2017-11-09 Grammar: this/that/it

Greg Malivuk
[email protected]
http://www.pastebin.com/u/gmalivuk - notes from all classes
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Homework: p. 335-336 exercise 1 - Complete the sentences with demonstratives, articles, or pronouns
2 a them (After using “these” to refer to the folders once, we wouldn’t use it again unless we started talking about a different collection of things.)
  b these/those (depending on where they are - near the speaker or the listener?)
  c the (or “this” or “that” if the speaker is pointing)
  d the (or “this” or “that” if the speaker is pointing)
  e the/these/those
  f this/that
  g this/that
3 a It (referring again to the same computer, so don’t use the demostrative)
  b this / that (instead of another kind of laptop) / the / a (instead of a desktop, for example)
  c It (whatever you have for [b], this refers again to the same thing, so don’t repeat a demonstrative)
4 a It (referring again to the same report)
  b the (we still don’t need to “point” because it’s still the same report)
  c Those / The (Probably not “these”, because the guidelines were from before, when Mr. Green had explained them.)
  d they (same guidelines again, so don’t repeat the demonstrative)
  e the / that
  f The / That (maybe “This” if the speaker is involved in the situation)
  g the / those
5 a this (if I’m holding it) / that (if I’m pointing at it) / the (if I’m not pointing) / a (if simply having a fountain pen in the first place is surprising to me)
  b It (or “this” if I’ve just picked it up)
  c It (or “this” if I’ve just picked it up)
  d it
  e it (or “this” if I’ve just picked it up or am pointing at a specific part of the pen in my hand, or “that” if it’s a specific part of the pen in your hand)
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Demonstratives can point forward or backward in a sentence or paragraph.
- that/those almost always point backwards
- this/these sometimes point forward, but usually require a colon :
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“that” can also be a conjunction (“I believe that it will rain tomorrow.”) or a relative pronoun (“the book that I read last week”). You don’t need to circle it in these cases, because it’s not a demonstrative pronoun or determiner.
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p. 337 exercise 2 - Circle the demonstratives (pronouns or determiners) and underline the things they refer to. Draw an arrow if the connection is unclear.
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Homework (optional): read p. 338 and do p. 339 exercise 3