2017-07-20 Grammar: this and that

Greg Malivuk
[email protected]
http://www.pastebin.com/u/gmalivuk - notes from all classes
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Homework: p. 335-336 exercise 1
2 a them
  b these
  c this/the
  d this/the
  e these/the
  f this/that
  g that/this
3 a It
  b a/the/this
  c It
4 a He
  b the
  c The/Those
  d they
  e the
  f The/This
  g the
5 a this/that/the
  b It
  c It
  d it
  e it/this
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Forward- and backward-pointing reference:
- forward-pointing reference refers to something that comes later in the text
- backward-pointing refers to something that was already mentioned before
(Backward-pointing is generally more common in writing, especially for “that” and “those”.)
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p. 337 exercise 2 - Do 2, 3, 4, 5 with your partner.
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p. 338 - The choice between “this”/“that” or “it” usually comes down to emphasis.
A: She didn’t get the promotion.
B: I knew it! = This was my prediction and I’m not surprised.
B: I knew that! = I already learned that information.
C: I don’t believe it! = I’m really surprised.
C: I don’t believe that. = I genuinely don’t believe you.
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A: Don’t leave your oven on when you go to school.
B: I’m smarter than that. = I’m too smart to do something so stupid.
B: I’m smarter than it. = I’m smarter than the oven.
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Mark’s dog escaped from his yard.
B: I was afraid of that. = I was worried that this would happen.
B: I was afraid of it. = I was afraid of the dog.
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“that” often refers back to a statement or information from earlier in the conversation
“it” generally refers to a specific noun
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p. 339 exercise 3 - With your partner, do 6-12. (1-5 can be a demonstrative or “it”, but most of 6-12 can only be one.)
6 that (maybe “it”)
7 it (maybe “that”)
8 it (maybe “that”)
9 It
10 That (maybe “it”)
11 that
12 That
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Homework (optional): p. 342 activity 1 - Add punctuation to make this into (4) correct sentences:
	that that is is that that is not is not isn’t that it it is
(You could also do: James while John had had had had had had had had had had had the teacher’s approval.)