page 2 page 30
 1- water supply
 water supply works consist of :
1-collection
2-Treatment works
3-Distribution works

*studies Required for water supply projects :
1-Resoures of water
2-DEsign period determinate
3-The water consumption
4-Area properties (planning Topography)
5-population
6-Location

*first:Water Resources
a-Rain (storm water)
b-Ground water
c-Surface water (Lakes,Rivers,Oceans)
second:Design period :(30-60)years that is mean after 60 years the problem.
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 page:31
 * factors effecting on design period:
 a-virtual age for different components
 b-cost (operation,construction,...)
 c-Grow of population
 d-water consumption
 f-labor skills

Thurid: the water consumption :
ueses of water : domestic , commerical , Industrial public.
= factors effecting on water consumption :
1-weather
2-stanclarol of living
3-size of community
4-Metering system and cost
5-water puality
6-sewaye facilities
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page 32 *factors effect on population Increase :
1-Transportation facilies
2-commerical and Industrial activites
3-culture of community
4-WaR and disease
5-stauderd living of people
6-lmmiqration .
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 page 33
 fifth : location : factors effecting on chooise the intake :
1-the location with recpect to the source of polution .
2-The choracter of intake surrounding (depth,floods and storm,effect of currant,)

types of intakes : a-pipe intake , b-shore , c-tower , d-submerged
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page 34
 we need for water Distribution Work the following :
1-storge and distribution Reser voiR (Tank)
2-pumping station of posters
3-fitting and valve
4-pipe network
*type of storage
a-Ground Reservoid . b-elevated Tauk

*purpose of Graind ReservoiR :
1-storge for desinfection
2-storeg for emergency
3-storage for fire demancl
4-storage for differance between maximam daily and maximum morthly consumption .

*purpases of elevated Tank .
1-cover 20% of fire demand
2-enlance water pressure in network
3-protect network against water Hammer
4-cover fluctaution in water concumption thro day
5-cover differnce between maximum horly cosumption and maximum daily production .
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 page 35. position of elevated tank in network :
1- After pumping station
2-at a mid of city
3-At end of city

*planning of water distribution system :
1-Loop system : Grade pattern with central on Group
2-Tree system : or (pattern with dead end)

advanteges of tree system :
1-Easy to calculate
2-very simple to do

Disadvanteges of tree sys:
1-pressure at ends is low
2-presend dead end

 advantges of loop sys:
1-the flow in mor than one direction
2-missing in energy in very low
3-the pressure is on all points .

Disadvanteges of loop sys:
1-no.of value is more than other
2-coplex calculation
3-mor cost to enlarge the pipe
4-incresed in intersections
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 page 36.
type of pipe
1-cast iron
2-steel
3-PE (poly Ethaline)

*The fitting which used :
1-Elbows
2-Reduces

*Type of valves
1-Air valves
2-pressure release valve
3-non Return (check) valve
4-Fire hydrate valve
5-sluice valve (a-valve ,b-butterfly valves)
6-wash valve
7-floate valve

important notes
-the economic velocity (0.8=1.3)mlsec = 1m/s
-maximum velocity 3 mlsec
if it increase over 3 mlusec lead to pipe erosion .

-min.velocity 0.6 m/s
it leads to increase in area of pipe and in head loss

-in case of indicate fiRe velocity = 2m/s
-the pressure
in the network sys
not more than (60-70)m H2O

-the minimum pressure is 25 m H2O

*method of calculating head loss :
1-Darcy law   2-Hazen and williams  equ .thanks for my god ,ended them **
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