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prototyperspective

Science Summary - 2020, June

Jul 11th, 2020
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  2. / __| __ (_) ___ _ _ __ ___ / __| _ _ _ __ _ __ __ _ _ _ _ _
  3. \__ \ / _| | | / -_) | ' \ / _| / -_) \__ \ | || | | ' \ | ' \ / _` | | '_| | || |
  4. |___/ \__| |_| \___| |_||_| \__| \___| |___/ \_,_| |_|_|_| |_|_|_| \__,_| |_| \_, |
  5. |__/
  6. --------------------------------------- June 2020 ---------------------------------------
  7.  
  8. https://i.imgur.com/H9q6PqZ.jpg
  9.  
  10. Monthly newsletter: https://mailchi.mp/0a108ee2ca8b/scisum9g
  11. reddit: https://mailchi.mp/359cae84aa22/science_summary
  12.  
  13. ----------------- Selection -----------------
  14.  
  15. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_in_science
  16.  
  17. Items which I added to the Wikipedia list are marked with a star.
  18. Some more relevant information can be found on the list's talk page.
  19.  
  20. If you can't access a paper you could put sci-hub.se/ before the URL of the paper: https://sci-hub.se/study-url
  21.  
  22. ------------------ Sources ------------------
  23.  
  24. Extended childhood*
  25. https://phys.org/news/2020-06-childhoods-parenting-young-crows-smarter.html
  26. https://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/10.1098/rstb.2019.0495
  27.  
  28. Mass extinctions*
  29. https://www.nytimes.com/2020/06/01/science/mass-extinctions-are-accelerating-scientists-report.html
  30. https://www.pnas.org/content/117/24/13596
  31.  
  32. Reaction network*
  33. https://phys.org/news/2020-06-reveals-pathway-blocks-life.html
  34. https://www.pnas.org/content/117/24/13267
  35.  
  36. Foxes*
  37. https://phys.org/news/2020-06-city-foxes-similar-domesticated-dogs.html
  38. https://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/10.1098/rspb.2020.0763
  39.  
  40. COVID-19
  41. Hydroxychloroquine*
  42. https://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/jun/03/hydroxychloroquine-no-better-than-placebo-study-finds
  43. https://www.nejm.org/doi/10.1056/NEJMoa2016638
  44. NRP1*
  45. https://www.reuters.com/article/us-health-coronavirus-science-graphic-idUSKBN23J2YH
  46. https://www.biorxiv.org/content/biorxiv/early/2020/06/10/2020.06.07.137802.full.pdf
  47. https://www.biorxiv.org/content/biorxiv/early/2020/06/05/2020.06.05.134114.full.pdf
  48. Dexamethasone
  49. https://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/jun/16/steroid-found-to-help-prevent-deaths-of-sickest-coronavirus-patients
  50. http://www.ox.ac.uk/news/2020-06-16-dexamethasone-reduces-death-hospitalised-patients-severe-respiratory-complications
  51. Toilet flushing*
  52. https://phys.org/news/2020-06-flushing-toilets-clouds-virus-containing-particles.html
  53. https://aip.scitation.org/doi/10.1063/5.0013318
  54. Genes*
  55. https://www.news-medical.net/news/20200618/First-genome-wide-CRISPR-screen-reveals-genes-that-control-SARS-CoV-2-infection.aspx
  56. https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.06.16.155101v1
  57. Asymptomatic cases*
  58. https://www.reuters.com/article/us-health-coronavirus-italy-vo-idUSKBN241228
  59. https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-020-2488-1
  60.  
  61. Torpor*
  62. https://newatlas.com/medical/suspended-animation-torpor-induced-hibernation/
  63. https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-020-2387-5
  64. https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-020-2163-6
  65.  
  66. Technosignatures*
  67. https://phys.org/news/2020-06-intelligent-life-planets-technosignatures-clues.html
  68.  
  69. Black holes*
  70. https://phys.org/news/2020-06-year-old-theory-alien-civilization-exploit.html
  71. https://www.nature.com/articles/s41567-020-0944-3
  72.  
