# Lookup List
fruits <- c("guava","avocado", "apricots","kiwifruit","banana")
vegies <- c("tomatoes", "asparagus", "peppers", "broccoli", "leafy greens")

# Patterns
foods <- c("guava", "banana", "broccoli")
patterns <- str_c(foods, collapse="|")

# Sample Sentence
sentence <- "I want to eat banana and broccoli!"


typeOfFood <- function(foods) {

  if( foods %in% fruits ){
    type <- "FRUITS"
  }
  else if( foods %in% vegies ){
    type <- "VEGIES"
  }
  paste0(foods,"(",type,")")

}

str_replace_all(sentence, patterns, typeOfFood)

[1] "I want to eat banana(FRUITS) and broccoli(VEGIES)!"

sentence <- "I want to eat BANANA and Broccoli!"

[1] "I want to eat BANANA(FRUITS) and Broccoli(VEGIES)!"