Select Statement -

- Whitespace DOESN'T matter
- '*' selects ALL columns
- 'TOP N' will return the top 'N' rows from table

Example:
SELECT
	TOP N column_name(s)
FROM
	table_name


- 'DISTINCT' will return only unique values, not counting duplicates
    + if done on multiple columns, it will return all unique combinations of these columns

Example:
SELECT
	column_name(s)
FROM
	table_name


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Filtering data -

- Primarily done using the 'WHERE' clause
    + statements that evaluate to 'true' or 'false' for each row

Example:
SELECT
	column_name(s)
FROM
	table_name
WHERE
	condition(s)

- Comparing strings with wildcards, use the 'LIKE' keyword
    + The '%' character represent 0, 1, or more of any character
	- WHERE column1 LIKE 'Foo%' ; will match anything that starts with 'Foo'
	- WHERE column1 LIKE '%Bar' ; will match anything that ends with 'Bar'
    + The '_' character represents a single instance of any character
	- WHERE column1 LIKE '_bc' ; will match anything that starts with a single character, followed by 'bc'

Example:
SELECT
	column_name(s)
FROM
	table_name
WHERE
	column LIKE 'value%'
	OR
	column LIKE '_value'

- Checking Null values
    + Normal operators DO NOT WORK on null values
    + To check for null: WHERE column1 IS NULL
    + To check for NOT null: WHERE column1 IS NOT NULL

Example:
SELECT
	column_name(s)
FROM
	table_name
WHERE
	column value IS NULL
	OR
	column value IS NOT NULL


- Comparing to a collection
    + Use the 'IN' keyword, followed by the collection

Example:
SELECT
	column_name(s)
FROM
	table_name
WHERE
	column IN (value1, value2, ...)

- Comparing to a range
     + You can compare against a range of values
     + To do this, use 'BETWEEN' keyword, followed by the min and max values

Example:
SELECT
	column_name(s)
FROM
	table_name
WHERE
	column BETWEEN value1 AND value2

- Combining where conditions
    + You can combine more than 1 codition in a single where clause
    + Use any combination ofthe 'AND' and 'OR' keywords
    + Use parenthese () to group conditions together and control logic

Example:
SELECT
	column_name(s)
FROM
	table_name
WHERE
	(column1 = value1 AND column2 = value2) OR column3 = value3


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Sorting data -
- Assume all result sets are unsorted
- Use the 'ORDER BY' keyword to sort the data
- Use 'ASC' or 'DESC' to control the sort direction

Example:
SELECT
	column_name(s)
FROM
	table_name
ORDER BY
	column ASC
	OR
	column DESC