Spanish America
1. Discovered the America's on a trip to the Indies
2. Spanish conquistador who defeated the Aztecs and conquered Mexico
3. Aztec Emperor, ruler at the beginning of the Spanish conquest of Mexico
4.  signed in 1494, divided the newly discovered lands outside Europe between Spain and Portugal
5. Spanish explorer who accompanied Columbus on his second trip in 1493, discovered Florida in 1513.

Colonial America
1. The first settlement established by the pilgrims
2. English explorer who helped found the colony at Jamestown, rescued by pocahontas
3. Colony formed by the pilgrims when they arrived at plymouth rock
4. Those who came to America from europe for religious freedom and oppritunity
5. English Protestants who came to America (The pilgrims were puritans)
6.  First governing document of Plymouth Colony
7. English settlement on the east coast of North America in the 17th century, in New England, centered around the present-day cities of Salem and Boston
8.  Led a group of English Puritans to the New World in 1630
9. An example for all other settlement to live by
10. Tthe lower house of legislature in colonial Virginia
11. An unincorporated business owned by a single person who is responsible for its liabilities and entitled to its profits
12. Senator to king George the first
13.  Allowed freedom of worship to Nonconformists who had pledged to the oaths of Allegiance and Supremacy and rejected transubstantiation
14. Uprising in 1676 in the Virginia Colony, led by Nathaniel Bacon, a wealthy planter.
15. Way to attract immigrants; gave 50 acres of land to anyone who paid their way and/or any plantation owner that paid an immigrants way; mainly a system in the southern colonies.
16. Slave who worked for 7 years and was then freed
17. the theological doctrine that by faith and God's grace a Christian is freed from all laws (including the moral standards of the culture)
18.  English clergyman and colonist who was expelled from Massachusetts for criticizing Puritanism
19. American colonist (born in England) who was banished from Boston for her religious views
20. Religious Society of Friends: a Christian sect founded by George Fox about 1660
21. Englishman and Quaker who founded the colony of Pennsylvania
22. An economic system (Europe in 18th century) to increase a nation's wealth by government regulation of all of the nation's commercial interests
23. The English Navigation Acts were a series of laws which restricted the use of foreign shipping for trade between England (after 1707 Great Britain) and its colonies, which started in 1651
24. Equal trading between three powers
25. Form of partial church membership created by New England in 1662
26. A religious resurgence in the colonies that spiked church membership
27. American theologian whose sermons and writings stimulated a period of renewed interest in religion in America
28. Socially and politically influential New England Puritan minister, prolific author and pamphleteer
29. A period of paranoid colonies using witches to make excuses for a changing culture
30. Yearly almanac published by Benjamin Franklin, who adopted the pseudonym of "Poor Richard" or "Richard Saunders" for this purpose
31. German-born American printer, publisher, editor, and journalist in New York City. He was defendant in a landmark legal case in American jurisprudence that determined that truth was a defense against charges of libel.
32.  War in North America between France and Britain (both aided by American Indian tribes); 1755-1760
33. Proposed by Benjamin Franklin at the Albany Congress in 1754 in Albany, New York. It was an early attempt at forming a union of the colonies "under one government as far as might be necessary for defense and other general important purposes" during the French and Indian War
34. Ended the French and Indian War/Seven Years' War
35.  Political and military alliance of the British colonies of Massachusetts, Plymouth, Connecticut, and New Haven
36. Avoiding strict enforcement of parliamentary laws, meant to keep the American colonies obedient to Great Britain

Revolutionary America
1. Organized Britain's North American Empire and to stabilize relations with the Native Americans
2. Put a steep tax on stamps, angered colonists
3. Parliament asserted for the first time its full authority to lay direct taxes on the colonies
4.  The government repealed the Stamp Act because boycotts were hurting British trade and used the declaration to justify the repeal.
