>>> dct = {'x': 1, 'y': 2, 'z': 3}
>>> dct
{'y': 2, 'x': 1, 'z': 3}
>>> dct["y"]
2

>>> x = "spam"
>>> z = {x: "eggs"}
>>> z["spam"]
'eggs'

var1 = 'foo'
var2 = 'bar'
var3 = 'baz'
...

l = ['foo', 'bar', 'baz']
print(l[1])           # prints bar, because indices start at 0
l.append('potatoes')  # l is now ['foo', 'bar', 'baz', 'potatoes']

obj.spam = 'eggs'
name = 'spam'
getattr(obj, name)  # returns 'eggs'

>>> a = 10
>>> globals()['a']
10

$foo = "bar"
$$foo = "baz"

mydict = {}
foo = "bar"
mydict[foo] = "baz"

my_calculator.button_0 = tkinter.Button(root, text=0)
my_calculator.button_1 = tkinter.Button(root, text=1)
my_calculator.button_2 = tkinter.Button(root, text=2)
...

for i in range(10):
    my_calculator.('button_%d' % i) = tkinter.Button(root, text=i)

my_calculator.buttons = []
for i in range(10):
    my_calculator.buttons.append(tkinter.Button(root, text=i))

my_calculator.buttons = [tkinter.Button(root, text=i) for i in range(10)]

keyword_1 = 'apple'
keyword_2 = 'banana'

if query == keyword_1 or query == keyword_2:
    print('Match.')

keywords = {'apple', 'banana'}
if query in keywords:
    print('Match.')

#using dictionary
variables = {}
variables["first"] = 34
variables["second"] = 45
print variables["first"], variables["second"]

#using namedtuple
Variables = namedtuple('Variables', ['first', 'second'])
vars = Variables(34, 45)
print vars.first, vars.second

def var_of_var(k, v):
    globals()[k] = v

print variable_name # NameError: name 'variable_name' is not defined
some_name = 'variable_name'
globals()[some_name] = 123
print variable_name # 123

some_name = 'variable_name2'
var_of_var(some_name, 456)
print variable_name2 # 456

import sys
current_module = module = sys.modules[__name__]  # i.e the "file" where your code is written
setattr(current_module, 'variable_name', 15)  # 15 is the value you assign to the var
print(variable_name)  # >>> 15, created from a string

class Variables(object):
    def __init__(self):
        self.foo = "initial_variable"
    def create_new_var(self,name,value):
        setattr(self,name,value)
    def get_var(self,name):
        if hasattr(self,name):
            return getattr(self,name)
        else:
            raise("Class does not have a variable named: "+name)

v = Variables()
v.get_var("foo")

v.create_new_var(v.foo,"is actually not initial")
v.initial_variable

from types import SimpleNamespace

variables = {"b":"B","c":"C"}
a = SimpleNamespace(**v)
setattr(a,"g","G")
a.g = "G+"
something = a.a

from variableVariablesManager import VariableVariablesManager

myVars = VariableVariablesManager()
myVars['test'] = 25
print(myVars['test'])

# define a const variable
myVars.defineConstVariable('myconst', 13)
try:
    myVars['myconst'] = 14 # <- this raises an error, since 'myconst' must not be changed
    print("not allowed")
except AttributeError as e:
    pass

# rename a variable
myVars.renameVariable('myconst', 'myconstOther')

# preserve locality
def testLocalVar():
    myVars = VariableVariablesManager()
    myVars['test'] = 13
    print("inside function myVars['test']:", myVars['test'])
testLocalVar()
print("outside function myVars['test']:", myVars['test'])

# define a global variable
myVars.defineGlobalVariable('globalVar', 12)
def testGlobalVar():
    myVars = VariableVariablesManager()
    print("inside function myVars['globalVar']:", myVars['globalVar'])
    myVars['globalVar'] = 13
    print("inside function myVars['globalVar'] (having been changed):", myVars['globalVar'])
testGlobalVar()
print("outside function myVars['globalVar']:", myVars['globalVar'])

myVars = VariableVariablesManager(enforceSameTypeOnOverride = True)
myVars['test'] = 25
myVars['test'] = "Cat" # <- raises Exception (different type on overwriting)

# some list of variable names
L = ['a', 'b', 'c']

class Variables:
    def __init__(self, L):
        for item in L:
            self.__dict__[item] = 100

v = Variables(L)
print(v.a, v.b, v.c)
#will produce 100 100 100