Structure 2014-07-03 adverb(ial) phrases

Homework: p. 329 Exercise 1
2 While sports may look good on the surface - contrast
3 Because he penalized a player in the 2008 European Championships - reason
4 When the Olympic games ... - time
5 if an enemy was chasing you - condition
6 Although athletes still try to achieve their personal best - contrast
7 until I remembered the key factor... - time
8 though it's not really... - contrast
9 wherever we look - place
10 Once we assume violence is inevitable - time

handout
1 c
2 d
3 a
4 b
5 c
6 a
7 b
8 a
9 b
10 d
11 b

In the event that fireworks are cancelled tonight, they will be on Saturday. ("in the event that" = "if" for future real conditionals)

I had had lunch already when you called me.
I had had "had" on my paper, but I should have had "had had".
James, while John had had "had had", had had "had". "Had had" had had a better effect on the teacher.
I know that that "that" had had "had" before it, but then you changed it.

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When you are in Rome, do as the Romans do. (adverb clause of time)
When in Rome, do as the Romans do.         (adverb phrase of time)

While I was watching TV, I ate my dinner.
While watching TV, I ate my dinner.

While I was watching TV, the telephone rang.
* While watching TV, the telephone rang. (the phone was watching TV)

While I was watching TV, John read a book. (I watched TV)
While watching TV, John read a book. (John watched TV)

Before we left, we called the hotel to check our reservations.
Before leaving, we called...
Before we leave, we will need to call the hotel. (no future tense in time clauses - only present and past)
Before leaving, we will need to call the hotel.
Before leaving, we had called the hotel.

When I got home, I made dinner.
Upon getting home, I made dinner. / On getting home, I made dinner.

Adverb phrases still include conjunctions (when, before, until, etc.)
Adverbial phrases don't.

While I was watching TV, I ate my dinner. (adverb clause)
While watching TV, I ate my dinner. (adverb phrase)
Watching TV, I ate my dinner. (adverbial phrase)
- "while" or "when" (or "upon" if it's already an adverb phrase)
- same subject in both clauses

Getting home, I made dinner.

Waiting at the hospital, they were deeply troubled. (while waiting)
Hearing the news, they decided what to do. (when they heard/upon hearing)
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Adverbial phrases of reason:

Not having enough money for a restaurant, I ate dinner at home.
(Because I didn't have enough money, I ate at home.)
Being interested in Arctic exploration, I bought the book.
(Because I was interested in Arctic exploration, I bought the book.)
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Reasons in the past:
Because I had already read the book, I knew how the movie ended.
Having already read the book, I knew how the movie ended.

Having studied well, I passed the test.
(Because I had studied well, I passed the test.)
Having discussed it the day before, we were ready to make a decision.
(Because we had discussed it, we were ready to decide.)
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Passive reasons:
Because he was charged with a crime by the police, he had to go to court.
         Being charged with a crime by the police, he had to go to court.
               Charged with a crime by the police, he had to go to court.
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p. 346 Exercise 1B
2 Y
3 Y
4 N - shots were before shattering
5 N - took off before outdistancing
6 Y
7 Y
8 Y

"How many of us would do the same thing, given the chance?"
		--------		= if we were given the chance
"How many of you did the same thing, given the chance?"
		 ---			= when you were given the chance

"Given the weather, I think I will stay at home."
Because the weather is bad, I think I'll stay home.

How many of you would buy a car, given the money?

Given the price in pounds, how many dollars does this cost?
Given the traffic today, how long do you think the drive will take?
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Homework: p. 347 ex. 2, p. 350-351 ex. 4