5. Eight colonists were killed, sparked conflict throughout the colonies.
6. The first person killed in the masacre
7.  Series of laws passed by the British Parliament in 1774 to punish and make an example of Massachusetts for resisting parliamentary authority
8. Written agreement ratified in 1781 by the thirteen original states; it provided a legal symbol of their union by giving the central government no coercive power over the states or their citizens
9. First battles of the American Revolution (April 19, 1775)
10.  Defensive alliance between France and the United States of America, formed in the midst of the American Revolutionary War, which promised military support in case of attack by British forces
11. Formally ended the American Revolutionary War
12. Primary effect was the creation of the Northwest Territoryas the first organized territoryof the United States
13. Raised revenues, helped rat out smugglers
14. forced citizens to house soldiers in times of war
15. A secret organization of American patriots which originated in the pre-independence British North American colonies
16. laws passed in 1767 that taxed goods such as glass, paper, paint, lead, and tea
17. A leader of the American Revolution and a famous orator who spoke out against British rule of the American colonies
18. Bodies organized by the local governments of the Thirteen Colonies before the American Revolution for the purposes of coordinating written communication outside of the colonies.
19. Set procedures of governance in the Province of Quebec
20. The 1775 congress of the colonies that established an army
21. Adopted by the Continental Congress in July 1775 in an attempt to avoid a full-blown war with Great Britain. The petition affirmed American loyalty to Great Britain and entreated the king to prevent further conflict
22. Members of two political parties which existed, sequentially, in the Kingdom of England, the Kingdom of Great Britain and later the United Kingdom from the 17th to the early 19th centuries.
23. Led by shay, uprising of African Americans who didn't get paid for indentured servantry
24. American statesman from Virginia best known for the motion in the Second Continental Congress calling for the colonies' independence from Great Britain
25. Representation of a power by a single individual
26. Series of resolutions passed by the Virginia General Assembly in response to the Stamp Act of 1765
27. legal document that allowed British customs officials to inspect a ship's cargo without giving a reason
28. American Revolutionary leader and patriot; an organizer of the Boston Tea Party and signer of the Declaration of Independence
29. American lawyer and politician from Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
30. Dumping of tons of tea into a boston harbor by colonists
31. in 1774, meeting in Philadelphia of delegates from 12 colonies
32. pamphlet written by Thomas Paine. It was first published anonymously on January 10, 1776, during the American Revolution
33. Battle during the American Revolution (1777); the British under Burgoyne were defeated
34. Decisive victory by combined assault of American forces led by General George Washington and French forces led by General Comte de Rochambeau over a British Army commanded by General Lord Cornwallis
35. Meeting at Annapolis, Maryland of 12 delegates from five states (New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Delaware, and Virginia) that called for a constitutional convention
36. Document recording the proclamation of the second Continental Congress (4 July 1776) asserting the independence of the Colonies from Great Britain

the constitution and early republic
1. Convention of United States statesmen who drafted the United States Constitution in 1787
2. Proposal submitted by Virginia at the Constitutional Convention. The Constitution is based on this plan
3. Agreement between large and small states reached during the Philadelphia Convention of 1787 that in part defined the legislative structure and representation that each state would have
4. Those who opposed the federalists
5. Treaty between the United States and Great Britain which averted war, solved many issues left over from the American Revolution, and opened ten years of largely peaceful trade
6. Warned America of the dangers of a strong central government
7. 2nd President of the United States
8. A conservative or liberal view of an issue
9. The idea of women belonging in the role of motherhood
10. 3rd president of the United States
11. Proposal for the structure of the United States Government proposed by William Paterson at the Philadelphia Convention on June 15, 1787
12. Compromise between Southern and Northern states reached during the Philadelphia Convention of 1787 in which three-fifths of the population of slaves would be counted for enumeration purposes
13. Series of 85 articles or essays advocating the ratification of the United States Constitution
14. Resistance movement in the western part of the United States in the 1790s, during the presidency of George Washington
15. A fusing of the ideals of the democrats and republicans
16. four bills passed in 1798 by the Federalists in the 5th United States Congress during an undeclared naval war with France, later known as the Quasi-War
17.  French diplomat who in 1793 tried to draw the United States into the war between France and England
18. established intentions of friendship between the United States and Spain
19. United States statesman and leader of the Federalists
20. Founding father, signed declaration
21.  favored a strong centralized federal government
22. established the U.S. federal judiciary
23. 1st president of the US
24. A bribe to japan to maintain freindships
25. political statements drafted in 1798 and 1799, respectively, in favor of states' rights and Strict Constructionism
26. The election of 1800

Jefferson, Madison, Monroe
1. More than Doubled the size of the US
2. represented an effort to solve an issue in the U.S. Supreme Court during the early 19th century
3. formed the basis for the exercise of judicial review in the United States under Article III of the Constitution
4. established the following two principles: The Constitution grants to Congress implied powers for implementing the Constitution's express powers, in order to create a functional national government. and State action may not impede valid constitutional exercises of power by the Federal government.
