2017-07-18 TOEFL: word roots, reading summary

Greg Malivuk
[email protected]
http://www.pastebin.com/u/gmalivuk - notes from all classes
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Word Roots (list 2) - With your partner, try to think of one or two words to explain the meaning of each root.
cert = sure
chrom = color
chron = time
circum = around
claim/clam = shout
clar = clear
cline = lean/turn
co = together
	spelling rules:
	“col” before ‘l’: collaborate, colleague, collocation
	“cor” before ‘r’: correlate, corroborate
	“com” before ‘m’, ‘p’, and ‘b’: commiserate, company, combat
	“con” before other consonants
	“co” before vowels and in new words like “copilot” and “coworker”
cogni = know
contra = against
corp = body
cred = believe
crypto = hidden
de = down/away
dem/demo = people
di = two (this can also be the spelling of dis=apart and dia=through before some consonants)
dict = say
domin = command/master
don = give
duct = lead (this is also the root in “education” and the noble title of “Duke”)
dyna = power
dys = bad
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TOEFL Test format:
Reading - 3-4 passages, 20 minutes to answer (14 or 15) questions about each one
Listening - 2-3 sets of three listenings each (one conversation and two classroom lectures or discussions)
	- 10 minutes to choose the answers for each set (there are usually about 17 questions in a set)
	(10-minute break)
Speaking - six tasks, 45-60 seconds of speaking for each task, section takes about 20 minutes total
Writing - two tasks, integrated (20m) and independent (30m), about 1 hour total
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Reading section - 13-15 multiple choice questions for each passage
	- Most questions can be answered without reading the full passage first.
There are about 10 different types of questions for the reading section:
- vocabulary
- fact
- negative fact
- purpose
- inference
- reference
- paraphrase
- sentence insertion
- summarize
- organize/categorize
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Summary questions: Choose the three sentences that express the most important ideas in the passage.
DELTA p. 151 - Read the answer choices. Which do you think are minor ideas from the passage (and thus not correct answers)?
- The dulcimer was a flat wooden…
- The gramophone… (This may be a major idea in the overall history of the piano, but it’s not an important point about the beginning of that history.)
(The other incorrect choice is “Composers were slow…”, because this is not mentioned in the passage.)
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p. 152 - Take 3 minutes to read the passage and choose the three correct answers. Then check with your partner. Explain why you think your answers are correct if you disagree.
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BREAK
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p. 152 - A C F
not B - This sentence is about oil paintings, but the main idea is watercolors.
not D - This wasn’t mentioned and would be a minor detail even if it had been.
not E - This is a specific example of the general point from F. (This tells us what the painting was, but not why or how it was important to Homer’s overall work.)
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Handout (Cambridge) p. 217-218 exercise R22 - Read each paragraph and decide if the following sentences are Summaries, Details, or Not mentioned in the passage. (Each paragraph has one of each letter.)
1 N S D
2 N D S
3 S N D
4 D N S
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http://learnersdictionary.com/
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GIGO = garbage in, garbage out
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DELTA p. 157-158 - Take 6 minutes to answer these questions about the Mathematicians passage. (Remember, it’s usually best to skim the passage but don’t try to read it carefully before you start the questions.)
1 (paraphrase) D
2 (fact) A
3 (vocabulary) C
4 (summary) B C E
159-160 - Do the same with this passage.
5 purpose - B
6 vocabulary - C
7 paraphrase - A
8 summary - A C F
161-162 - Do the same.
1 purpose - C
2 negative fact - B
3 vocabulary - A
4 summary - B D E
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Homework: p. 153-156 - Complete exercise 1.8.A
	Also: p. 162-163 - Complete exercise 1.8.C