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Mexican-US Relations (Latin American Studies)

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  1. Introduction
  2.  
  3. The multifaceted history of Mexican and US relationships began in the later 18th century with the arrival of Yankee merchants in Tampico, and then in Veracruz and Matamoros. The early business ties then grew in depth and complexity, including war, as the early contacts evolved during the course of the 19th century up to the present. During the Porfiriato (1876–1911) US economic penetration literally overwhelmed Mexican competitors. The Revolution of 1910 brought ever wider and deeper cultural and governmental interactions including interventions by the US armed forces. Today, the magnitude of the US-Mexican relationship, considering immigration, economic, political, cultural and environmental effects, is central to understanding the present and future of each of the two nations.
  4.  
  5. General Overviews
  6.  
  7. The last 190 years have witnessed events of enormous importance and unsurpassed complexity. The historiography of US-Mexico relations has often suffered from a decontexualized focus on the two nations in isolation. The more sweeping analysis offered by these texts offer a backdrop intended to solve that problem. Carreno 1961, Cue Canovas 1970, Cline 1963, Langley 1991, and Meyer and Zoraida Vazquez 1982 present comprehensive overviews. Tello and Reynolds 1981, and Cosio Villegas 1961 offer more thematic emphases.
  8.  
  9. Carreno, Alberto Maria. La diplomacia extraordinaria entre Mexico y los estados unidos, 1749–1947. Mexico City: Editorial Jus, 1961.
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  11. This work presents useful texts and treats the otherwise neglected earlier time period.
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  13. Cue Canovas, Agustin. Los Estados Unidos y el Mexico olvidado. New York: Arno, 1970.
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  15. Offered by one of Mexico’s most important historians of foreign relations, this work offers a sense of Mexican nationalism.
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  17. Cline, Howard. The United States and Mexico. New York: Atheneum, 1963.
  18. DOI: 10.4159/harvard.9780674497061Save Citation »Export Citation »E-mail Citation »
  19. A classic work offering a comprehensive history and treatment of explosive issues and notations of sources. It was written from an American perspective, but is the most intensive coverage of US-Mexican relations ever written.
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  21. Cosio Villegas, Daniel. La promocion de las relaciones comerciales entre Mexico y los Estados Unidas de America. Mexico City: Banco Nacional de Comercio Exterior, 1961.
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  23. This work urges a favorable vision of the development of bilateral trade and US investment in the Mexican economy. It anticipates the rationales used thirty years later in favor of the Border Industrialization Program and NAFTA.
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  25. Langley, Lester. Mexico and the United States: The Fragile Relationship. Boston: Twayne, 1991.
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  27. An outstanding assessment of the ambivalent public feelings that prevail within each nation toward the other.
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  29. Meyer, Lorenzo, and Josefina Zoraida Vazquez. Mexico frente a Estados Unidos: Un ensayo historico, 1776–1980. Mexico City: El Colegio de Mexico, 1982.
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  31. A highly useful overview by two of Mexico’s leading authorities regarding foreign relations.
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  33. Schmitt, Carl M. Mexico and the United States, 1821–1973: Conflict and Co-existence. New York: Wiley, 1974.
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  35. Intensly written and reliable, this book was the standard text regarding US-Mexican relations for at least a decade.
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  37. Tello, Carlos, and Clark Reynolds, eds. Las relaciones Mexico-Estados Unidos. Mexico City: Fondo de Cultura Economica, 1981.
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  39. Highly useful, given the inside knowledge provided by Tello, the former head of the Banco de Mexico and sub-secretary of the Mexican treasury department.
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  41. Political Economy
  42.  
  43. Economy was a cornerstone of the US political relationship with Mexico in the beginning and remains crucial at the present. Trade and banking activities in Tampico preceded political contacts in the 18th century and led to early cultural interactions on both sides via the exchange of goods. Today, via NAFTA, oil, and copper, Mexico remains important to the United States, and, for the Mexicans, the United States matters because of its technology, market, investment capital, and employment opportunities.
  44.  
  45. The Search for Strategic Resources
  46.  
  47. These selections underscore the deep interest of American financial leaders in Mexican strategic resources. Pletcher 1952 captures the sense of mission involved. Watson 1886 and Weed 1902 treat the preliminary survey results, The leading US capitalists often sponsored expeditions to search for strategic resources in Mexico and were complemented in these efforts by less well-endowed parties. Weidner 1866 is an example of the search for capital investments, while Wilkerson 1983 and Southworth 1906 demonstrate the organizational forms that resulted. Whether it was Guggenheim and John Robinson (both minerals), or Doheny (oil), they ended up turning to the largest financiers in New York for support, Robinson to Wells Fargo and Citi, Doheny to William Salomon, and the Guggenheims to Citi and J. P. Morgan.
  48.  
  49. Pletcher, David. “A Prospecting Expedition across Central Mexico, 1856–57.” Pacific Historical Review 21 (1952): 21–41.
  50. DOI: 10.2307/3635176Save Citation »Export Citation »E-mail Citation »
  51. Assesses an important element in US interest in Mexico and its early beginnings.
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  53. Southworth, John R. The Official Directory of Mines and Haciendas of Mexico. Mexico City: J. R. Southworth, 1906.
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  55. An invaluable partial inventory of American holdings in Mexico, including landed estates and elaborate descriptions.
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  57. Watson, Sereno. “List of Plants Collected by Dr. Edward Palmer in Southwestern Chihuahua, Mexico in 1885.” Proceedings of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences 21 (1886): 414–455.
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  59. Demonstrates the interest and detailed knowledge of American scientists and capitalists regarding exploitable Mexican resources in the 19th century. These concerns included potential medicines.
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  61. Weed, W. H. “Notes on Certain Mines in the States of Chihuahua, Sinaloa, and Sonora, Mexico.” Transactions of the American Institution of Mining and Engineers 63 (1902): 382–407.
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  63. US investors made knowledgeable choices. Investigators sought out, assayed, and mapped out exploitable resources.
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  65. Weidner, Frederick. The Silver Mines of Mexico: Prospectus of the Sinaloa Silver Mining Company of the City of New York. With Documents Relative to its Organization and an Official Plan of the Position of its Mines and Haciendas. New York: C. S. Westcott, 1866.
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  67. Immediately after the US Civil War some of the most prominent New York capitalists sought out detailed maps of strategic resources in Mexico. The next step was investor recruitment.
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  69. Wilkerson, Gregg. “Geology of the Batopilas Mining District, Chihuahua, Mexico.” PhD diss., University of Texas (El Paso), 1983.
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  71. Demonstrates the level of scientific knowledge brought to Batopilas by US engineers. Batopilas, the site of Mexico’s richest silver mine from the 1860s until the 1910 Revolution, was controlled by Wells Fargo and Citi Bank directors.
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  73. The Extraction of Strategic Resources
  74.  
  75. The extraction of strategic resources, whether oil, silver, timber, copper, or agricultural products such as cotton, henequen, and sugar, has been a major factor in the US-Mexico relationship. The environmental sector has suffered dire results due to a lack of concern on both sides. Mexico, with the first large-scale and nationalistic revolution of the 20th century, is a model for understanding the nationalism of Third World nations in the face of the multinational oil companies. Bernstein 1964 provides an excellent overview; while Brown 1993; La Botz 1991; and Roett, et al. 1980 provide analysis of the oil industry, while Hart 2008, treats silver mining; Trujillo Herrera 1966 provides a Mexican nationalist perspective.
  76.  
  77. Bernstein, Marvin. The Mexican Mining Industry (1890–1950). Albany: State University of New York Press, 1964.
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  79. A landmark study of largely foreign (US) enterprise, economics, and technology before, during, and following the Mexican Revolution.
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  81. Brown, Jonathon. Oil and Revolution in Mexico. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1993.
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  83. Describes the growth of the oil industry and the crisis with the revolutionary regime. Demonstrates sympathy for the oil companies.
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  85. Hart, John Mason. The Silver of the Sierra Madre: John Robinson, Boss Shepherd, and the People of the Canyons. Tucson: University of Arizona Press, 2008.
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  87. Using primary sources, including diaries and company records, the book describes the search for and the extent of wealth discovered, and explains the vast economic, political, and cultural impact of modern and alien capitalism in rustic settings.
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  89. La Botz, Dan. Edward L. Doheny: Petroleum, Power, and Politics in the United States and Mexico. New York: Praeger, 1991.
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  91. An important study of an oil company in Porfirian and Revolutionary Mexico, the industry’s powerful role in creating US government policies, and the actions taken by the companies in defense of their interests.
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  93. Roett, Riordan, Richard Geering, and Arturo Gandara. Mexico’s Petroleum and U.S. Policy Implications for the 1980’s. Santa Monica, CA: RAND, 1980.
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  95. How can the United States peacefully gain access to Mexico’s oil? A businessman’s imperialism.
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  97. Trujillo Herrera, Rafael. Adolfo de la Huerta y los tratados de Bucareli: Con un capitulo adicional acerca el presidente de los E.E.U.U. Warren Gamaliel Harding. Mexico City: M. Porrua, 1966.
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  99. This work shows sympathy for Mexican leaders’ concessions to US bankers and oil men to conciliate them and gain recognition.
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  101. Infrastructure and Technology
  102.  
  103. Two essential considerations in economic development, and key elements of power between nations, are infrastructure and technological control. In the case of the United States and Mexico, American capitalists gained early and overpowering control of Mexico’s railroads, ports and extractive industries during the 19th century because they, and their British associates, owned the patents for such essentials as Bessemer Steel. Coatsworth 1981, assesses the impact of the American-owned railroads in Mexico. Davids 1976 and Williams 1852, examine the important theme of US control. Gracida Romo 2009, examines the general effects of infrastructure and technology in a specific region; while Pletcher 1958, Shaiken 1990, Speare 1909 and Throup 1987; widen our perspective to the national and bi-national level. After nationalization of the railroads was complete, the two nations had to develop a continued working relationship because of technological and commercial necessities.
  104.  
  105. Coatsworth, John H. Growth against Development: The Economic Impact of Railroads in Porfirian Mexico. DeKalb: Northern Illinois University Press, 1981.
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  107. Details the US-controlled construction of the Mexican railroad system in the late 19th century and analyzes its costs, benefits, and failures.
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  109. Davids, Jules. American Political and Economic Penetration of Mexico, 1876–1920. New York: Arno, 1976.
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  111. A pioneering effort to capture the underlying, essential, and usually overlooked effects of political economy in explaining diplomacy.
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  113. Gracida Romo, Juan José. Ferrocarriles y mineria en Sonora durante el Porfiriato (1880–1910). Hermosillo, Mexico: Editorial Universidad de Sonora, 2009.
