\documentclass{article}
\usepackage{polski}
\usepackage{graphicx}
\usepackage{array}
\graphicspath{ {figures/} }
\usepackage{hyperref}
\usepackage[singlelinecheck=false]{caption}

\renewcommand{\listtablename}{Spis wzorów}
\renewcommand{\tablename}{Wzór}

\begin{document}

\begin{table}[h]
    \begin{tabular}{}
        Twierdzenie Pitagorasa: \(a^2 + b^2 = c^2\)\\
        Twierdzenie Einsteina: \(E = mc^2\)

    \end{tabular}
\end{table}

\newpage

\begin{table}[h]
\caption{Wzory skróconego mnożenia}
    \begin{tabular}{}
       \((a + b)^2 = a^2 +2ab + b^2\)\\
       \((a - b)^2 = a^2 -2ab + b^2\)
    \end{tabular}
\end{table}

\newpage

\begin{table}[h]
\caption{Wzory trygonometryczne}
    \begin{tabular}{}
       \(sin(\alpha + \beta) = sin(\alpha)cos(\beta) + cos(\alpha)sin(\beta)\)\\
       \(cos(\alpha + \beta) = cos(\alpha)cos(\beta) - sin(\alpha)sin(\beta)\)
    \end{tabular}
\end{table}

\newpage

\listoftables

\end{document}