2015-12-15 Core: 11 uncontacted tribes

Greg Malivuk
[email protected]
http://www.pastebin.com/u/gmalivuk - notes from all classes
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p. 129 part 2 - complete the sentences in two ways and discuss with your partner whether the statements you make are true for you
1 I don’t have to read the whole text. / I know whether I like the news or not.
2 inconvenient. / dirty. / boring. / depressing.
3 sometimes it’s just a way to make you interested. / sometimes it’s not real. / everyone has personal opinions that affect how they write the news. / it’s exaggerated and sensationalistic.
4 I don’t like sports. / other news is really interesting, too.

clickbait: text for a “headline” or link that doesn’t give any real information, but makes you want to click to read the page and find out
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Next week: No class Friday, December 25. No modules Thursday, December 24. Longer modules Monday (December 21) through Wednesday (December 23)
Module 1: 12:30-1:30
Module 2: 1:45-2:45
Module 3: 3:00-4:00

Classes will start again on Monday, January 4, 2016.
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p. 129 part 1 - what kinds of articles could you find in these sections of a newspaper?
features: not normally part of the daily newspaper, but an extra couple of pages about an interesting different topic

human interest story: a story that may not have big implications for politics or the economy, but it’s interesting to read because of the people and emotions involved
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Where do you think the people in the picture are from?
What other places might have undiscovered languages?
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p. 130: Does “uncontacted” mean they have never had any contact with other people?
The quotation marks around “uncontacted” are sometimes called “scare quotes”, and they mean that this is a word some people use, but I (the writer) don’t necessary believe it is accurate.
Read the article about the “uncontacted” tribe.

footage: video recording (from a time when film was measured in feet of length)

deforestation: removing forested areas for logging or farming on the land
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BREAK
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p. 131 part 5 - What were the exact words these people or organizations said?
1 is
2 is
3 We
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When the reporting verb (like “said” or “reported”) is in a past tense (simple, perfect, etc.), then we usually change the tenses in reported speech.
They said, “The tribe is under threat.” -> They said that the tribe was under threat.

When the reporting verb is in a present or future tense, we don’t change the tenses in reported speech.
They say, “The tribe is under threat.” -> They say that the tribe is under threat.
They will say, “The tribe is under threat.” -> They will say that the tribe is under threat.
(We still need to change other “pointing” words like pronouns and here/there.)
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Tense changes for past reported speech (also called “backshifting”):
Direct -> Indirect
Present -> Past (simple, continuous, and perfect)
will -> would
can -> could
may -> might (if it’s about future possibility)
am/is/are going to -> was/were going to
simple past -> past perfect
past continuous -> past perfect continuous
(past perfect -> past perfect)
(would/could/might -> would/could/might)
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p. 131 part 7 - find six more examples of reported speech in the article, and change them to direct speech
1 David Hill explained, “My organization isn’t suggesting that the tribe has never had any contact with the outside world, but that they now live without it.”
2 The Peruvian government suggested, “The story is no more than a strategy by groups opposed to development of the area’s resources.”
3 Survival International said, “The images spread across the world within minutes.” (simple past)
4 A typical post asked, “Why has nobody done anything to save these tribes?” (present perfect, because it’s still possible to do something to save them in the future)
5 The Peruvian government announced, “We will work with the Brazilian authorities to stop illegal logging in the area.”
6 A Funai spokesperson said later, “One image has had more impact than one thousand reports.”
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part 8 - choose who probably said these things, and report their speech
1 A Funai spokesperson said that they had taken the photos to show that those people existed.
2 An anonymous poster asked how many tribes like that there were.
3 A language expert said that the term ‘uncontacted’ was more of a media word than a scientific term.
  (This is an always-true fact: ...said that the term ‘uncontacted’ is more of a media word…)
4 A Peruvian government official asked if/whether unseen tribes existed.
5 A Peruvian government official said that there was no evidence (that) they existed.
6 A Funai spokesperson said that if they don’t save those tribes, this will happen to all of us.
  (I, the person reporting this, believe that it is still a possibility for the future.)

Last Thursday she said, “If it rains tomorrow, I will stay at home.”
-> Last Thursday she said that if it rained the next day, she would stay at home.

Last Thursday she said, “If I won a million dollars, I would quit my job.”
-> Last Thursday she said that if she won a million dollars, she would quit her job.

(First conditional and second conditional both look like second conditional in reported speech.)
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Statements - use “that” (optionally)
Information questions - use the same question word, but don’t use question order for the sentence
Yes/No questions - use “if” or “whether”, but don’t use question order for the sentence

She asked, “Where is the bank?” -> She asked where the bank was.
She asked, “Is this your bank?” -> She asked if that was my bank.
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Homework: p. 171 practice 1