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  115. Reaches new levels of insight based on previously underutilized archives.
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  117. Higgins, J. Foster. A History of the Kansas City, Mexico, and Orient Railroad. New York: Railroad and Locomotive History Society, 1956.
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  119. An insider’s view of the effort to connect the US market with the Pacific coast of Central and South America and Mexico via Presidio, Texas, and Topolobampo, Sinaloa, on the west coast.
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  121. Pletcher, David. Rails, Mines and Progress: Seven American Promoters in Mexico, 1867–1911. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 1958.
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  123. Given that this work was written in our earliest phase of historical knowledge, it was an impressive achievement.
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  125. Shaiken, Harley. Mexico in the Global Economy: High Technology and Work Organization in Export Industries. La Jolla: Center for U.S.-Mexican Studies, University of California, San Diego, 1990.
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  127. The author’s insights regarding the impact of this production and its potential for Mexico make this work essential.
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  129. Speare, Charles F. The Merged Roads of Mexico: A New Idea in State Control of Railroads. New York: Mail and Express, 1909.
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  131. A timepiece that demonstrates the ambivalence felt by the directors of infrastructure companies in New York toward governmental intervention in their affairs.
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  133. Throup, Cathryn L., ed. The United States and Mexico: Face to Face with New Technology. New Brunswick, NJ: Transaction, 1987.
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  135. Anticipates the new world of multinational production.
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  137. Williams, John J. The Isthmus of Tehuantepec. Being the Result of a Survey for a Railroad to connect the Pacific and Atlantic Oceans, made by the scientific commission under the direction of Major J. G. Barnard, U.S. Engineer. New York: Appleton, 1852.
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  139. This is a must read for anyone studying the early development of US-Mexico relations. US capitalists retained exploration companies that assessed local resources and reported back on potential profits.
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  141. Finance Capital and National Debt
  142.  
  143. Mexico’s need for finance capital and dire shortage of same, have left the national in historic need of banking assistance. Bazant 1946, describes the overall context. Maxfield 1990, explains the political and other effects of foreign capital. Monroy 1965–1970 and Romero n.d. provide insight regarding the recruitment of funds. Sturm 1869 and Turlington 1930 discuss the long sequence of confrontations that resulted. That form of foreign intervention has left the nation vulnerable to the demands of international business interests. And those interests have nearly overpowered the nation on occasion. In Turlington 1930 the pressure on scholars is evident and entails academic compromise. Offered a position with the US State Department, the author withdrew information regarding the names and interests of major investors in Mexico over the protests of his research assistant.
  144.  
  145. Bazant, Jan. Historia de la deuda exterior de Mexico (1823–1946). Mexico City: El Colegio de Mexico, 1946.
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  147. A useful study of Mexico’s foreign financial relationships that laments the lack of a sufficient capital base in Mexico, but fails to recognize the overwhelming presence of US capital in the Mexican economy.
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  149. Maxfield, Sylvia. Governing Capital: International Finance and Mexican Politics. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 1990.
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  151. A valuable model for our understanding of the role of financial power in the political and economic relations between developed and underdeveloped nations.
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  153. Monroy, Guadalupe. Archivo Historico de Matias Romero: Catalogo descriptivo, correspondencia recibida, 1837–1884. 2 vols. Mexico City: Banco de Mexico, 1965–1970.
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  155. An invaluable reference source relating to the initiation of the modern era by Ambassador Matias Romero who recruited the Citi, Morgan and First National Bank leaderships to invest in the Mexican economy.
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  157. Romero, Matias. Corresponsdencia de la legacion Mexicana durante la intervencion extranjera, 1860–1868. Mexico City: n.p., n.d.
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  159. This large volume provides much insight and has been edited, probably by the author, to elide mistakes and controversial decisions including fraudulent arms purchases and government bond issues.
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  161. Romero, Matias. Mexico and the United States: A Study of Subjects Affecting their Political, Commercial, and Social Relations, with a View to their Promotion. New York: G. P. Putnam, 1898.
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  163. Romero, a strong advocate of US investments in Mexico and an admirer of US culture, wrote this work to further advance these ends.
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  165. Sepulveda Amor, Bernardo, Olga Pellicer de Brody, and Lorenzo Meyer. Las empresas transnacionales en Mexico. Mexico City: El Colegio de Mexico, 1974.
  166. Save Citation »Export Citation »E-mail Citation »
  167. A careful, if somewhat conservative, assessment of the impact of the multinationals in Mexican infrastructure and strategic resources.
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  169. Sturm, Herman. The Republic of Mexico and its American Creditors. The Unfulfilled obligations of the Mexican Republic to citizens of the United States, from whom it obtained material aid, on credit-the nature and extent of that aid. Indianapolis, IN: Douglas and Conner, 1869.
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  171. Book titles seldom offer as much detail. Unfortunately Sturm did not provide essential details regarding the US financiers who invested in Juárez against Maximilian and the French. The financiers did so with the expectation that they would be given concessions for infrastructure and strategic resources.
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  173. Turlington, Edgar. Mexico and Her Foreign Creditors. New York: Columbia University Press, 1930.
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  175. This work was written by the American official involved in the claims against Mexico.
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  177. The Environment
  178.  
  179. Anderson and Gerber 2008 offers a perspective of long term change along the US-Mexico border. Herzog 1999 assesses the short-term results of population growth and increased industrial output. Hundley 1966 and Mumme 1992 examine water issues, with Mumme 1988 assessing proposed solutions for the myriad emerging challenges. Santiago 2006 examines the destructive environmental impact of the oil industry in Mexico.
  180.  
  181. Anderson, Joan B., and James Gerber. Fifty Years of Change on the Mexican Border: Growth, Development and the Quality of Life. Austin: University of Texas Press, 2008.
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  183. Introduces the Border Human Development Index––a measure of the uneven process of improvements and setbacks. Indispensable.
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  185. Garcia-Johnson, Ronie. Exporting Environmentalism: U.S. Multinational Chemical Corporations in Brazil and Mexico. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 2000.
  186. Save Citation »Export Citation »E-mail Citation »
  187. The author perceives the companies as becoming more environmentally responsible.
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  189. Herzog, Lawrence A. Shared Space: Rethinking the U.S.-Mexico Border Environment. La Jolla, CA: U.S.-Mexico Center, 1999.
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  191. Identifies the destructive impact of population and industrial growth along the border and proposes solutions.
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  193. Hundley, Norris. Dividing the Waters: A Century of Controversy between the United States and Mexico. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1966.
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  195. As indicated by the title, this book offers a comprehensive overview of issues relating to the Colorado and Rio Grande drainage basins.
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  197. Mumme, Stephen P. Apportioning Groundwater Beneath the U.S.-Mexico Border: Obstacles and Alternatives. La Jolla, CA: Center for U.S.-Mexico Studies, 1988.
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  199. This work treats one of the crucial issues between the two nations: apportioning groundwater beneath the border.
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  201. Mumme, Stephen P. New Directions in United States-Mexico Transborder Environmental Management: A Critique of Current Proposals. Santa Fe, NM: International Transboundary Center, 1992.
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  203. A comprehensive assessment of possible programs.
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  205. Santiago, Myrna. The Ecology of Oil: Environment, Labor, and the Mexican Revolution, 1900–1938. London: Cambridge University Press, 2006.
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  207. A well-researched account of the oil industry on the Mexican Gulf Coast.
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  209. Tomasek, Robert Dennis. United States-Mexican Relations: The Blowout of the Mexican Oil Well Ixtoc 1. Hanover, NH: Wheelock House, 1981.
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  211. This monumentally destructive episode will be followed by other catastrophes if strict bi-nationally agreed upon security measures are not taken.
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  213. Effects on Nationalism
  214.  
  215. Domestic economic interests, being a central element in government policy, evoke a wide ranging of discourse. Preoccupations regarding threats to wealth and power are widely attributed to hegemonic abuses committed by foreign powers and lead to the rise of nationalism. In Mexico, these problems are associated with “yanquis” and “anglo-sajones” as reflected directly by Cecena 1979, and to a lesser degree by Cordoba 1973 and Diaz Dufoo 1918. Several works measure the effects of foreign intervention on the Mexican Revolution’s programs of nationalization and agrarian reform. Hart 2003 offers a comprehensive overview, while Nugent 1998, Wasserman 1984, and Wells 1985 present regional studies. Smith 1972 examines a critical and specific time period.
  216.  
  217. Cecena, Jose Luis. Mexico en la orbita imperial: Las impresas transnacionales. Mexico City: Ediciones El Caballito, 1979.
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  219. Depicts the issues surrounding foreign economic hegemony in the 20th century and the almost impossible obstacles faced by Mexico’s leaders.
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  221. Cordoba, Arnaldo. La ideologia de la Revolucion Mexicana. Mexico City: Ediciones Era, 1973.
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  223. A highly perceptive author explains revolutionary nationalism in sympathetic terms from the vantage point of the mid-20th century.
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  225. Diaz Dufoo, Carlos. Mexico y los capitales extranjeras. Mexico City: La viuda de C. Bouret, 1918.
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  227. This early effort to understand the role of US capital on Mexican politics and society lacked basic data, but recognized the issue.
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  229. Hart, John Mason. Empire and Revolution: The Americans in Mexico Since the Civil War. Berkeley: University of California Press, 2003.
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  231. Using primary sources the author examines the role of the US economic elite in the expansion of the American economy into Mexico.
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  233. Nugent, Daniel, ed. Rural Revolt in Mexico: U.S. Intervention in Mexico and the Domain of Subaltern Politics. Durham, NC: Duke University Press, 1998.
  234. DOI: 10.1215/9780822382485Save Citation »Export Citation »E-mail Citation »
  235. Demonstrates the ultimate conflict, that of local conviction versus imperial interest, focused on the state of Chihuahua.
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  237. Smith, Robert Freeman. The United States and Revolutionary Nationalism in Mexico, 1916–1932. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1972.
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  239. The author provides an exceptionally deep and accurate analysis of US interests and strategies in Mexico borne out by later research.
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  241. Wasserman, Mark. Capitalists, Caciques, and Revolution: The Native Elites and Foreign Enterprise in Chihuahua, Mexico, 1854–1911. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1984.
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  243. Written with precision and careful research this book is indispensable for scholars.
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  245. Wells, Alan. Yucatan’s Gilded Age: Haciendas, Henequien, and International Harvester, 1860–1915. Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press, 1985.
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  247. Like Wasserman 1984, this book is indispensable for the Yucatan Peninsula. Does not include the Peabody interests.
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  249. Culture
  250.  
