documentclass{article}
usepackage[ngerman]{babel}
usepackage{fontspec}
defaultfontfeatures{Ligatures=TeX}

directlua{fonts.handlers.otf.addfeature
{
    name = "ktest",
    type = "kern",
    data = {["-"] = { ["V"] =  -300 }}}
}

setmainfont[RawFeature=+ktest]{Times New Roman}

begin{document}obeylines
Test-Versuch
Test"=Versuch
Test"~Versuch
end{document}