5. Supreme Court of the United States held that the power to regulate interstate commerce was granted to Congress by the Commerce Clause of the United States Constitution
6. Intended to motivate Britain and France to stop seizing American vessels during the Napoleonic Wars
7. United States politician responsible for the Missouri Compromise between free and slave states
8. event in 1814-1815 in the United States during the War of 1812 in which New England's opposition to the war reached the point where secession from the United States was discussed
9. describes a period in United States political history in which partisan bitterness abated
10. settled a border dispute in North America between the United States and Spain
11. an American foreign policy opposing interference in the western hemisphere from outside powers
12. Invented the cotton gin
13. United States freed slave and insurrectionist in South Carolina who was involved in planning an uprising of slaves and was hanged
14. explored the territory the US didn't own
15. The judiciary act of 1801
16. United States jurist; as chief justice of the Supreme Court he established the principles of United States constitutional law
17.  landmark United States Supreme Court case dealing with the application of the Contract Clause of the United States Constitution to private corporations
18. United States politician who served as vice president under Jefferson; he mortally wounded his political rival Alexander Hamilton in a duel and fled south
19. Members of the United States Judiciary branch of the Twelfth Congress of the United States who advocated waging war against the United Kingdom in the War of 1812
20. between the United States and England which was trying to interfere with American trade with France
21. ended the War of 1812 between the United States of America and the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland
22. ended the Nullification Crisis in which South Carolina had threatened secession
23. First major financial crisis in the United States, which occurred during the end of the Era of Good Feelings
24. artificial waterway connecting the Hudson river at Albany with Lake Erie at Buffalo
25. early American industrialist popularly known as the "Father of the American Industrial Revolution" or the "Father of the American Factory System" because he brought British textile technology to America
26.  5th President of the United States
27. Guided Lewis and Clark
28. review by a court of law of actions of a government official or entity or of some other legally appointed person or body or the review by an appellate court of the decision of a trial court
29. one of the first cases in which the Supreme Court ruled a state law unconstitutional
30.  noted for John Marshall and the Court's assertion of its power to review state supreme court decisions in criminal law matters when they claim their Constitutional rights have been violated
31.bill that banned trade between the United States of America and other nations
32. seventh Vice President of the United States and a leading Southern politician from South Carolina during the first half of the 19th century
33. act of compelling men to serve in a navy by force and without notice
34. final major battle of the War of 1812
35. treaty between the United States and Britain enacted in 1817
36. agreement in 1820 between pro-slavery and anti-slavery factions in the United States concerning the extension of slavery into new territories
37. American inventor who designed the first commercially successful steamboat and the first steam warship
38.  name used for female textile workers in Lowell, Massachusetts, in the 19th century

The Age of jackson
1. Jackson and his supporters claimed this happened in the election of 1824 when Henry Clay allegedly sold his support during the House vote in the disputed election of John Quincy Adams
2.  6th President of the United States
3. 7th president of the US
4. protective tariff passed by the Congress of the United States on May 19, 1828
5. Jacksonian democracy
6. A nickname for president Jackson
7. U.S. scandal involving members of President Andrew Jackson's Cabinet and their wives
8. moved indians from settlements through the trail of tears
9.  Cherokee Nation sought a federal injunction against laws passed by the state of Georgia depriving them of rights within its boundaries, but the Supreme Court did not hear the case on its merits
10. case in which the United States Supreme Court held that Cherokee Native Americans were entitled to federal protection from the actions of state governments which would infringe on the tribe's sovereignty
11. states'-rights doctrine that a state can refuse to recognize or to enforce a federal law passed by the United States Congress
12. famous debate in the U.S. between Senator Daniel Webster of Massachusetts and Senator Robert Y. Hayne of South Carolina that took place on January 19-27, 1830 regarding protectionist tariffs
13. written in December 1828 by John C. Calhoun
14. bank founded by jefferson
15. officer in the American Continental Navy
16. a system with two parties
17. democrats who supported Jackson's ideals
18.  degrading term for state banks selected by the U.S. Department of Treasury to receive surplus government funds in 1833
