2017-10-23 Grammar: intro to passive

Greg Malivuk
[email protected]
http://www.pastebin.com/u/gmalivuk - notes from all classes
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Homework (optional): p. 158 exercise 8
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1 death-defying
2 store-bought
3 weight-reducing
4 well-trained
5 love-starved
6 handheld
7 long-haired
8 time-consuming
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Handout p. 215 pretest - Individually decide if you think each sentence is correct or incorrect. Then check with your partner and try to fix the incorrect sentences.
1 I - no “was”
2 I - “was checked”
3 C
4 C
5 C
6 I - “will be read”
7 I - “should have been”
8 I - “finished”
9 I - “is married”
10 C
11 I - “getting”
12 I - “bored”
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exercise 1 - Which picture does each sentence refer to?
1 A
2 A
3 B
4 B
5 A
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Passive Voice (the main other voice in English is active)
passive = [be] + past participle
remember: “be” is also used in progressive aspect, and past participle is in the perfect aspect
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We can use passive in every tense, by changing [be] for the tense and then adding the past participle of the main verb after it.
They are building a new building. -> A new building is being built.
They have built a new building. -> A new building has been built.
They built a new building. -> A new building was built.
They might build a new building here. -> A new building might be built here.
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Note: It’s possible to use passive voice with perfect progressive, but it’s very uncommon (and when we use it, we almost always use “get” instead of “be”.)
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p. 218 exercise 5 - change each sentence to passive
1 The door is opened by Tom.
2 The door is being opened by Tom.
3 The door has been opened by Tom.
4 The door was opened by Tom.
5 The door was being opened by Tom.
6 The door had been opened by Tom.
7 The door will be opened by Tom.
8 The door is going to be opened by Tom.
9 The door will have been opened by Tom.
10 Was the door opened by Tom?
11 Will the door be opened by Tom?
12 Has the door been opened by Tom.
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In a passive sentence, the receiver of a verb becomes the subject.
If a verb doesn’t have a receiver, it cannot be passive.
The spider killed the fly. -> The fly was killed by the spider. (“kill” has an object/receiver)
The fly died. -> NO PASSIVE (“die” doesn’t have an object/receiver)
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subject/object = the role in a sentence
agent/reciever = the role in the world
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Homework: p. 218-219 exercise 7 - Put a check mark next to the correct sentences and fix the incorrect sentences.