  251. Cultural studies are now defined within context of the new cultural history, meaning a deconstruction from the classical concerns of political economy and politics. The consideration of cultural change became important in US-Mexico relations when technology, industry, and thought processes became entwined. As the sections below will demonstrate, women, individualism, family, and community all developed new meanings as the 19th and 20th centuries evolved. Beezley 1987 shows the initial interplay during the late 19th century. Fuentes 2006 treats the interplay using literary metaphor. O’Brien 1996, Rosenberg 1982, and Saldivar 2011 cover the role of US corporate culture in the process. Pilcher 1998, analyzes the effects on cuisine and Hurlburt 1989 and Zolov 1999 discuss mural art and music.
  252.  
  253. Beezley, William F. Judas at the Jockey Club and Other Episodes of Porfirian Mexico. Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 1987.
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  255. This classic book depicts the arrival of baseball, US football, and other aspects of US culture in Mexico during the late 19th century.
  256. Find this resource:
  257. Delpar, Helen. The Enormous Vogue of Things Mexican: Cultural Relations between the U.S. and Mexico, 1920–1935. Tuscaloosa: University of Alabama Press, 1992.
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  259. Treats the exchange of mural and politically conscious art and musical contemporary musical exchange.
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  261. Fuentes, Carlos. The Years with Laura Díaz. New York: Random House, 2006.
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  263. Examines the reciprocal influences of the United States and Mexico, especially during the 20th century. Includes émigré US communities in Cuernavaca and Mexicans in Los Angeles.
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  265. Hart, John Mason. Border Crossings: Mexican and Mexican American Workers. Wilmington, DE: Scholarly Resources, 1998.
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  267. Describes the practices of Mexican and Mexican American workers suggesting the continuities of mutual aid, family networks, work ethic, etc.
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  269. Hurlburt, Laurance. The Mexican Muralists in the United States. Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press, 1989.
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  271. Examines the effect of Rivera, Orozco, and Sigueros.
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  273. O’Brien, Thomas F. The Revolutionary Mission: American Enterprise in Latin America, 1900–1945. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 1996.
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  275. This work could be considered economic or political, but more deeply it is cultural history and stands as our most important analysis of US capitalist culture and political strategies in Mexico and Latin America.
  276. Find this resource:
  277. Pilcher, Jeffrey. Que Vivan los Tamales. Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press, 1998.
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  279. Elegantly describes the relationship between 20th-century nationalism, the evolution of officially designated cuisine and, in the borderlands, of the US influence. Cultural forces eventually won out and the foods, with regional variations such as “Tex-Mex,” were adopted as “Mexican” in both countries.
  280. Find this resource:
  281. Rosenberg, Emily. Spreading the American Dream: American Economic and Cultural Expansion, 1890–1945. New York: Hill and Wang, 1982.
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  283. This work stands with O’Brien 1996 in terms of providing historical context for Mexico, reliability and depth. Mexico came early in the process of US global expansion.
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  285. Saldivar, Ramon. Trans-Americanity: Subaltern Modernities, Global Coloniality, and the Cultures of Greater Mexico. Durham, NC: Duke University Press, 2011.
  286. DOI: 10.1215/9780822394549Save Citation »Export Citation »E-mail Citation »
  287. The author argues for a world-systems-like approach in order to place the issues in what many must agree is a needed broader context.
  288. Find this resource:
  289. Zolov, Eric. Refried Elvis: The Rise of the Mexican Counterculture. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1999.
  290. Save Citation »Export Citation »E-mail Citation »
  291. The export of US rock ‘n’ roll helped push forward a youth-based countercultural movement.
  292. Find this resource:
  293. Religion
  294.  
  295. Religion became part of the intense linkage between the United States and Mexico in the late 19th century when the first US Protestants arrived in that country. Rankin 1875 and Schmidt 1983 relate the beginnings. Baldwin 1990, Cronon 1958, Ellis 1958, Quirk 1973, and Price 1959 cover the complicated revolutionary era. Chesnut 2007 brings us to the modern era in an instant classic. In the modern era religion has continued its transformation via the introduction of Catholic evangelicalism in the United States and a large infusion of protestant culture into the provinces and indigenous areas of Mexico.
  296.  
  297. Baldwin, Deborah J. Protestants and the Mexican Revolution: Missionaries, Ministers, and Social Change. Urbana and Chicago: University of Illinois Press, 1990.
  298. Save Citation »Export Citation »E-mail Citation »
  299. Discusses the growth and importance of US Protestantism in the early 20th century, its centers of influence, and Mexican reactions to it.
  300. Find this resource:
  301. Chesnut, Andrew. Competitive Spirits: Latin America’s New Religious Economy. London: Oxford University Press, 2007.
  302. Save Citation »Export Citation »E-mail Citation »
  303. The best book yet written treating the rise of evangelicalism in Mexico and Latin America.
  304. Find this resource:
  305. Cronon, E. David. “American Catholics and Mexican Anticlericalism, 1933–1936.” Mississippi Valley Historical Review 45 (1958): 201–230.
  306. DOI: 10.2307/1902927Save Citation »Export Citation »E-mail Citation »
  307. A contemporary treatment demonstrating the concerns of the US clergy and laity toward alledged abuses of their Mexican brethren by citizens and officials.
  308. Find this resource:
  309. Ellis, Ethan. “Dwight Morrow and the Church-State Controversy in Mexico.” Hispanic American Historical Review 45 (1958): 201–230.
  310. Save Citation »Export Citation »E-mail Citation »
  311. A contemporary treatment demonstrating the role played by the American ambassador in the opening of negotiations to bring an end to the Cristero War.
  312. Find this resource:
  313. Price, Elizabeth. The Diplomatic Relations between the United States and Mexico as Affected by the Struggle for Religious Liberty in Mexico, 1925–29. Washington, DC: Catholic University Press, 1959.
  314. Save Citation »Export Citation »E-mail Citation »
  315. Sympathetic to church concerns.
  316. Find this resource:
  317. Quirk, Robert. The Mexican Revolution and the Catholic Church, 1910–1929. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1973.
  318. Save Citation »Export Citation »E-mail Citation »
  319. This work provides comprehensive coverage of the church-state controvery during the Mexican Revolution.
  320. Find this resource:
  321. Rankin, Melinda. Twenty Years Among the Mexicans. Cincinnati, OH: Chase and Hall, 1875.
  322. Save Citation »Export Citation »E-mail Citation »
  323. A protestant missionary, sent to bring the true word of Christ to the papists, the author actually learned to appreciate some aspects of Mexican culture. A valuable primary source based largely on experiences in and around Monterrey.
  324. Find this resource:
  325. Schmidt, Karl. “American Protestant Missionaries and the Diaz Regime in Mexico, 1876–1911.” Journal of Church and State 25 (1983): 253–257.
  326. DOI: 10.1093/jcs/25.2.253Save Citation »Export Citation »E-mail Citation »
  327. Covers an otherwise little known, but significant aspect of the confrontation between the United States and nationalistic revolutionaries.
  328. Find this resource:
  329. Sports
  330.  
  331. Sports have become big business in both the United States and Mexico. Joining love, art, music, and cuisine, the adoptions of the other nation’s sports have been among the most enjoyable aspects of the bilateral relationship. They serve, perhaps, as a metaphor for the ultimate compatibility of two once highly different cultures. Castañeda 2011 and Eagleton 1990 provide an overview. Cockcroft 1996 shows the depth of tradition behind baseball, while Klein 1997 and Winegardner 1996 develop important local histories.
  332.  
  333. Castañeda, Jorge. Mexico Forever? Mexico and the Mexicans. New York: Knopf, 2011.
  334. Save Citation »Export Citation »E-mail Citation »
  335. Treats the incredible level of cultural mixing and how it affects, and does not affect, sports and everyday behavior between the two populations who have more to do with each other than any other nations on earth.
  336. Find this resource:
  337. Cockcroft, James. Latinos en Beisbol. Darby, PA: Diane, 1996.
  338. Save Citation »Export Citation »E-mail Citation »
  339. The author contradicts the standard historical resumes that describe US citizens introducing the “American Pastime.” Instead, he argues that “Latinos,” meaning the people of the Caribbean Basin and Gulf of Mexico, were long acquainted with the game before the Americans’ arrival.
  340. Find this resource:
  341. Eagleton, T. ? Por donde entro el beisbol a Mexico? Saltillo, Mexico: n.p., 1990.
  342. Save Citation »Export Citation »E-mail Citation »
  343. Presents the widely accepted story of early baseball in northeastern Mexico and the role of US railroad workers in it.
  344. Find this resource:
  345. Klein, Alan M. Baseball on the Border: A Tale of the Two Laredos. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1997.
  346. Save Citation »Export Citation »E-mail Citation »
  347. Presents the advent of baseball in Mexico as an enjoyable pastime that attracted curious Mexicans who soon became passionate about it.
  348. Find this resource:
  349. Winegardner, Mark. The Veracruz Blues. New York: Viking, 1996.
  350. Save Citation »Export Citation »E-mail Citation »
  351. The Veracruz Blues baseball team represented one of the more racially tolerant cities in North America. Willie Wells, an all-time great All-Star player in the Negro Leagues of the United States, played for them before US major league baseball integrated, because the Veracruzanos “treated me like a man.”
  352. Find this resource:
  353. Film and Tourism
  354.  
  355. Film and tourism are two of the most important facets of national citizenries learning about other cultures and forming images of them. The film and tourism industries of Mexico and the United States are highly integrated, exchanging ownership, personnel, and products on a massive scale. This growing mix of imagery and integration is examined by Berger and Wood 2010, Berger 2006, and Castellanos 2010. Its origins are illustrated by Terry 1909 and Davies 1984. Herschfield 2008 and Tuñón Pablos 1998 offer powerful studies on the impact on women. Tourism began in earnest in the middle of the 19th century, became massive in the mid-20th century. Film became important in the 1920s and both are part of the everyday experience of the two nationalities.
  356.  
  357. Berger, Dina, and Andrew Grant Wood, eds. Holiday in Mexico: Critical Reflections on Tourism and Tourist Encounters. Durham, NC: Duke University Press, 2010.
  358. Save Citation »Export Citation »E-mail Citation »
  359. Measures the cultural and social effects of tourism including the influences made on cultural choices, economic growth, the big money involved, and official and private sector corruption.
  360. Find this resource:
  361. Berger, Dina. The Development of Mexico’s Tourism Industry: Pyramids by Day, Martinis by Night. Palgrave Macmillan, 2006.
  362. DOI: 10.1057/9781403982865Save Citation »Export Citation »E-mail Citation »
  363. A pioneering assessment of the effect of millions of US visitors to Mexico yearly.
  364. Find this resource:
  365. Castellanos, M. Bianet. A Return to Servitude: Maya Migration and the Tourist Trade in Cancún. Saint Paul: University of Minnesota Press, 2010.