19. United States jurist who served as chief justice of the United States Supreme Court
20. executive order issued by U.S. President Andrew Jackson in 1836 and carried out by President Martin Van Buren. It required payment for government land to be in gold and silver
21. catch phrases used in the election to create relations to the candidates
22. 9th President of the United States
23. famous chief of the Shawnee who tried to unite Indian tribes against the increasing white settlement
24. fought on November 7, 1811, between United States forces led by Governor William Henry Harrison of the Indiana Territory and forces of Tecumseh's growing American Indian confederation led by his twin brother Tenskwatawa
25. euphemism for slavery and the economic ramifications of it in the American South
26. rebellion led by former slave nat Turner
27. panic in the United States built on a speculative fever. The bubble burst on May 10, 1837 in New York City, when every bank stopped payment in specie (gold and silver coinage)
28. 8th President of the United States
29. consists of eight sections expanding Presidential power

Antebellum reform
1. a second resurgence of religious views in the United States
2. United States religious leader of the Mormon Church
3. United States writer and leading exponent of transcendentalism
4. a celibate and communistic Christian sect in the United States
5. English-born American artist. He is regarded as the founder of the Hudson River School, an American art movement that flourished in the mid-19th century
6. American author, essayist, biographer and historian of the early 19th century
7. the trait of avoiding excesses
8. Two of the best known school books in the history of American education were the 18th century New England Primer and the 19th century McGuffey Readers. Of the two, McGuffey's was more popular and widely used
9. American social activist, abolitionist, and leading figure of the early woman's movement
10. abolitionist newspaper founded by William Lloyd Garrison in 1831
11. Abolotionist, transported hundreds of slaves to the north under cover of night
12. Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-Day Saints: church founded by Joseph Smith in 1830 with headquarters in Salt Lake City, Utah
13. impractical romantic ideals and attitudes
14. United States writer and social critic
15. a member of the Iroquoian people formerly living east of Lake Ontario
16. American landscape painter from Connecticut
17. United States novelist noted for his stories of American Indians and the frontier life
18. United States social reformer who pioneered in the reform of prisons and in the treatment of the mentally ill; superintended women army nurses during the American Civil War
19. 9th-century American Quakers, educators and writers who were early advocates of abolitionism and women's rights
20. womens rights leader who spoke for the cause at many conventions
21. anti-slavery newspaper. Abolitionist Frederick Douglass published the North Star until June 1851, when Douglass and Gerrit Smith agreed to merge the North Star with the Liberty Party Paper
22.  United States abolitionist and feminist who was freed from slavery and became a leading advocate of the abolition of slavery and for the rights of women
23. Religious leader who founded the Mormon Church in 1830
24. any system of philosophy emphasizing the intuitive and spiritual above the empirical and material
25. utopian experiment in communal living in the United States in the 1840s
26.  Noyes started a co-op community in Oneida, NY that became highly controversial for sharing not only property, but marriage partners
27. the first coherent school of American art
28. United States writer of novels and short stories mostly on moral themes
29. United States educator who introduced reforms that significantly altered the system of public education
30. American Quaker, abolitionist, social reformer, and proponent of women's rights
31. an early and influential women's rights convention held in Seneca Falls, New York over two days
32. United States feminist and suffragist
33.  United States writer of a novel about slavery that advanced the abolitionists' cause

Westward expansion and manifest destiny
1. Member of the Whig Party that existed in the United States before the American Civil War
2. Belief that the Us was destined to expand
3. the "Father of Texas"
4. established the Capital of Texas, named after him
5. siege and massacre at a mission in San Antonio in 1836
6. Mexican general who tried to crush the Texas revolt and who lost battles to Winfield Scott and Zachary Taylor in the Mexican War
7. treaty resolving several border issues between the United States and the British North American colonies, particularly a dispute over the location of the Maine–New Brunswick border
8. period of feverish migration of workers into the area of a dramatic discovery of commercial quantities of gold
9. inventor of morse code
10. intricate package of five bills, passed on September 4, 1850, defusing a four-year confrontation between the slave states of the South and the free states of the North that arose from expectation of territorial expansion of the United States with the Texas
