about your country? Do you think they give an accurate picture?
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BREAK
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p. 58 part 2 - Listen to part of a radio program and complete the chart.
1 travelogue
2 1970s, Indus Valley and the Himalayas
3 a trip the author took with her six-year-old daughter
4 wonderful, gripping
part 3 - Listen again and choose the answer.
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“It’s dangerous enough at the best of times.” = Even if everything is the best possible, it’s pretty dangerous. And if it’s not the best of times, it’s even more dangerous.
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Adjectives with -ing:
gripping, falling, raging
The book is gripping because it “grips” your attention.
Your boyfriend should be understanding because he understands your problems.
- The -ing form means the noun does this verb.
(The past participle means the action is completed, or that the noun received the action.)
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Look at the audio script on p. 177. What do the highlighted phrases mean?
a the girl = the author’s daughter
b This = the trip she wrote about
c one = book
d to do so = to travel in this region
e does = complains
f this = the fact that she doesn’t complain
g that = the criticism that Murphy can be political
h others = other books
i the former = (places being ruined by) technological progress
  (“the latter” would mean places ruined by Western ideas)
j the same thing = that places are being ruined by these things
k not = not to send a political message
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English has several words that refer to exactly two things:
former / latter
both
neither
either
[comparative forms]
between
rather
whether
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Language Focus: substitution
- To avoid repetition and be more concise, we often substitute words for other words and phrases.
p. 59 - examples
full clauses:
	Did you leave the stove on?
	I don’t think so.
	Do you want to go to the party?
	I’d rather not.
	I studied very hard. That’s why I passed.
		(“that” = the fact that I studied very hard)
verb phrases:
	I really enjoy pineapple on pizza, but the Italians don’t.
	I enjoy pineapple, and Sheryl does too.
ellipsis:
	She wasn’t the first person to write about this region, but she still wanted to.
		(She still wanted to write about this region.)
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part 7 - Use the words in the box to replace the underlined phrases in the text.
1 doesn’t
2 this
3 a trip
4 others
5 a lot
6 it
7 [nothing]
8 to do so
9 one
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Vocabulary: roads and ways
p. 58 part 5 - Answer the questions about these pairs of words to make sure you understand the differences.
1 ascent = up, descent = down (The verb forms are “ascend” and “descend”.)
2 path
3 course
4 trail
5 street (As a generic term, “street” usually refers to city streets. However, a road can have the name “Street” anywhere.)
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Homework: read the “Zombie Nouns” article from https://opinionator.blogs.nytimes.com/2012/07/23/zombie-nouns/
- What are nominalizations?
- How does the author feel about them? Why?
- Underline all the nominalizations you can find in the article. (Many are alread italicized, but not all.)