  366. Save Citation »Export Citation »E-mail Citation »
  367. Examines the role of tourism in the rise of Cancún and its important role in Yucatan society. Measures the negative effects on the indigenous communities and their resistance.
  368. Find this resource:
  369. Davies, R. E. G. Airlines of Latin America Since 1919. Washington, DC: Smithsonian Institution, 1984.
  370. Save Citation »Export Citation »E-mail Citation »
  371. The United States and Mexico were the most popular destinations for the companies.
  372. Find this resource:
  373. Fein, Seth. “Everyday Forms of Transnational Collaboration: U.S. Film Propaganda in Cold War Mexico, 400–450.” In Close Encounters of Empire: Writing the History of U.S.-Latin American Relations. Edited by Gilbert M. Joseph, Catherine C. LeGrand, and Ricardo D. Salvatore. Durham, NC: Duke University Press, 1998.
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  375. This is first rate, written by one of the foremost US authorities on the Mexican film industry. Fein measures effects on viewers and provides depth.
  376. Find this resource:
  377. Herschfield, Joanne. Imagining la Chica Moderna: Women, Nation and Visual Culture in Mexico, 1917–1936. Durham, NC: Duke University Press, 2008.
  378. DOI: 10.1215/9780822389286Save Citation »Export Citation »E-mail Citation »
  379. Examines the influence of mass media and thus the United States in forming female identity.
  380. Find this resource:
  381. Terry, T. Philip. Terry’s Mexico: Handbook for Travelers. Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1909.
  382. Save Citation »Export Citation »E-mail Citation »
  383. This work identifies the points of principal interest for Americans in Mexico during the Porfiriato. It takes into account, indirectly, the relatively modest circumstances of many US tourists.
  384. Find this resource:
  385. Tuñón Pablos, Julia. Mujeres de luz y sombra en el cine mexicano: La contruccion de una imagen. Mexico City: El Colegio de Mexico, 1998.
  386. Save Citation »Export Citation »E-mail Citation »
  387. A must read for the scholar seeking the US cinematic industry’s influence on popular stereotypes inside Mexico and how it came back across the border.
  388. Find this resource:
  389. Politics
  390.  
  391. Political activity reflects virtually every realm of human behavior and interest. Separating the topic from economy and culture enables the reader to measure political behavior with great specificity. Separated by economy and culture, binational politics transcribe human efforts to maintain successful relations in the spheres of power, rivalry and friendship, and inequality versus equity.
  392.  
  393. Diplomacy, 19th Century
  394.  
  395. These works provide the scholar with firsthand insights regarding states of mind, sense of responsibility, and purpose on the part of the diplomats involved in relations making. Foster 1909 and Poinsett 2008 present firsthand accounts in which personal consciousness is revealed via word choices and characterizations. In the secondary works Alessio Robles 1979 and Bosch Garcia 1961 render the professional historian’s scrutiny of official and personal documents regarding the invasion of Texas. Kohl 1914, Schoonover 1978, and Schoonover 1986 provide rationales and in-depth analysis.
  396.  
  397. Alessio Robles, Vito. Coahuila y Texas desde la consumacion de la independencia hasta el tratado de paz de Guadalupe Hidalgo. Mexico City: Editorial Porrua, 1979.
  398. Save Citation »Export Citation »E-mail Citation »
  399. A leading authority on the first half of the 19th century, Alessio Robles covers the era with depth, insight, and passion.
  400. Find this resource:
  401. Bosch Garcia, Carlos. Historia de las relaciones entre Mexico y los Estados Unidos, 1819–1848. Mexico City: Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Politicas y Sociales, 1961.
  402. Save Citation »Export Citation »E-mail Citation »
  403. A useful Mexican interpretation of a relatively understudied era.
  404. Find this resource:
  405. Carreno, Alberto Maria. La diplomacia extraordinaria entre Mexico y los Estados Unidos, 1749–1947. Mexico City: Editorial Jus, 1961.
  406. Save Citation »Export Citation »E-mail Citation »
  407. This work offers a wide range of readings providing continuity between otherwise underexamined time periods.
  408. Find this resource:
  409. Foster, John W. Diplomatic Memoirs. Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1909.
  410. Save Citation »Export Citation »E-mail Citation »
  411. Introspection and self-defense of the career of one of the Porfiriato’s key US diplomats. Foster served during the US-aided Revolution of Tuxtepec which overthrew the Liberal Mexican democracy in favor of the dictatorship of Porfirio Diaz (1876–1911).
  412. Find this resource:
  413. Kohl, Clayton. Claims as a Cause of the Mexican War. New York: New York University Press, 1914.
  414. Save Citation »Export Citation »E-mail Citation »
  415. Recognizes material motives if not in the context of a longer range vision of strategic development.
  416. Find this resource:
  417. Poinsett, Joel Roberts. Notes on Mexico: Made in the Autumn of 1822, Accompanied by a Historical Sketch of the Revolution. Whitefish, MT: Kessinger, 2008.
  418. Save Citation »Export Citation »E-mail Citation »
  419. A reprint (originally published 1824), this work is useful as a measure of American racial attitudes at the time. Poinsett, a friend of President Andrew Jackson, was appointed as the US envoy to Mexico in 1825.
  420. Find this resource:
  421. Schoonover, Thomas D. Dollars over Dominion: The Triumph of Liberalism in Mexican-United States Relations, 1861–1867. Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 1978.
  422. Save Citation »Export Citation »E-mail Citation »
  423. An outstanding in-depth political-economic study of the era of French intervention in Mexico and US responses.
  424. Find this resource:
  425. Schoonover, Thomas D. The Mexican Lobby: Matias Romero in Washington. Lexington: University Press of Kentucky, 1986.
  426. Save Citation »Export Citation »E-mail Citation »
  427. Provides depth and context to the central role played by Matias Romero in the forging of an informal alliance with the United States versus the French Empire.
  428. Find this resource:
  429. Diplomacy, 20th Century
  430.  
  431. These works treat the opaque relations between the modern United States and Mexican governments and other interest groups in Mexico. Full disclosure of these relationships is obscured by a lack of government candor, withheld sources, national security concerns, and hidden agendas. At the diplomatic level we at least have the day to day concerns of the operatives on the ground and a therefore a window on the thinking of government figures. Daniels 1973, O’Shaughnessy 1916, and Wilson 1927 reflect the concerns of diplomatic insiders during the revolution. Gilderhus 1977, Guerrero Yoacham 1966, Hill 1973, Knight 1987, and Langley 1991 provide historical context to events.
  432.  
  433. Daniels, Josephus. Shirt-Sleeve Diplomat. Westport, CT: Greenwood, 1973.
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  435. An autobiographical account, with all the expected strengths and weaknesses, during the period in which the diplomats attempted to resolve the disputes that resulted from the revolutionary-era assaults on US citizens and property.
  436. Find this resource:
  437. Gilderhus, Mark T. Diplomacy and Revolution: U.S.-Mexican Relations under Wilson and Carranza. Tucson: University of Arizona Press, 1977.
  438. Save Citation »Export Citation »E-mail Citation »
  439. A representative study of the Wilson-Carranza relationship based on primary sources.
  440. Find this resource:
  441. Guerrero Yoacham, Cristian. Las conferencias del Niagara Falls: La mediacion de Argentina, Brazil y Chile en el conflicto entre los Estados Unidos y Mexico en 1914. Santiago, Chile: Editorial Andres Bello, 1966.
  442. Save Citation »Export Citation »E-mail Citation »
  443. Focuses on the conference as an important undertaking while other observers saw it as a side show.
  444. Find this resource:
  445. Hill, Larry. Emissaries to a Revolution: Woodrow Wilson’s Executive Agents in Mexico. Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 1973.
  446. Save Citation »Export Citation »E-mail Citation »
  447. A study of the crucially important role of the emissaries who gathered intelligence on the revolutionaries and reported to Washington.
  448. Find this resource:
  449. Knight, Alan. U.S.-Mexican Relations, 1910–1940: An Interpretation. La Jolla, CA: Center for U.S.-Mexican Studies, University of California-San Diego, 1987.
  450. Save Citation »Export Citation »E-mail Citation »
  451. A useful synthesis of government sources and secondary literature.
  452. Find this resource:
  453. Langley, Lester. Mexico and the United States: The Fragile Relationship. New York: Twayne, 1991.
  454. Save Citation »Export Citation »E-mail Citation »
  455. Underscores the often hidden sources of tension.
  456. Find this resource:
  457. O’Shaughnessy, Edith. A Diplomat’s Wife in Mexico. New York: Harper, 1916.
  458. Save Citation »Export Citation »E-mail Citation »
  459. A valuable recollection by a perceptive insider who sometimes did not realize what should be kept secret.
  460. Find this resource:
  461. Wilson, Henry Lane. Diplomatic Episodes in Mexico, Belgium, and Chile. Garden City, NY: Doubleday, Page, 1927.
  462. Save Citation »Export Citation »E-mail Citation »
  463. This book includes an evasion of responsibility for serious misconduct by this US ambassador to Mexico who rejected the pleas for help from Señora Madero on the eve of her husband’s assassination by soldiers involved in the golpe de estado that led to civil war.
  464. Find this resource:
  465. US Acquisitions of Mexican Territory
  466.  
  467. The seizue of Texas and the later designated American Southwest and disputes such as the Chamizal affair reveal the early drive of US expanists and their later efforts to accommodate Mexican concerns. Garber 1923, Harris 1943, Matovina 1995, and Tijerina 1994 offer widely varied perspectives regarding Texas. Pletcher 1973, Ramos 2009, and Stout 2002 present the aftermath of Texas annexation and include later 19th-century events. Liss 1965 offers a thorough treatment of the Chamizal issue, a body of land lying in the Rio Grande between El Paso and Ciudad Juárez.
  468.  
  469. Garber, Paul. The Gadsden Treaty. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 1923.
  470. Save Citation »Export Citation »E-mail Citation »
  471. Traces the reasons and the negotiations of the Gadsden Treaty.
  472. Find this resource:
  473. Harris, Gaylord Warren. The Sword Was Their Passport: A History of American Filibustering in the Mexican Revolution. Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 1943.
  474. Save Citation »Export Citation »E-mail Citation »
  475. A colorful sidelight.
  476. Find this resource:
  477. Liss, Sheldon. A Century of Disagreement: The Chamizal Conflict, 1864–1964. Seattle: University of Washington Press, 1965.
  478. Save Citation »Export Citation »E-mail Citation »
  479. A strong coverage of the diplomatic and general politics of the Chamizal Island controversy regarding a strip of land created by a shift in the Rio Grande river at El Paso and Ciudad Juarez. A symbolic issue.