11.  laws passed by the United States Congress in 1793 and 1850 to provide for the return of slaves who escaped from one state into another or into a public territory
12.  Southern US critic of slavery during the 1850s
13.  14th President of the United States
14. served as a U.S. Representative and U.S. Senator from Kentucky and was the 14th Vice President of the United States
15. American social theorist who published racial and slavery-based sociological theories in the antebellum era
16.  nativist American political movement of the 1840s and 1850s. It was empowered by popular fears that the country was being overwhelmed by German and Irish Catholic immigrants, who were often regarded as hostile to U.S. values and controlled by the Pope in Rome
17. The Oregon boundary dispute, or the Oregon Question, arose as a result of competing British and American claims to the Pacific Northwest of North America in the first half of the 19th century
18. American military officer, explorer, the first candidate of the Republican Party for the office of president of the U.S., and the first presidential candidate of a major party to run on a platform opposing slavery
19. Proposed by David Wilmot, a Congressman from Pennsylvania., who tacked this proviso to a $2 million funding request from President James K. Polk for easing negotiations in the Mexican War
20.  treaty between the United States and the United Kingdom, negotiated in 1850
21.  belief that the legitimacy of the state is created by the will or consent of its people, who are the source of every political power
22.  small town in northeastern West Virginia that was the site of a raid in 1859 by the abolitionist John Brown and his followers who captured an arsenal that was located there
23. decision by the United States Supreme Court that ruled that people of African descent imported into the United States and held as slaves, or their descendants—whether or not they were slaves—were not protected by the constitution
24.  an American politician from the western state of Illinois, and was the Democratic Party nominee for President in 1860
25.  articulated by Stephen A. Douglas at the second of the Lincoln-Douglas debates on August 27, 1858, in Freeport, Illinois
26.  11th President of the United States
27. 15th President of the United States
28. U.S. politician, attorney, and plantation owner. A wealthy slaveholder from Tennessee, Bell served in the United States Congress in both the House of Representatives and Senate
29. split nebraska into kansas and nebraska
30.  Commodore of the U.S. Navy who compelled the opening of Japan to the West with the Convention of Kanagawa in 1854
31. war between mexico and America over boundary disputes
32. peace treaty, largely dictated by the United States (U.S.) to the interim government of a militarily occupied Mexico, that ended the Mexican-American War
33. short-lived political party in the United States active in the 1848 and 1852 presidential elections, and in some state elections. It was a third party that largely appealed to and drew its greatest strength from New York State
34. region of present-day southern Arizona and southwestern New Mexico that was purchased by the United States in a treaty signed by President Franklin Pierce on June 24, 1853
35.  series of violent events, involving anti-slavery Free-Staters and pro-slavery "Border Ruffian" elements, that took place in the Kansas Territory and the western frontier towns of the U.S. state of Missouri roughly between 1854 and 1858
36. A series of debates between brooks and sumner
37. A series of debates between lincoln and douglas for the presidential election race
38. address given by Abraham Lincoln (who would later become President of the United States) on June 16, 1858, in Springfield, Illinois, upon accepting the Illinois Republican Party's nomination as that state's United States senator
39. unsuccessful proposal by Kentucky Senator John J. Crittenden to resolve the U.S. secession crisis of 1860-1861 by addressing the concerns that led the states in the Deep South of the United States to contemplate secession from the United States
40. 12th President of the United States
41. elected vice president and became the 10th President of the United States when Harrison died
42. 16th president of the US

Civil War And Reconstruction
1. Third System masonry coastal fortification located in Charleston harbor, South Carolina
2. name widely applied to an outline strategy for subduing the seceding states in the American Civil War
3. ironclad vessel built by the Confederate forces in the hope of breaking the blockade imposed by the North
4. United States general who was commander of all Union troops in the West; he captured Atlanta and led a destructive march to the sea that cut the Confederacy in two
5. refers to paper currency that was issued by the North during the American Civil War
6. land to African American former slaves who became free as Union armies occupied areas of the Confederacy
7. reference to the entire nation in the period 1865-1877 following the Civil War
8. a white Southerner who supported Reconstruction policies after the American Civil War (usually for self-interest)
9. small farmers and tenants
10. The construction company for the Union Pacific Railroad. It gave shares of stock to some congressmen in return for favors.