  73. _________
  74.  
  75. Yellowstone
  76. https://phys.org/news/2020-06-discovery-ancient-super-eruptions-yellowstone-hotspot.html
  77. https://pubs.geoscienceworld.org/gsa/geology/article/doi/10.1130/G47384.1/586793/Discovery-of-two-new-super-eruptions-from-the
  78.  
  79. Maya pyramid platform
  80. https://www.nationalgeographic.com/history/2020/06/massive-ancient-maya-ceremonial-complex-discovered-hiding-plain-sight/
  81. https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-020-2343-4
  82.  
  83. Epigenetics*
  84. https://phys.org/news/2020-06-mothers-offspring-success-epigenetics.html
  85. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0092867420306218
  86.  
  87. Radioactivity*
  88. https://phys.org/news/2020-06-radioactive-cloud-europe-civilian-background.html
  89. https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-020-16316-3
  90.  
  91. Egg cells*
  92. https://www.newscientist.com/article/2245679-human-eggs-release-chemicals-that-attract-some-sperm-more-than-others/
  93. https://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/10.1098/rspb.2020.0805
  94.  
  95. Mentors*
  96. https://phys.org/news/2020-06-tacit-knowledge-important-aspect-mentorship.html
  97. https://www.pnas.org/content/117/25/14077
  98.  
  99. Bose-Einstein condensates*+
  100. https://phys.org/news/2020-06-quantum-state-space.html
  101. https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-020-2346-1
  102.  
  103. Crocodile ancestors*
  104. https://phys.org/news/2020-06-ancient-crocodiles-legs-dinosaurs.html
  105. https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-020-66008-7
  106.  
  107. CRISPR gene editing*
  108. https://www.newscientist.com/article/2246020-three-people-with-inherited-diseases-successfully-treated-with-crispr/
  109. https://crisprtx.gcs-web.com/news-releases/news-release-details/crispr-therapeutics-and-vertex-announce-new-clinical-data
  110.  
  111. Bow & arrow*
  112. https://phys.org/news/2020-06-discovery-oldest-arrow-technology-eurasia.html
  113. https://advances.sciencemag.org/content/6/24/eaba3831
  114.  
  115. Coal combustion*
  116. https://phys.org/news/2020-06-coal-burning-siberia-climate-million-years.html
  117. https://pubs.geoscienceworld.org/gsa/geology/article/doi/10.1130/G47365.1/587319/Field-evidence-for-coal-combustion-links-the-252
  118.  
  119. Core-mantle boundary*+
  120. https://phys.org/news/2020-06-scientists-unexpected-widespread-earth-core.html
  121. https://science.sciencemag.org/content/368/6496/1223
  122.  
  123. Clouds*
  124. https://phys.org/news/2020-06-latest-climate-clouds.html
  125. https://advances.sciencemag.org/content/6/26/eaba1981
  126.  
  127. Civilizations
  128. https://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2020-06/uon-rsn061220.php
  129. https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.3847/1538-4357/ab8225
  130.  
  131. Color vision*
  132. https://www.nytimes.com/2020/06/19/science/hummingbirds-color-vision.html
  133. https://www.pnas.org/content/early/2020/06/09/1919377117
  134.  
  135. Synthetic molecular motor*
  136. https://phys.org/news/2020-06-smallest-motor-world.html
  137. https://www.pnas.org/content/early/2020/06/12/1918654117
  138.  
  139. Ocean acidification*
  140. https://phys.org/news/2020-06-arctic-ocean-acidification-worse.html
  141. https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-020-2360-3
  142.  
  143. Quantum communication*
  144. https://phys.org/news/2020-06-techniques-quantum-entangle-phonons.html
  145. https://journals.aps.org/prl/abstract/10.1103/PhysRevLett.124.240502
  146. https://journals.aps.org/prx/abstract/10.1103/PhysRevX.10.021055
  147.  
  148. Warning on GDP-affluence*
  149. https://phys.org/news/2020-06-affluence-planet-scientists.html
  150. https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-020-16941-y
  151.  