  480. Find this resource:
  481. Matovina, Timothy. The Alamo Remembered: Tejano Accounts and Perspectives. Austin: University of Texas Press, 1995.
  482. Save Citation »Export Citation »E-mail Citation »
  483. Valuable sources for understanding a mythologicalized event.
  484. Find this resource:
  485. Pletcher, David. The Diplomacy of Annexation: Texas, Oregon, and the Mexican War. Columbia: University of Missouri Press, 1973.
  486. Save Citation »Export Citation »E-mail Citation »
  487. A sweeping coverage, sensitive to US perspectives regarding the annexation of territories claimed by Mexico.
  488. Find this resource:
  489. Ramos, Raul A. Beyond the Alamo: Forging Mexican Ethnicityin San Antonio, 1821–1861. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2009.
  490. Save Citation »Export Citation »E-mail Citation »
  491. An essential read regarding the acculturation of Mexicans caught in the aftermath of the annexation of Texas by the United States
  492. Find this resource:
  493. Stout, Joseph. Schemers and Dreamers: Filibustering in Mexico, 1848–1921. College Station: Texas A & M University Press, 2002.
  494. Save Citation »Export Citation »E-mail Citation »
  495. A strong body of research. This work offers a deep examination of the filibusterers that followed the US war with Mexico.
  496. Find this resource:
  497. Tijerina, Andrés. Tejanos in Texas under the Mexican Flag, 1821–1836. College Station: Texas A & M University Press, 1994.
  498. Save Citation »Export Citation »E-mail Citation »
  499. This study examines the cultural friction between Mexicans and Anglos in post-independence Texas regarding such issues as slavery and religion.
  500. Find this resource:
  501. Valadés, José. Mexico, Santa Anna y la Guerra de Texas. Mexico City: Editores Mexicanos, 1965.
  502. Save Citation »Export Citation »E-mail Citation »
  503. Written by a leading Mexican scholar this work reflects. the disappointment felt by the Mexican public in Santa Anna’s outgunned effort to keep Texas as a part of Mexico.
  504. Find this resource:
  505. US-Mexican War
  506.  
  507. Often called the War of Aggression in Mexico the conflict was one-sided. It pitted advanced military technology including rifles and long-range artillery against muskets. Abraham Lincoln, John Quincy Adams, and leading US intellectuals denounced it. US motives were varied, but the political leadership wanted new territories. Meanwhile, Levinson 2005 demonstrates that the Mexicans were fighting mini wars with each other. Chavezmontes explains that the aftermath of struggle left the Mexicans in a state of anguish and soul searching, Connor and Faulk 1971, Francaviglia and Richmond 2000, and Smith 2011 offer overviews. Santoni 1986, Herrera Serna 1997, and Velasco Márquez 1975 provide internal reports from inside Mexico. The peace negotiations and eventual settlement are treated by Griswold del Castillo 1990 and Ohrt 1997. The memories that resulted are still with us as Van Wagener 2012 demonstrates.
  508.  
  509. Chavezmontes, Julio. Heridas que no cierran. Mexico City: Grijalbo, 1978.
  510. Save Citation »Export Citation »E-mail Citation »
  511. Underscores the sense of humiliation experienced by Mexico.
  512. Find this resource:
  513. Connor, Seymour, and Odie Faulk. North America Divided: The Mexican War, 1846–1848. London: Oxford University Press, 1971.
  514. Save Citation »Export Citation »E-mail Citation »
  515. A general history of the war from what might be called a US perspective.
  516. Find this resource:
  517. Francaviglia, Richard, and Douglas Richmond. Dueling Eagles: Reinterpreting the U.S.-Mexican War, 1846–1848. Fort Worth: Texas Christian University Press, 2000.
  518. Save Citation »Export Citation »E-mail Citation »
  519. An outstanding synthesis. Provides an overview of the political circumstances on both sides and the motives of the US leadership versus Mexican reactions leading to the war.
  520. Find this resource:
  521. Griswold del Castillo, Richard. The Treaty of Guadalupe del Hidalgo. Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 1990.
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  523. The only study available that focuses solely on the settlement that led to the end of the fighting.
  524. Find this resource:
  525. Herrera Serna, Laura. Mexico en Guerra, 1846–1848. Mexico City: Consejo Nacional para la Cultura y los Artes, 1997.
  526. Save Citation »Export Citation »E-mail Citation »
  527. Includes a depiction of the difficulties of bankrupt government waging war.
  528. Find this resource:
  529. Levinson, Irving. Wars Within War: Mexican Guerrillas, Domestic Elites, and the United States of America, 1846—1848. Fort Worth: Texas Christian University Press, 2005.
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  531. This is research at its best. Using the Defensa Nacional archives of the Mexican military, the author reveals the details of the guerrilla resistance against the United States that helped that country retain much of its northern territories.
  532. Find this resource:
  533. Ohrt, Wallace. Defiant Peacemaker: Nicholas Trist in the Mexican War. College Station: Texas A& M University Press, 1997.
  534. Save Citation »Export Citation »E-mail Citation »
  535. Provides insight regarding the uncertain US military situation and the economic problems that led to compromise.
  536. Find this resource:
  537. Santoni, Pedro. Mexicans at Arms: Puro Federalists and the Politics of War, 1845–1848. Fort Worth: Texas Christian University Press, 1986.
  538. Save Citation »Export Citation »E-mail Citation »
  539. Discusses the all-important internal divisions among Mexico’s political leadership.
  540. Find this resource:
  541. Smith, Justin Harvey. The War with Mexico: The Classic History of the Mexican-American War. Saint Petersburg, FL: Red and Black, 2011.
  542. Save Citation »Export Citation »E-mail Citation »
  543. This seemingly timeless book bestows the customary military history, along with a strong dose of anti-Mexican bias that is representative of the literature on this 1846–1848 war.
  544. Find this resource:
  545. Van Wagener, Michael S. Remembering the Forgotten War: The Enduring Legacies of the U.S. Mexican War. Amherst: University of Massachusetts Press, 2012.
  546. Save Citation »Export Citation »E-mail Citation »
  547. A highly useful and critical look at the effects of what Mexican historians often call the “War of Aggression.”
  548. Find this resource:
  549. Velasco Márquez, Jesús. La Guerra de 47 y la opinion publica. Mexico City: Secretaria de Educacion Publica, 1975.
  550. Save Citation »Export Citation »E-mail Citation »
  551. Describes public responses to the United States before the war and to the Mexican government afterwards.
  552. Find this resource:
  553. International Hidden Agendas
  554.  
  555. Katz 1981 was a pioneering effort that used multinational archives to go beyond the frequently literal-minded views regarding the actions of the great powers that prevailed up to the time of publication. The works cited here contextualize policy with simultaneous multiple agendas under way at a given point in time. Manuel Buendia (Buendia 1983) was a courageous reporter who went far beyond the call of duty to point out corrupt activities on the part of Mexican officials and the CIA. Caruso 1991, Castañeda 1956, Fuentes Mares 1983, Harris and Sadler 2009, Harris and Sadler 2003, and Morley and Scott 2011 offer local examples of intrigue that represent the likelihood of similar activities elsewhere in Mexico.
  556.  
  557. Buendia, Manuel. El CIA en Mexico. Mexico City: Ediciones Oceano, 1983.
  558. Save Citation »Export Citation »E-mail Citation »
  559. A widely read undercover reporter, later assassinated, reveals otherwise secret operations by the US intelligence agency in Mexico.
  560. Find this resource:
  561. Caruso, Brooke. The Mexican Spy Company: United States Covert Operations in Mexico, 1845–1848. New York: McFarlane, 1991.
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  563. Examines the rudimentary beginnings of the spy industry.
  564. Find this resource:
  565. Castañeda, Jorge. Mexico y el orden internacional. Mexico, City: El Colegio de Mexico, 1956.
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  567. Written by a future minister of foreign relations. Mexico seeks international respect and parity.
  568. Find this resource:
  569. Fuentes Mares, José. Juarez, los Estados Unidos, y Europa. Barcelona: Editorial Grijalbo, 1983.
  570. Save Citation »Export Citation »E-mail Citation »
  571. A first-rate study of US-Mexican relations during the 1850s and 1860s, contextualized with the European-French imperial factor.
  572. Find this resource:
  573. Harris III, Charles R., and Louis R. Sadler. The Secret War in El Paso: Mexican Revolutionary Intrigue, 1906–1920. Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press, 2009.
  574. Save Citation »Export Citation »E-mail Citation »
  575. The Villistas, Texas Rangers, Bureau of Information, and the Mexican government all worked to further their ends. The United States had the most success.
  576. Find this resource:
  577. Harris III, Charles R., and Louis R. Sadler. The Archaeologist Was a Spy: Sylvanus B Morley and the Office of Naval Intelligence. Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press, 2003.
  578. Save Citation »Export Citation »E-mail Citation »
  579. Morley worked as a spy for the US government for years while working on digs in Yucatán and Guatemala in the middle of the 20th century
  580. Find this resource:
  581. Katz, Friedrich. The Secret War in Mexico: Europe, the United States, and the Mexican Revolution. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1981.
  582. Save Citation »Export Citation »E-mail Citation »
  583. Based on multinational archives, this work gave birth to a genre.
  584. Find this resource:
  585. Morley, Jefferson, and Michael Scott. Our Man in Mexico: Winslow Scott and the Hidden History of the CIA. Lawrence: University Press of Kansas, 2011.
  586. Save Citation »Export Citation »E-mail Citation »
  587. Investigative reporting, the Freedom of Information Act, and courage made this book possible.
  588. Find this resource:
  589. Challenges of the 20th and 21st Centuries
  590.  
  591. The US-Mexico borderlands feature a complex history of cultural, technological, and racial interplay that include lynchings, intermarriage, smuggling, voluminous trade, the construction of the railroads, folklore, cuisine, music, and attire. It has also become an environmental disaster that can serve as a measure of the results that can be derived when nations fail to cooperate for the common good. Gregg 1937 offered a political overview, while Liss 1965, Maclachlan 1991, and Sandos 1992 present dramatic historical moments. Ruiz 1998, Guidott-Hernandez 2011, and Tinker Salas 1997 analyze the extremes of poverty and wealth.
  592.  
  593. Gregg, Robert Danforth. The Influence of Border Troubles on Relations between the United States and Mexico, 1876–1910. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1937.
  594. Save Citation »Export Citation »E-mail Citation »
  595. Underscores the contradictions between older inequalities and abuses in contrast to rising Mexican nationalism.
  596. Find this resource:
  597. Guidott-Hernandez, Nicole M. Unspeakable Violence: Remapping U.S. and Mexican National Imageries: Racialized and Gendered Subjects in the U.S.-Mexico Borderlands. Durham, NC: Duke University Press, 2011.