11. Anti-black organization formed in Alabama
12.  officially abolished and continues to prohibit slavery and involuntary servitude, except as punishment for a crime
13.  career United States Army officer, a combat engineer, and among the most celebrated generals in American history
14. andrew jackson nickname for his steadfastness
15. lieutenant general in the Confederate Army during the American Civil War
16. American statesman; president of the Confederate States of America during the American Civil War
17. major general during the American Civil War. He organized the famous Army of the Potomac and served briefly (November 1861 to March 1862) as the general-in-chief of the Union Army
18. a battle of the American Civil War (1863); the defeat of Robert E. Lee's invading Confederate Army was a major victory for the Union
19.  American bulk cargo steamship and one of the largest wooden ships ever built.
20. Lincoln would allow 10% of slaves compensation as a compromise to the south
21.  U.S. federal government agency that aided distressed refugees of the American Civil War
22.  federal law in the United States that made everyone born in the U.S except Native Americans in the United States full citizens
23.egative term Southerners (Americans living in the southern half of the United States, also known as Rebels) adopted and gave to opportunistic and speculative Northern (Americans living in the northern half of the United States)
24. a farmer who works land owned by someone else
25. start of the Long Depression, a severe nationwide economic depression in the United States that lasted until 1879
26. 8th President of the United States
27. the amendment to the US Constitution which specifies who are legal citizens of the United States and their protections under the law
28. 17th President of the United States
29. serperating from your country and forming your own union
30. first African American to serve in the United States Senate
31. a creek in northeastern Virginia where two battles were fought in the American Civil War
32. first major battle in the American Civil War to take place on Northern soi
33. Abolished slavery in the nuetral middle states
34. vocal group of Democrats in the Northern United States who opposed the American Civil War, wanting an immediate peace settlement with the Confederates
35. program proposed for the Reconstruction of the South written by two Radical Republicans, Senator Benjamin Wade of Ohio and Representative Henry Winter Davis of Maryland
36.  laws passed on the state and local level in the United States to limit the civil rights and civil liberties of African Americans
37. denied the President of the United States the power to remove from office anyone who had been appointed by a past President without the advice and consent of the United States Senate
38. credit system that became widely used by farmers in the United States in the South from the 1860s to the 1920s
39. efers to the demagogic practice of politicians referencing the blood of martyrs or heroes to inspire support or avoid criticism
40. political coalition in the Southern United States during the Reconstruction era, who sought to oust the Republican coalition of freedmen, carpetbaggers and scalawags
41. lieutenant general in the Confederate Army during the American Civil War
42.  prohibits each government in the United States from denying a citizen the right to vote based on that citizen's "race, color, or previous condition of servitude
43.  Democratic candidate for the U.S. presidency in the disputed election of 1876, one of the most controversial American elections of the 19th century
44. 19th President of the United States
45. self-government in local matters by a city or county that is part of a national government

The west
1. Hard money policies are those which are opposed to fiat currency and thus in support of a specie standard, usually gold or silver, cheap are the opposite obviously.
