2015-01-14 Evening: passives and immigration

Greg Malivuk
[email protected]
http://www.pastebin.com/u/gmalivuk
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Next Classes:
* Tuesday, January 20 (no school on Monday due to MLK day)
Wednesday, January 21
Monday, January 26
(end of the current 6-week session)
Tuesday, January 27
Thursday, January 29
(now always Tuesdays and Thursdays)
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Homework: Grammar Book p. 61
exercise 8
1 Erin was seen with a new hairstyle outside the theater as she was waiting to go in.
2 Karen feels sad because she wasn't promoted and she has to carry on as if nothing happened.
(...she didn't get promoted... - we can use "get" instead of "be" for passives that happen to the subject and may change it, but we can't use it for verbs of creation)
3 The ball is thrown to Evans. Evans tries to go past Jennings, but he is stopped (by Jennings). It's a foul.
exercise 9
1 impossible - a (b needs "to them" to be correct)
2 inexplicable - b (we have "unexplained" but usually not "unexplainable")
3 knowledgeable - b
4 illegible - b (we also have the word "unreadable")
5 inaudible - a
6 unspeakable - b (we also have "indescribable")
7 reusable - a, b (both correct)
exercise 10
my younger sister was born
Lots of people came
I was given the job
each guest arrived
I was handed boxes
which were filled
that were wrapped
I was told
had to be placed in a pile
presents were brought
of being given so much
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General suffix spelling rules:
1) remove silent 'e' before suffixes that begin with vowels
	driving, loving, liking, taking, movable, sizable, lovable, likable
2) change 'y' to 'i' before all suffixes that don't begin with 'i'
	studies, happier, happiness, pitiable
3) repeat the final consonant if a word ends consonant-vowel-consonant (CVC)
   *and* the vowel has stress (not w, x, or y)
	stopped, beginning/beginner, stoppable, babysitter
		( opening / opener - 'o' is stressed, not 'e')
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Normally, silent 'e' is removed before adding a suffix that begins with a vowel:
driving, loving, liking, taking, ..., but also movable, sizable, etc.

However, after '-ce' or '-ge', we keep the 'e' before adding -able, because 'ca' has a /k/ sound and 'ga' has a /g/ sound, which would change the pronunciation:
*noticable "notikable"
-> noticeable "notice-able" (correct pronunciation)
*knowledgable "knowled-gable"
-> knowledgeable "knowledge-able"
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If a word ends with '-ic', the pronunciation is /k/, but before 'i' and 'e', 'c' is pronounced /s/:
traffic -> trafficking, trafficked (*trafficing "traffising")
picnic -> picnicking
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Words that end with '-ie' change to '-y' before adding -ing:
lie -> lying, die -> dying, vie -> vying
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(back to passives)

Women often bear children in hospitals. (present: bear)
My mother bore me in a hospital.	(past: bore)
Women have borne many children in hospitals.
I was born in a hospital.		(past participle: born or borne)

bear - birth
die - death
heal - health
steal - stealth

long - length
strong - strength
well - wealth (more or less)
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They were married on August 16, 2014. (correct but a bit formal)
They got married on August 16, 2014. (more common)

My classroom got painted while I was on vacation. (Okay - it changed the classroom, but the classroom already existed.)
* The Mona Lisa got painted by da Vinci. (Wrong - the Mona Lisa didn't exist before this action.)
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Raise the Issues p. 103 - Immigration

maiden name: a woman's family name before she got married

"Ellis Island name" - a name that comes from a change made when your ancestors immigrated to the United States (Ellis Island, in NYC, was the most common entry point for European immigrants for a long time)

hypocrite: someone who speaks one way but behaves in the opposite way
- Most Americans come from immigrant families, but now many of us complain about immigrants all the time.
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Gangs of New York (movie)
Copper (TV series)
(these are both about New York city about 150 years ago, including portrayals of immigrant life at that time)
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gentrification: when middle-class white people start to move into a "cheap" neighborhood, which usually causes the prices of everything to go up and the people who were living there before have to find somewhere else
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for TUESDAY January 20: Homework: p. 104-106 (background reading and vocabulary)