  598. DOI: 10.1215/9780822394495Save Citation »Export Citation »E-mail Citation »
  599. Beginning with the mid-19th century, the author examines the mix of racism and material motives behind the US-Mexico border violence including the effort to destroy the Yaqui Indians of Sonora.
  600. Find this resource:
  601. Liss, Sheldon B. A Century of Disagreement: The Chamizal Conflict, 1864–1964. Seattle: University of Washington Press, 1965.
  602. Save Citation »Export Citation »E-mail Citation »
  603. Uses government sources to provide full coverage of a battle of national prides.
  604. Find this resource:
  605. MacLachlan, Colin M. Anarchism and the Mexican Revolution: The Political Trials of Ricardo Flores Magón in the United States. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1991.
  606. Save Citation »Export Citation »E-mail Citation »
  607. Superbly researched. Records the early successes of the Mexican revolutionary followed by his persecution by US authorities.
  608. Find this resource:
  609. Ruiz, Ramon Eduardo. On the Rim of Mexico: Encounters of the Rich and Poor. Boulder, CO: Westview, 1998.
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  611. A condemnation of the elites on both sides of the frontier for exploiting the Mexican workers of the region. A poignant description of the terrible human conditions found along the frontier.
  612. Find this resource:
  613. Sandos, James A. Rebellion in the Borderlands: Anarchism and the Plan de San Diego, 1904–1923. Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 1992.
  614. Save Citation »Export Citation »E-mail Citation »
  615. An early attempt to explain the indigenous roots of the planned rebellion in the Rio Grande Valley. President Carranza’s role in these events requires even more study.
  616. Find this resource:
  617. Smith, Ralph A. “The Scalp Hunter in the Borderlands, 1835–1859.” Arizona and the West (Spring 1964): 5–22.
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  619. The works of Ralph Smith point to the deep racial, cultural, political, and economic antagonisms of the 19th century that still linger in parts of the Borderlands.
  620. Find this resource:
  621. Tinker Salas, Miguel. In the Shadow of the Eagles: Sonora and the Transformation of the Border during the Porfiriato. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1997.
  622. Save Citation »Export Citation »E-mail Citation »
  623. The best book available treating US economic penetration of the Mexican northwest including infrastructure development, mining, and culture.
  624. Find this resource:
  625. Interactions during the Revolution, 1910–1920
  626.  
  627. The complex of issues treated by these works mirrors the Revolution of 1910. The Revolution, as an extreme event, provoked equally dramatic reactions. Grieb 1969, Hart 1987, Katz 1998, Meyer 1972, and Quirk 1973 all focus on crucial interests that were at stake. Richmond 1983 and Ulloa 1976 treat nationalism and puppet regime possibilities. They all link ideology, state policies, diplomacy, and the pursuit of material self-interest, as the specific themes found in the interplay between Mexico and the United States between 1910 and 1920.
  628.  
  629. Grieb, Kenneth. The United States and Huerta. Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 1969.
  630. Save Citation »Export Citation »E-mail Citation »
  631. The best treatment at the time of publication.
  632. Find this resource:
  633. Hart, John Mason. Revolutionary Mexico: The Coming and Process of the Mexican Revolution. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1987.
  634. Save Citation »Export Citation »E-mail Citation »
  635. Explains the rise of Mexican nationalism and the revolutionary response to US power. Notes that the Villistas lost every major battle following the 1914 US sea and land blockades and its intervention at Veracruz.
  636. Find this resource:
  637. Joseph, Gilbert. Revolution from Without: Yucatán, Mexico, and the United States, 1880—1924. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 1982.
  638. Save Citation »Export Citation »E-mail Citation »
  639. A pioneering effort to evaluate US interest in the peninsula.
  640. Find this resource:
  641. Katz, Friedrich. The Life and Times of Pancho Villa. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press, 1998.
  642. Save Citation »Export Citation »E-mail Citation »
  643. Explains relations between Villa and the United States covering a decade and including the raid on Columbus, New Mexico.
  644. Find this resource:
  645. Meyer, Michael C. Huerta: A Political Portrait. Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 1972.
  646. Save Citation »Export Citation »E-mail Citation »
  647. Using government archives, a solid treatment of the rise and fall of Victoriano Huerta in US government esteem.
  648. Find this resource:
  649. Quirk, Robert. The Mexican Revolution and the Catholic Church. Bloomington: University of Indiana Press, 1973.
  650. Save Citation »Export Citation »E-mail Citation »
  651. The Mexican church’s supporters in the United States carried influence with their government.
  652. Find this resource:
  653. Richmond, Douglas. Venustiano Carranza’s Nationalist Struggle, 1893–1920. Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 1983.
  654. Save Citation »Export Citation »E-mail Citation »
  655. Based on primary sources this work has stood the test of time, being the best account we have of the “First Chief” of the Revolution.
  656. Find this resource:
  657. Saenz, Aaron. La politica internacional de la Revolucion: Estudios y Documentos. Mexico City: Fondo de Cultura Economica, 1961.
  658. Save Citation »Export Citation »E-mail Citation »
  659. A valuable collection of sources used by Mexican historians.
  660. Find this resource:
  661. Ulloa, Berta. La revolucion intervenida: Relaciones diplomaticas entre Mexico y Estados Unidos, 1910–1914. Mexico City: El Colegio de Mexico, 1976.
  662. Save Citation »Export Citation »E-mail Citation »
  663. A useful coverage of diplomatic sources.
  664. Find this resource:
  665. US Invasions: Tampico, Veracruz, and Pershing Expedition
  666.  
  667. Barber 1914, Stout 1999, and Harris and Sadler 2009 examine the armed incursions of the United States into Mexico that occurred at the behest of private and government initiatives. Filibusterers connected to leading New York bankers and Texas expansionists account for most of the invasions of Mexico, but the most important moments have come about at the initiative of the US government. Blaisdell 1962, Quirk 1962, Stout 1999, and Trow 1971 cover the wide range of motives and circumstances for each event. Vanderwood and Samponaro 1988 capture the ethos of the times.
  668.  
  669. Barber, Amherst Willoughby, ed. The benevolent raid of Lew Wallace; how Mexico was saved in 1864; the Monroe Doctrine in action; testimony of a survivor, private Justus Brooks. Washington, DC: D.C.R. Beresford, 1914.
  670. Save Citation »Export Citation »E-mail Citation »
  671. Reveals the confidence of some 19th-century Americans that they offered the opportunity for freedom and advancement.
  672. Find this resource:
  673. Blaisdell, Lowell. The Desert Revolution: Baja California, 1911. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, 1962.
  674. Save Citation »Export Citation »E-mail Citation »
  675. The invasion of Baja California from Southern California by supporters of Mexican anarchist revolutionary Ricardo Flores Magón was a revolutionary exception to the usual pattern of elite-led actions.
  676. Find this resource:
  677. Harris, Charles H., and Louis R. Sadler. The Secret War in El Paso. Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press, 2009.
  678. Save Citation »Export Citation »E-mail Citation »
  679. El Paso as the center of Villista intrigue and United States’ intelligence activities during the Revolution. The United States implemented its knowledge during the Pershing Expedition.
  680. Find this resource:
  681. Quirk, Robert. An Affair of Honor: Woodrow Wilson and the Occupation of Veracruz. Lexington: University of Kentucky Press, 1962.
  682. Save Citation »Export Citation »E-mail Citation »
  683. A well written underestimation of the invasion of 1914.
  684. Find this resource:
  685. Stout, James Allen. Border Conflict: Villistas, Carrancistas, and the Punitive Expedition, 1915–1920. Fort Worth: Texas Christian University Press, 1999.
  686. Save Citation »Export Citation »E-mail Citation »
  687. The most intensive research available.
  688. Find this resource:
  689. Trow, Richard. “Woodrow Wilson and the Mexican Interventionist Movement of 1919.” Journal of American History 58 (1971): 46–72.
  690. DOI: 10.2307/1890080Save Citation »Export Citation »E-mail Citation »
  691. The president resisted chauvinistic efforts to intrude.
  692. Find this resource:
  693. Vanderwood, Paul, and Frank Samponaro. Border Fury: A Picture Postcard Record of Mexico’s Revolution and U.S. War Preparations. Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press, 1988.
  694. Save Citation »Export Citation »E-mail Citation »
  695. Examines valuable cultural artifacts.
  696. Find this resource:
  697. Interactions during the Programmatic Revolution, 1920–1940
  698.  
  699. Between 1920 and 1940 the Mexican leadership sought to find stability and to fulfill promises made to the public in its revolutionary pronouncements while placating US interests. These efforts which included the Tratado de Bucareli, land reform via the Plan Seis de Enero de 1916, and the Constitution are covered by Hall 1995 and Meyer 1977, by Schuler 1998, in international context; Silva Herzog 1964, in the national political perspective; Dwyer 2008 and Hart 2003 treat the prolonged agrarian crisis from the perspective of political economy.
  700.  
  701. Dwyer, John. The Agrarian Dispute: The Expropriation of American-Owned Rural Land in Postrevolutionary Mexico. Durham, NC: Duke University Press, 2008.
  702. Save Citation »Export Citation »E-mail Citation »
  703. A helpful study of Mexican nationalism.
  704. Find this resource:
  705. Hall, Linda. Oil, Banks, and Politics: The United States and Postrevolutionary Mexico, 1917–1924. Austin: University of Texas Press, 1995.
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  707. A careful treatment of the complex of forces that came into play during the revolutionary regime’s search for recognition and legitimacy.
  708. Find this resource:
  709. Hart, John Mason. Empire and Revolution: The Americans in Mexico since the Civil War. Berkeley: University of California Press, 2003.
  710. Save Citation »Export Citation »E-mail Citation »
  711. Treats the complex process of nationalizing infrastructure and resources, including polity and global context.
  712. Find this resource:
  713. Meyer, Lorenzo. Mexico and the United States in the Oil Controversy, 1917–1942. Austin: University of Texas Press 1977.
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  715. One of the best works treating the power of the oil companies and the strategic imperatives that emerged as a result of the onset of World War II.
  716. Find this resource:
  717. Schuler, Friedrich. Mexico between Hitler and Roosevelt: Mexican Foreign Relations in the Age of Lazaro Cardenas. Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press, 1998.
  718. Save Citation »Export Citation »E-mail Citation »
  719. A superb research accomplishment.
  720. Find this resource:
  721. Silva Herzog, Jesus. Historia de la expropriacion de las empresas petroleras. Mexico City: Instituto Mexicano de Investigaciones Economicas, 1964.
  722. Save Citation »Export Citation »E-mail Citation »
  723. Slightly dated but important by virtue of the author’s personal experience.
  724. Find this resource:
  725. Border Issues in the 20th Century
  726.  
