2018-07-10 TOEFL: word roots, reading summary

Greg Malivuk
[email protected]
http://www.pastebin.com/u/gmalivuk - notes from all classes
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Word Roots - List 4 - With your partner, try to think of one or two words to explain the meaning of each word root.
icon (iconography, iconoclast, iconic) = image
idio (idiomatic, idiosyncrasy, idiot) = oneself
il/im/in/ir (illegal, impossible, inconsiderate, irresponsible) = not
il/im/in/ir (illuminate, impress, inhale, irradiate) = in
	Spelling:
	il before L
	im before M, B, P (immobile, immigrate, imbalance, imbue)
	ir before R
	in before all other letters
infra (infrastructure, infrared) = under
inter (interview, international, intercept) = between
intra/intro (intravenous, introvert) = inside/into
ject (interject, eject) = throw/thrust
junct (junction, conjunction, adjunct) = join
kine (kinetic, kinesthetic, telekinesis) = movement
lab (labor, collaborate, elaborate) = work
lex/lect (lexical, dyslexia, lecture, dialect) = word/reading (“lect” can also mean something like “choose”, from the idea that you select words when you use them)
loc (location, dislocation, relocate) = place
luc (translucent, elucidate) = light
lum (illuminate, lumen) = light
macro (macroeconomics, macroevolution) = big (in size)
magni (magnify, magnificent, magnate) = great (in size, quality, or importance)
mal (malpractice, malaria, malicious) = bad
man/mani/manu (manual, maneuver, manuscript) = hand
mar (marine, maritime) = sea/ocean
mega (megabyte, megastructure, megalith) = huge (and a unit prefix for 1,000,000)
meta (metamorphosis, metastasis) = change
meta (metaphysics, metacognition, metadata) = beyond/about (Metacognition is thinking about thought.)
micro (microscope, microphone, microbe) = tiny (and a unit prefix for 1/1,000,000)
migr (immigrate, migrant) = move (from one place to another)
mis (misbehave, misnomer) = wrong/incorrect
miss/mit (dismiss, transmit, missile) = send
mono (monochromatic, monotonous, monologue) = one
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TOEFL Test: four sections, four hours, 120 points total, 30 points per section, $200
1 reading: 60-80 minutes, 3 or 4 passages, about 14 questions per passage
2 listening: 60-90 minutes, 2 or 3 sets of 3 passages (17 questions per set, 10 minutes to choose answers)
	(10-minute break)
3 speaking: 20 minutes total, 6 tasks, 5.5 minutes of speaking time
4 writing: about 60 minutes total, 2 tasks, 20+30 minutes of writing time
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Reading Question Types:
- fact
- negative fact
- vocabulary
- paraphrase
- purpose
- inference
- reference/pronoun
- sentence insertion
- summarize
- organize
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DELTA p. 150 describes summary questions and some common wrong answer.
Look at the answer choices on p. 151 (without reading the text on p. 150). Do any of these seem like minor details?
- The dulcimer was…
- The gramophone replaced…
If you read the passage, you’ll see that “Composers were slow…” is not mentioned.
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If you don’t answer it, you’ll get exactly 0 points on this question.
If you randomly guess, you’ll get an average of 0.55 points on this question.
If you can (correctly) eliminate one answer, you’ll get an average of 0.8 points.
If you can eliminate two answers, you’ll get an average of 1.25 points.
(If you can eliminate three answers, then you get everything correct for 2 points.)

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p. 152 - Take 3 minutes to read the passage and choose the most important ideas.
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BREAK
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A C F
not E - This is just a specific example.
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p. 153 - Take 3 minutes for this one. Then compare your answer with your partner. If you disagree, convince your partner of why your answer is correct.
B E F
Continue for the rest of 1.8.A.
3 B D E
4 A B E
5 A C E
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p. 157 exercise 1.8.B - Take 5 minutes to answer the questions about Mathematicians.
1 D - paraphrase
2 A - fact
3 C - vocabulary
4 B C E
p. 159-160 - Do the same for the passage about white-collar crime.
5 B - purpose
6 C - vocabulary
7 A - paraphrase
8 A C F
p. 161-162 - Take 5 minutes
1 C
2 B
3 A
4 B D E
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Homework: finish exercise 1.8.C in your book (p. 162 and 163) and complete the handout (Cambridge), p. 218-222 exercise R23