2. Sound money advocates who wanted to keep the United States on the international gold standard
3. The Cross of Gold speech was delivered by William Jennings Bryan at the 1896 Democratic National Convention in Chicago on July 9, 1896. The speech advocated bimetallism
4. political doctrine that supports the rights and powers of the common people in their struggle with the privileged elite
5.  organized agrarian economic movement amongst U.S. farmers that flourished in the 1880s
6.  fraternal organization for American farmers that encourages farm families to band together for their common economic and political well-being
7. 1887 law that regulated railroads and other interstate businesses
8. enacted by the U.S. Congress regarding the distribution of land to Native Americans in Indian Territory (later Oklahoma). It was signed into law February 8, 1887
9.  incident in the Indian Wars of the United States that occurred on November 29, 1864, when a 700-man force of Colorado Territory militia attacked and destroyed a village of friendly Cheyenne and Arapaho encamped in southeastern Colorado Territory, killing and mutilating an estimated 70–163 Indians, about two-thirds of whom were women and children
10.  allowed states to regulate certain businesses within their borders, including railroads, and is commonly regarded as a milestone in the growth of federal government regulation.
11. leader of the Nez Perce in their retreat from United States troops
12.  chief of the Sioux; took up arms against settlers in the northern Great Plains and against United States Army troops
13. One of several United States federal laws that gave an applicant freehold title up to 160 acres (1/4 section) of undeveloped land outside of the original 13 colonies
14. southernmost edge of the Promontory Mountains in southern Box Elder County, Utah
15. a religious dance of Native Americans looking for communication with the dead
16. last armed conflict between the Great Sioux Nation and the United States of America and of the Indian Wars
17. United States writer of romantic novels about the unjust treatment of Native Americans
18. United States historian who stressed the role of the western frontier in American history
19. United States Army officer and cavalry commander in the American Civil War and the Indian Wars
20. protective tariff law adopted on March 2, 1861
21. revolutinized darm equipment inovations

Industry
1.substantial growth in population in the United States and extravagant displays of wealth and excess of America's upper class during the post-Civil War and post-Reconstruction eras of the late 19th century
2.  alternative country band based in San Francisco, California
3. United States financier who accumulated great wealth from railroad and shipping businesses
4. United States financier who gained control of the Erie Canal and who caused a financial panic in 1869 when he attempted to corner the gold market
5. United States industrialist and philanthropist who endowed education and public libraries and research trusts
6. evolutionized the petroleum industry and defined the structure of modern philanthropy
7.  requires the United States Federal government to investigate and pursue trusts, companies and organizations
8. legal case in which the U.S. Supreme Court first interpreted the Sherman Antitrust Act of 1890
9.  theory that the laws of evolution by natural selection also apply to social structures
10. poem written by Andrew Carnegie in 1889 that described the responsibility of philanthropy by the new upper class
11. United States inventor; inventions included the phonograph and incandescent electric light and the microphone and the Kinetoscope
12. United States author of inspirational adventure stories for boys; virtue and hard work overcome poverty
13. a labor contract (now illegal) whereby the employee agrees not to join a trade union
14. a company that hires only or exclusively not union members
15. Great Railroad Strike of 1877 began on July 14 in Martinsburg, West Virginia, United States and ended some 45 days later after it was put down by local and state militias
16. one of the most important American labor organizations of the 19th century
17. Disturbance that took place on Tuesday May 4, 1886, at the Haymarket Square in Chicago, and began as a rally in support of striking workers
18. American Federation of Labor: a federation of North American labor unions that merged with the Congress of Industrial Organizations in 1955
19.  industrial lockout and strike which began on June 30, 1892, culminating in a battle between strikers and private security agents on July 6, 1892
20. U.S. Senator from Vermont
21.  nationwide conflict between labor unions and railroads that occurred in the United States in 1894