  727. The US-Mexico border presents a complex history characterized by cultural and economic intercourse combined with the juxtaposition of wealth and poverty. These listings portray these conditions using statistics, observations of migrants and miners, and describing the efforts to improve conditions. Bell and Smallwood 1982 examine the peculiar accommodations made to facilitate commerce. Lorey 1990 and Lorey 1999, offers a statistical data base. Hart 1996, examines the results of migration; while Weber 1982 presents a general history. The social transformation of the region is treated by Resendez 2005.
  728.  
  729. Bell, Samuel, and James Smallwood. “Zona Libre: Trade and Diplomacy on the Mexican Border, 1858–1905.” Arizona and the West 24 (1982): 119–152.
  730. Save Citation »Export Citation »E-mail Citation »
  731. Covers an important and often neglected topic.
  732. Find this resource:
  733. Hart, John Mason. Border Crossings: Mexican and Mexican American Workers. Wilmington, DE: Scholarly Resources, 1996.
  734. Save Citation »Export Citation »E-mail Citation »
  735. Examines continuities in labor and community practices.
  736. Find this resource:
  737. Lorey, David. United States-Mexico Border Statistics since 1900. Los Angeles: Center for Latin American Studies, 1990.
  738. Save Citation »Export Citation »E-mail Citation »
  739. A strong reference source.
  740. Find this resource:
  741. Lorey, David. The U.S. Mexican Border in the Twentieth Century. Wilmington, DE: Scholarly Resources, 1999.
  742. Save Citation »Export Citation »E-mail Citation »
  743. A data-based presentation of conditions past and present.
  744. Find this resource:
  745. Resendez, Andres. Changing National Identities at the Frontier: Texas and New Mexico, 1800–1950. London: Cambridge University Press, 2005.
  746. Save Citation »Export Citation »E-mail Citation »
  747. Provides cultural context.
  748. Find this resource:
  749. Weber, David. The Mexican Frontier, 1821–1840: The American Southwest Under Mexico. Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press, 1982.
  750. Save Citation »Export Citation »E-mail Citation »
  751. A thematic overview.
  752. Find this resource:
  753. American Colonies and Residents in Mexico
  754.  
  755. The presence of tens of thousands of Americans in Mexico in the late 19th century and an average of 500,000 residents and 500,000 tourists at any one time since the 1960s has made the protection of US citizens a major priority of the two governments. Indeed, the Romney family, three generations removed from the 2012 US Republican presidential candidate, are leading citizens of Colonia Juarez, eighteen miles west of Casas Grandes, Chihuahua. Dunn 1933 demonstrates the longstanding US government representation of expat and short term visitors’ interests. Hatch 1954 complements the more general works of Tullis 1987, and Johnson 1972 and Romney 1938, to offer personal testimony. Herr 1999, tells the harrowing experience of the revolution. Schell 2001 and Tuñón Pablos, et al. 1999 treat the large and important American colony in Mexico City.
  756.  
  757. Dunn, Frederick Sherwood. The Diplomatic Protection of Americans in Mexico. New York: Columbia University Press, 1933.
  758. Save Citation »Export Citation »E-mail Citation »
  759. A resume of state department measures taken to protect American interests, but mostly individuals. Omits discussion of many large US interests.
  760. Find this resource:
  761. Hatch, Nelle Spilsbury. Colonia Juarez: An Intimate Account of a Mormon Village. Salt Lake City, UT: Deseret Book, 1954.
  762. Save Citation »Export Citation »E-mail Citation »
  763. A well written reminiscence. The Hatch family is three generations removed from the senator from Utah. Their home still stands near the entrance to Colonia Juarez.
  764. Find this resource:
  765. Herr, Robert Woodhouse. “Quien Vive?”: An American Family in the Mexican Revolution. Wilmington, DE: Scholarly Resources, 1999.
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  767. This is the best report of the colonist-refugee experience during the revolution.
  768. Find this resource:
  769. Johnson, Annie R. Heartbeats of Colonia Diaz. Mesa, AZ: By the Author, 1972.
  770. Save Citation »Export Citation »E-mail Citation »
  771. A portrait of community life, prior to and during the Mexican Revolution, as experienced by the US-Mormon colonists.
  772. Find this resource:
  773. Romney, Thomas Cottam. The Mormon Colonies in Mexico. Salt Lake City: Deseret Book, 1938.
  774. Save Citation »Export Citation »E-mail Citation »
  775. The Romney family took part in the development of the seven Mormon colonies created and still found in Chihuahua and Sonora.
  776. Find this resource:
  777. Schell, William, Jr. Integral Outsiders: The American Colony in Mexico City, 1876–1911. Wilmington, DE: Scholarly Resources, 2001.
  778. Save Citation »Export Citation »E-mail Citation »
  779. Solid research regarding a diverse citizenry some of whom exacted considerable influence on the Mexican people and government.
  780. Find this resource:
  781. Tullis, F. Lamond. Mormons in Mexico: The Dynamics of Faith and Culture. Ogden: Utah State University Press, 1987.
  782. Save Citation »Export Citation »E-mail Citation »
  783. A well written and comprehensive treatment of the Mormon colonization effort in Mexico.
  784. Find this resource:
  785. Tuñón Pablos, Julia, et al., eds. Norteamericanos en la Ciudad de Mexico. Mexico City: Instituto de Cultura de la Ciudad de Mexico, 1999.
  786. Save Citation »Export Citation »E-mail Citation »
  787. Written by three of Mexico’s leading cultural historians, this work provides a valuable measure of cultural impact.
  788. Find this resource:
  789. Immigration
  790.  
  791. In 2012 there were 31,800,000 residents in the United States that claimed at least some Mexican parentage. Around 60 percent of the 11,000,000 individuals in the country without legal authorization were born in Mexico. Alvarez 1987; Calavita 1992; and Massey, et al. 2003, examine economic and racial effects. Gabaccia and Ruiz 2000 and Iskander 2010 offer comparative perspectives, while Hernandez 2010 reports on the border enforcement agencies. The vast literature treating this situation is slanted by recent nativist tirades. Walling 1927 transcends that problem to some extent. Written just before the 1930s, when immigration conditions were about to get much worse, this early work is a useful measure of US attitudes at the roots. The other listings offer serious appraisals.
  792.  
  793. Alvarez, Robert. Familia, Migration and Adaptation in Baja and Alta California, 1800–1975. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1987.
  794. Save Citation »Export Citation »E-mail Citation »
  795. The socialization of the migrant population.
  796. Find this resource:
  797. Calavita, Kitty. Inside the State: The Bracero Program, Immigration, and the INS. New York: Routledge, 1992.
  798. Save Citation »Export Citation »E-mail Citation »
  799. Deep injustices, fraud and abuse are overcome by the newcomers who go on to have a positive effect.
  800. Find this resource:
  801. Gabaccia, Donna R., and Vicki L. Ruiz, eds. American Dreaming, Global Realities: Rethinking U.S. Immigration History. Urbana and Chicago: University of Illinois Press, 2000.
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  803. This comprehensive and excellent work covers immigration to the north from Mexico to the US and the backflow to Mexico.
  804. Find this resource:
  805. Hernandez, Kelly Lytle. Migra! A History of the United States Border Patrol. Berkeley: University of California Press, 2010.
  806. Save Citation »Export Citation »E-mail Citation »
  807. Provides needed insight regarding the uneven practices of a federal agency with much authority and inadequate staff.
  808. Find this resource:
  809. Iskander, Natasha. Creative State: Forty Years of Migration and Development Policy in Morocco and Mexico. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 2010.
  810. Save Citation »Export Citation »E-mail Citation »
  811. A comparative and contextual assessment of state strategies.
  812. Find this resource:
  813. Massey, Douglas, Jorge Durand, and Nolan Malone. Beyond Smoke and Mirrors: Mexican Immigration in an Era of Economic Integration. New York: Russell Sage Foundation, 2003.
  814. Save Citation »Export Citation »E-mail Citation »
  815. Provides high expertise in sociology and human geography.
  816. Find this resource:
  817. Walling, William English. The Mexican Question: Mexican and Mexican American Relations under Calles and Obregon. New York: Robins, 1927.
  818. Save Citation »Export Citation »E-mail Citation »
  819. Offers a specific time frame with contemporary analysis.
  820. Find this resource:
  821. Mexican Americans and Repatriation
  822.  
  823. Acuña 2010 and Rosales 1996 treat the Mexican-American experience in the U.S., which has been mixed, characterized by US conquest and followed by the later ambivalent reception given by the greater US Anglo citizenry. Alvarez 2009, Balderama and Rodriguez 1995, Pagan 2003, and Vargas 2010 critique the negative Anglo-American postures. Guerin Gonzalez 1994 and Sanchez 1995 provide a wide background. At the same time a majority of the American populace appreciate their architecture, cuisine, music, and military heroism. During times of economic expansion their arrival has been welcomed and in times of economic travail many have been ejected from the country. Mexican Americans are often confused with their more recently arrived and undocumented compatriates. These selections reflect the accomplishments and travails of Mexican Americans. This section attempts to represent a massive body of literature and should be used in conjunction with our choices in the treatment of the border and labor.
  824.  
  825. Acuña, Rodlofo. Occupied American: A History of Chicanos. 7th ed. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Prentice Hall, 2010.
  826. Save Citation »Export Citation »E-mail Citation »
  827. The original and classic history of the Mexican American people.
  828. Find this resource:
  829. Alonzo, Armando. Tejano Legacy: Rancheros and Settlers in South Texas, 1734–1900. Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press, 1998.
  830. Save Citation »Export Citation »E-mail Citation »
  831. Part of a wave of fine new books treating the Rio Grande Valley.
  832. Find this resource:
  833. Alvarez, Luis. The Power of the Zoot: Youth Culture and Resistance during World War II. Berkeley: University of California Press, 2009.
  834. Save Citation »Export Citation »E-mail Citation »
  835. A study of cultural and political transformation.
  836. Find this resource:
  837. Balderama, Francisco, and Raymond Rodriguez. Decade of Betrayal: Mexican Repatriation During the 1930s. Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press, 1995.
  838. Save Citation »Export Citation »E-mail Citation »
  839. A sober assessment of a horrific experience.
  840. Find this resource:
  841. Guerin Gonzalez, Camille. Mexican Workers and American Dreams: Immigration, Repatriation, and California Farm Labor, 1900–1930. New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University Press, 1994.
  842. Save Citation »Export Citation »E-mail Citation »
  843. A focused study that provides depth of understanding regarding one of the nation’s most important concentrations of migrant farm workers.
  844. Find this resource:
  845. Pagan, Eduardo. Murder at the Sleepy Lagoon: Zoot Suits, Race and Riot in Wartime Los Angeles. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2003.
