2014-11-26 Structure: future time

Greg Malivuk
[email protected]
http://www.pastebin.com/u/gmalivuk
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Normal classes today, no class Thursday or Fri.
(because of Thanksgiving)
Class on December 24 (until 12:15), and again January 5.
No classes between those times because of Christmas and New Years.
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Homework: p. 20 exercise 2, p. 22 exercise 4
exercise 2
2 didn't happen
3 got
4 came ("a week later" is still in the past)
5 thought
6 I've ever met
7 called up
8 asked
9 wanted
10 made
11 led
12 I've never known
13 's always loved (now she's talking about the present)
14 've never been able
exercise 4
2 By the time they both returned to their hometown about a year ago, Jim had completed four years of military service and Jennifer had graduated from college.
3 By the time they saw each other again, Jennifer had started teaching and Jim had taken a job as a computer programmer.
4 When they ran into each other in a drugstore one morning, neither had gone out on any dates. (or: "had been out")
(In perfect tenses, it's common to use "been" instead of "gone".)
5 Because he had woken up with a splitting headache, Jim drove to Olson's Drugstore.
6 Jennifer also went to Olson's because her younger sister had fallen and hurt herself and needed medicine.
7 A week had passed when Jim asked Jennifer out on a date.
8 When Jim and Jennifer got married, they had dated for three months. (or: "had been dating")
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Because...,
When...,
Although...,
- these are adverb clauses

If you start a sentence with an adverb clause, you need a comma in the middle of the sentence.
You don't need a comma if the adverb clause is last.

Clauses about time (when, before) and condition (if, unless) never use the future tense:
When I get home, I will eat lunch.
If it rains tomorrow, I will stay in my house.

Because he had a headache, Jim drove to the store.
Because Jim had a headache, he drove to the store.
Jim drove to the store because he had a headache.
(these sentences are all okay, we understand that "he" means "Jim")

* He drove to the store because Jim had a headache.
(in this sentence "he" is someone else, not Jim)
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jet lag
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p. 32

excruciatingly = extremely, in a bad way
out of whack = not working correctly
pickpocket = a person who secretly steals things from people's pockets
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Plans / Decisions about the future:

future with "will":
I will meet with him tomorrow.
= I'm making this decision right now.

[be] going to + base form:
I am going to meet with him tomorrow.
= I already made the decision earlier. (now it's a plan)

present progressive:
I am meeting with him tomorrow.
= I made the decision and I made some arrangements (for example he also knows this is our plan).

present simple:
I meet with him tomorrow.
= decision + arrangement + schedule (I've made more formal, official arrangements, for example I wrote it in my appointment book.)
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Predictions about the future (things I can't arrange):

It will be cold on Sunday.
It's going to be cold on Sunday.
(these have the same meaning in this case)

If I see evidence right now that makes me sure about my prediction, I should use "going to":
Look at those clouds. It's going to rain very soon.
Watch out! Your phone is going to fall off the table.
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Homework: p. 44 (you can check your answers in the back of the book)