  152. Quasar*
  153. https://phys.org/news/2020-06-astronomers-monster-quasar-early-universe.html
  154. https://arxiv.org/abs/2006.13452
  155.  
  156. ------------------ Not included ------------------
  157.  
  158. - Astronomers report narrowing down the source of Fast Radio Bursts (FRBs), which may now plausibly include "compact-object mergers and magnetars arising from normal core collapse supernovae"
  159. - The existence of quark cores in neutron stars is confirmed by Finnish researchers
  160. - *Mitochondrial genetic divergence could be used to predict the reproductive compatibility of mammalian hybrid offspring and ancient anatomically modern humans (AMH), Neanderthals and Denisovans were genetically closer than polar bears and brown bears (1.6% divergence for Neanderthals and AMH and 2.4% for the bears)
  161. - Kepler-160, a Sun-like star, likely has a rocky planet with orbit and light levels very similar to Earth
  162. - *Astronomers report that results from research of Hubble Space Telescope data and other supporting data, to be published in an upcoming paper, show that galaxies must have formed much earlier than previously thought – earlier than can be probed with the Hubble Space Telescope.
  163. - *Bacterial mass lysis for colony-defense occurs when the bacteria will die anyway from toxin exposure from competing bacteria
  164. - NASA astronaut Kathy Sullivan, the first woman to walk in space in 1984, is the first woman to reach the deepest part of the ocean
  165. - Computer experts warn Windows 10 users to update their computers with the latest security patches from Microsoft in order to avoid being infected with the wormlike SMBGhost security vulnerability, for which a proof-of-concept (PoC) exploit had been released on 2 June
  166. - *Pesticides contribute to monarch butterfly declines in the western United States
  167. - *A scientific analysis estimates that as of 2020 about 1.7 bn people (UI 1·0–2·4) people, or 22% (UI 15–28%) of the world population, belong to a vulnerable group which has at least one underlying condition that raises the risk of severe disease when contracting COVID-19 and that 4% would require hospital admission if infected
  168. - Astronomers map the atmosphere of the red supergiant star Antares for the most detailed such map yet of a star other than the Sun
  169. - An excess of 53 events is reported at the XENON dark matter research facility, which may hint at the existence of hypothetical solar axions
  170. - NASA scientists report that exoplanets with oceans may be common in the Milky Way galaxy, based on mathematical modeling studies
  171. - *First open-source all-atom model and simulation of a full-length spike protein of SARS-CoV-2
  172. - *Researchers report to have calculated a possibly testable upper limit for a fundamental period of a possibly quantized time based on a physical model of time as an oscillating variable
  173. - *A novel cancer immunotherapy that included a personalized vaccine was shown to be successful in dogs
  174. - Dwarf planet Pluto may have had a subsurface ocean
  175. - *Scientists demonstrate that it is possible for fish to migrate via ingestion of fish eggs by birds
  176. - Astronomers report details of the merging, in the "mass gap" of cosmic collisions, of a first-ever "mystery object": either a possibly too-heavy neutron star or a too-light black hole
  177. - *World Meteorological Organization announces a possible new temperature-record of 38 °C north of the Arctic Circle, which it seeks to verify and assess
  178. - Largest ever tanzanite gemstones discovered
  179. - *World Meteorological Organization announces new records for the longest lightning bolt (700 km) and the "megaflash" with the longest duration (16.73 s)
  180. - Astronomers report detecting a gravitational wave, named GW190521g, that is associated with, for the first time ever, a flash of light from the merger, within the vicinity of a third very large black hole, of two smaller black holes
  181. - *Scientists report, with a genetic study, the identification of the origin of domesticated chicken
  182. - *In two papers scientists report the development of the possibly most lightweight biopolymer aerogel that is flexible and durable and has a relatively high electromagnetic shielding-performance
  183. - *Scientists report a possible explanation for the origin of high-energy cosmic neutrinos observed by the IceCube Neutrino Observatory, suggesting that emissions of coronae of supermassive black holes, such as possibly the active galactic nucleus of Messier 77, may be their source
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