2017-07-31 Grammar: infinitives overview

Greg Malivuk
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http://www.pastebin.com/u/gmalivuk - notes from all classes
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Gerunds and Infinitives
gerunds: verb(ing) form used as a noun
infinitives: to + base form (also sometimes used like a noun phrase)
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They can be used in different positions:
A - Subject: Swimming is my favorite sport.
	To swim across the English Channel is very difficult.
	(more common: It’s very difficult to swim across the English Channel.)
B - Object (of a preposition): I’m excited about swimming. (only gerunds)
C - Object (of a verb): I enjoy swimming. I like swimming.
	I like to swim. I hope to swim tomorrow.
D - After an adjective or adverb: I’m excited to swim with dolphins. (only infinitives)
(E - Other)
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Handout p. 89 exercise 1 - Underline the gerund and infinitive phrases on this page, and identify how they’re used by letter.
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After nouns, we usually use gerunds if it’s about how an experience was (good time, hard time, problems, difficulty, good luck, bad luck, etc.) and infinitives in other cases.
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Infinitives of purpose can go at the end of a sentence, after any other type of word.
Who did you go with to get groceries? (after a preposition, but not the object of a preposition)
Choose a game you enjoy to bring to the party.
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p. 92 exercise 4 - “Interview” four other people (not your last partner) to answer these questions.
1 His family expects him to study at a US university.
  They expect him not to fail any classes.
2 She likes to treat people with respect.
  She likes to be treated with patience by her teachers.
3 His teachers expect him to put away his phone at the beginning of class.
  His teachers expect him to have done his homework before the beginning of class.
4 She plans to go on vacation.
  She plans to be ___ing.
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p. 94 exercise 5 - Identify who or what does the bold action in each sentence. (In other words, identify the agent.)