  846. Save Citation »Export Citation »E-mail Citation »
  847. A pioneering effort into the polity and culture of East Los Angeles at a critical moment in US history.
  848. Find this resource:
  849. Rosales, Francisco. Chicano: The History of the Mexican American Civil Rights Movement. Houston: Arte Público, 1996.
  850. Save Citation »Export Citation »E-mail Citation »
  851. A powerful treatment of the emergent Mexican American people of the US Southwest. An essential reading.
  852. Find this resource:
  853. Sanchez, George. Becoming Mexican-American: Ethnicity, Identity, and Culture in Los Angeles, 1900–1945. London: Oxford University Press, 1995.
  854. Save Citation »Export Citation »E-mail Citation »
  855. A solid resume of Mexican economic history relating it to immigration and the Mexican presence in the United States.
  856. Find this resource:
  857. Vargas, Zaragoza. Crucible of Struggle: A History of Mexican Americans from the Colonial Period to the Present Era. London: Oxford University Press, 2010.
  858. Save Citation »Export Citation »E-mail Citation »
  859. Presents an overview with an emphasis on political and economic evolution.
  860. Find this resource:
  861. Labor Relations
  862.  
  863. Considered here are the rare but important bilateral connections between the workers of the two nations; and their attempts at cooperation and confederation. Andrews 1991 treats the early official contacts while Caulfield 1995 and Cockcroft 1968 examine grassroots and radical organizers. Bustamante, et al. 1992, and Mize and Swords 2010 provide a wide perspective. Christi 2011, Cohen 2011, and Garcia Canales 2002 provide in-depth analyses of specific unions and industries.
  864.  
  865. Andrews, Gregg. Shoulder to Shoulder? The American Federation of Labor, the United States, and the Mexican Revolution, 1910–1924. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1991.
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  867. An excellent treatment that evokes misgivings regarding the venal motives of the AFL leadership on behalf of US capitalists.
  868. Find this resource:
  869. Bustamante, Jorge, Clark Reynolds, and Raul Hinojosa Ojeda, eds. U.S.-Mexico Relations: Labor Market Interdependence. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press, 1992.
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  871. An early effort to explain what turned out to be a lopsided relationship.
  872. Find this resource:
  873. Caulfield, Norman. “Wobblies and Mexican Workers in Mining and Petroleum, 1905–1924.” International Review of Social History 40 (1995).
  874. Save Citation »Export Citation »E-mail Citation »
  875. Treats the activities and influence of the Industrial Workers of the World and the Western Federation of Miners from the copper mines of Sonora to the oil fields of Tampico.
  876. Find this resource:
  877. Christi, Jamie C. “!Somos Petroleros! Mexican Workers Challenge to the El Aguila Oil Company, 1900–1938.” Phd diss., University of Houston, 2011.
  878. Save Citation »Export Citation »E-mail Citation »
  879. Based on the archives of the Mexican National Oil Company, Petroleos Mexicanos, this is the best study so far of US oil capital, its profitability, record in labor relations, the role of US workers, and its eventual demise.
  880. Find this resource:
  881. Cockcroft, James. Intellectual Precursors of the Mexican Revolution, 1900–1913. Austin: University of Texas Press, 1968.
  882. Save Citation »Export Citation »E-mail Citation »
  883. A landmark book that traces the Magonists movement headquartered in Southern California and other Mexican and US radicals into Cananea, Rio Blanco, rural Chihuahua and Mexico City setting the stage for the revolution that followed.
  884. Find this resource:
  885. Cohen, Debra. Braceeros: Migrant Citizens and Transnational Subjects in the Post War United States and Mexico. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2011.
  886. Save Citation »Export Citation »E-mail Citation »
  887. Transnational history, treats the lives of the migrant workers and government steps and missteps.
  888. Find this resource:
  889. Garcia Canales, Teresa. La Union de Marineros y Fogoneros del Golfo contra El Aguila y sus Companies Navieras. Mexico City: Boletin del Archivo Historico de Petroleos Mexicanos, 2002.
  890. Save Citation »Export Citation »E-mail Citation »
  891. The strikes against El Aguila were important in the forging of Mexican nationalism vis a vis US companies.
  892. Find this resource:
  893. Mize, Ronald, and Alicia C. S. Swords. Consuming Mexican Labor: From the Bracero Program to NAFTA. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 2010.
  894. Save Citation »Export Citation »E-mail Citation »
  895. This work compares and contrasts the motives that lie behind the history of migration between Mexico and the United States. The movement of people has been encouraged when the United States faced labor shortages and discouraged, often with extreme measures, when jobs are scarce in the United States.
  896. Find this resource:
  897. NAFTA
  898.  
  899. The North American Free Trade agreement between the United States and Mexico was adopted by an alliance of moderate Democrats with the Republican party over the opposition of the American Federation of Labor and Congress of Industrial Organizations while in Mexico the National Action Party and Institutional Revolutionary Party united forces against the Party of the Democratic Revolution to adopt what they called the TLC, Tratado de Libre Comercio. The adherents argued that it would bring about a cornucopia and the opposition countered that it would degrade working people on both sides of the border. These essays reflect the spectrum of thought in academia. NAFTA has attracted considerable attention because of its centrality to the bilateral relationship and as a model of free trade for the world. Personal witnessing and the use of archival sources separates the following works from their peers. Cameron and Tomlin 2002 provides an on-the-spot report. Babb 2001 provides an economic perspective. Castañeda 1995, Caulfield 2010, and Domínguez and Fernández de Castro 2001 take the reader inside the thinking of the negotiators. Moreno-Brid and Ros 2009 provides a longer-range context, while Tello 2007 exposes the treaty’s shortcomings.
  900.  
  901. Babb, Sarah. Managing Mexico: Economists from Nationalism to Neoliberalism. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 2001.
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  903. Treats the evolution of economic thought regarding exchange between the United States and one of its principal trading partners.
  904. Find this resource:
  905. Cameron, Maxwell A., and Brian W. Tomlin. The Making of NAFTA: How the Deal was Done. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 2002.
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  907. Based on numerous interviews of participants and archival research, the authors take the reader into the negotiations.
  908. Find this resource:
  909. Castañeda, Jorge. The Mexican Shock: Its Meaning for the United States. New York: New Press, 1995.
  910. Save Citation »Export Citation »E-mail Citation »
  911. The inside story by the Mexican minister of foreign relations
  912. Find this resource:
  913. Caulfield, Norman. NAFTA and Labor in North America. Urbana and Chicago: University of Illinois Press, 2010.
  914. Save Citation »Export Citation »E-mail Citation »
  915. Based on the archives of the trilateral commission for labor abuses created by the NAFTA agreement, this is the best book available on the labor system created by that treaty.
  916. Find this resource:
  917. Domínguez, Jorge, and Rafael Fernández de Castro. The United States and Mexico: Between Partnership and Conflict. London: Routledge, 2001.
  918. Save Citation »Export Citation »E-mail Citation »
  919. Provide a Mexican and critical perspective on the unequal partners, both side seeking a more prosperous future.
  920. Find this resource:
  921. Maxwell, Cameron, and Brian Tomlin. The Making of NAFTA: How the Deal was Done. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 2000.
  922. Save Citation »Export Citation »E-mail Citation »
  923. An inside report on how the deal was made.
  924. Find this resource:
  925. Moreno-Brid, Juan Carlos, and Jaime Ros. Development and Growth in the Mexican Economy: A Historical Perspective. London: Oxford University Press, 2009.
  926. DOI: 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195371161.001.1Save Citation »Export Citation »E-mail Citation »
  927. Explains the shortcomings of neo-liberalism and the reasons for NAFTA.
  928. Find this resource:
  929. Tello, Carlos. Estado y desarrollo economica: Mexico 1920–2006. Mexico City: Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico, 2007.
  930. Save Citation »Export Citation »E-mail Citation »
  931. This sophisticated book, written by Mexico’s foremost economist, argues that US-supported neo-liberal free trade introduced by President Miguel de la Madrid is a disaster for the Mexican economy, causing it to “flat line for the last thirty years” (1982–2010).
  932. Find this resource:
  933. Drug Cartels
  934.  
  935. These issues have emerged as central to the US-Mexico relationship. Over 50 million relatively wealthy consumers in the United States demand marijuana, cocaine, amphetamines, and other illegal drugs. The seriously impoverished campesinos of rural Mexico and laboratories from Chiapas to Chihuahua produce these products, while organized criminal groups store, transport, and distribute them. Campbell 2009 carries unparalleled knowledge of conditions between the Copper Canyon and Ciudad Juarez. Grillo 2011 and Velasco 2005 provide a view of Mexico’s internal issues. Langton 2012 and Vulliamy 2010 treat the spread of cartel operations across the international border, while Shirk 2011 summarizes and offers possible solutions.
  936.  
  937. Campbell, Howard. Drug War Zone: Frontline Dispatches from the Streets of El Paso and Juarez. Austin: University of Texas Press, 2009.
  938. Save Citation »Export Citation »E-mail Citation »
  939. The author takes us as close to the action as possible. He has traveled throughout the state of Chihuahua for decades examining its geography and knows its localities on an intimate basis.
  940. Find this resource:
  941. Grillo, Ioan. El Narco: Inside Mexico’s Criminal Insurgency. New York: Bloomsbury, 2011.
  942. Save Citation »Export Citation »E-mail Citation »
  943. Well written and researched, considering its contemporary nature. This book treats the most important issue between the two nations with unusual insight.
  944. Find this resource:
  945. Langton, Jerry. Gangland: The Rise of the Mexican Drug Cartels from El Paso to Vancouver. New York: Wiley, 2012.
  946. Save Citation »Export Citation »E-mail Citation »
  947. Examines cartel operations and infrastructure in the United States and Canada.
  948. Find this resource:
  949. Shirk, David A. The Drug War in Mexico: Confronting a Shared Threat. Washington, DC: The Council on Foreign Relations, 2011.
  950. Save Citation »Export Citation »E-mail Citation »
  951. Links the decline of Mexican security and law enforcement to the failure to sustain a robust economy. Traces the US response to the deepening crisis.
  952. Find this resource:
  953. Velasco, Jose. Insurgency, Authoritarianism, and Drug Trafficing in Mexico’s Democratization. London: Routledge, 2005.
  954. Save Citation »Export Citation »E-mail Citation »
  955. Examines the challenge of widening criminality to Mexican polity.
  956. Find this resource:
  957. Vulliamy, Ed. Amexica: War along the Borderline. New York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 2010.
  958. Save Citation »Export Citation »E-mail Citation »
  959. Examines the issues of migration and drugs to the quality of life along the US-Mexican border.
  960. Find this resource:
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