2020-02-03 Grammar: gerunds+infinitives intro

Greg Malivuk
[email protected]
http://www.pastebin.com/u/gmalivuk - Notes from all classes
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Homework (optional): Decide what “it” can mean in 7-12.
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In questions and some answers, we can use “it” for people, such as, “Who is it?” “It’s my mom.”
“I’m Greg.” - This introduces me, for example if we haven’t met before.
“This is Greg.” or “It’s Greg.” - This tells you who’s calling or writing a message to you.
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“Find Someone Who” activity - Ask your classmates and me yes/no questions to find people do these things. Ask for more information if they answer “yes”.
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Remember, in American English, we usually say “on the weekend”, not “at”.
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What two forms are the second verbs in each sentence?
- infinitives: to + base form
- gerunds: verb(ing) form, used like a noun
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In some cases, there are simple rules to decide which form to use:
gerunds
	- after prepositions: After eating, I do the dishes. / I’m worried about failing my test.
	- as the subject: Smoking is unhealthy. / Reading in bed makes me tired.
	- after some nouns (especially with “have”): I had a good time exercising. / She has trouble sleeping.
	- after some verbs (more about this later)

infinitives
	- after adjectives and adverbs: I was happy to help. / It’s too cold to go swimming.
	- to express purpose: I went to the store to buy milk. / Who did you go with to get food?
	- after some nouns: I made a decision to travel. / It’s time to go.
	- after some verbs (more later)
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engVid handout
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Some verbs always go with the gerund:
	I enjoy studying. / I dislike exercising. / We don’t tolerate cheating.
	(Some of these change to gerund if there’s an object: I advise studying. / I advise you to study.)
Some verbs always go with the infinitive:
	I want to go. / She pretended to be a princess. / He didn’t choose to work here.
Some verbs can go with gerund or infinitive, with the same meaning:
	I like to watch movies. = I like watching movies.
	It started to rain. = It started raining.
	(If possible, we try to avoid double “ing”, like “starting raining”.)
Some verbs change meaning depending on whether it’s a gerund or an infinitive:
	I stopped eating fast food. = I quit this activity. I don’t eat fast food any more.
	I stopped to eat fast food. = I stopped another activity for the purpose of eating fast food.
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Homework: “Gerund and Infinitive Master” handout - Write the correct form of each verb on the line.
	1 - In American English we would use “review” in this sentence.
	17 - In American English we would say, “It needs to be cleaned.”
	23 - “Fancy” as a verb is much less common in American English, but it’s basically “like” or “want”.
Use the other handout as a reference.