22. Fire that killed dozens and sparked safety conflicts.
23. American union leader, one of the founding members of the International Labor Union and the Industrial Workers of the World
24.  American politician most famous for his leadership of Tammany Hall
25. United States political cartoonist
26. Danish American social reformer, muckraking journalist and social documentary photographer
27. a center in an underprivileged area that provides community services
28. settlement house in the United States that was co-founded in 1889 by Jane Addams and Ellen Gates Starr
29. Protestant Christian intellectual movement that was most prominent in the late 19th century and early 20th century
30.  United States prohibitionist who raided saloons and destroyed bottles of liquor with a hatchet
31.  placed most federal government employees on the merit system and marked the end of the so-called spoils system
32.  required the U.S. Treasury to buy a certain amount of silver and put it into circulation as silver dollars
33. increased the amount of silver the government was required to purchase every month
34. serious economic depression in the United States that began in 1893
35. protest march by unemployed workers from the United States, led by the populist Jacob Coxey
36. 20th President of the United States
37. 21st President of the United States
38. 22nd and 24th President of the United States
39. 21st President of the United States
40.  23rd President of the United States
41. American financier, banker and art collector who dominated corporate finance and industrial consolidation
42. the first national labor federation in the United States
43.  labor union that admits all workers in a given industry irrespective of their craft
44. former international labor union and radical labor movement in the United States; founded in Chicago in 1905 and dedicated to the overthrow of capitalism; its membership declined after World War I
45.  members of a secret Irish organization
46. faction of the United States Republican Party toward the end of the 19th century
47. Republican political activists who supported Democratic candidate Grover Cleveland in the United States presidential election of 1884
48. scandal, exposed in 1875, involving diversion of tax revenues in a conspiracy among government agents, politicians, whiskey distillers, and distributors

Immigration, segregation, and urbanization
1.  United States federal law signed into law by Chester A. Arthur on May 8, 1882
2.  informal agreement between the United States and the Empire of Japan whereby the U.S. would not impose restriction on Japanese immigration or students, and Japan would not allow further emigration to the U.S
3. imiigrants who crossed the pacific to the US
4. upholded the constitutionality of racial segregation even in public accommodations (particularly railroads), under the doctrine of "separate but equal"
5.  United States Supreme Court upheld such practices as the poll tax, the literacy test, etc.
6.  first United States Supreme Court interpretation of the relatively new Fourteenth Amendment to the Constitution
7. American political leader, educator, orator and author
8. let people order products through the mail
9. invented the first airplane
10. American civil rights activist, Pan-Africanist, sociologist, historian, author, and editor
11. An African American journalist, newspaper editor and, with her husband
12. an exemption based on circumstances existing prior to the adoption of some policy; used to enfranchise illiterate whites in south after the American Civil War
13. government practice of testing the literacy of potential citizens at the federal level, and potential voters at the state level
14.  tax of a portioned, fixed amount per individual in accordance with the census
15.  United States architect known for his steel framed skyscrapers and for coining the phrase `form follows function'
16.  American architect and urban planner
17.  five-and-dime store in the United States
18. United States inventor of a dry-plate process of developing photographic film and of flexible film (his firm introduced roll film) and of the box camera and of a process for color photography
19. American journalist, landscape designer and father of American landscape architecture
20. instituted the Jim Crow Laws
21. Found hundreds of uses for the peanut
22. The fiorst major institue funded in New York
23.  arrangement whereby a person is forced to pay off a loan with direct labor in place of currency
24. entertainment district of new york
25.  American entertainment consisting of comic skits, variety acts, dancing, and music, performed by white people in blackface or, especially after the Civil War, black people in blackface.
26. department store in Chicago, Illinois that grew to become a major chain before being acquired by Macy's Inc
27. one of the oldest and most influential civil rights organizations in the United States Its mission is "to ensure the political, educational, social, and economic equality"
Imperialism

Navy and the Tokugawa shogunate
1. concluded between Commodore Matthew C. Perry of the U.S.
2. extreme patriotism in the form of aggressive foreign policy
3. Founder of the Pulitzer prize
4.  United States Navy's second "modern" battleship
5.  name bestowed on the 1st United States Volunteer Cavalry
6. poem by the English poet Rudyard Kipling
7.  policy of granting equal trade opportunities to all countries
8. substantial amendment to the Monroe Doctrine by U.S. President Theodore Roosevelt in 1904
9. diplomacy influenced by economic considerations
10. minor incident involving U.S. sailors and Mexican land forces loyal to General Victoriano Huerta during the guerra de las facciones phase of the Mexican Revolution
11. name for the United States typically used by those who view the country as oppressive to its southern neighbors
12. a state or territory partly controlled by (but not a possession of) a stronger state but autonomous in internal affairs; protectorates are established by treaty
13. the transaction in 1867 in which the United States Secretary of State William Henry Seward purchased Alaska from Russia
14. sensationalist journalism
15. a war between the United States and Spain in 1898
16.  amendment to a joint resolution of the United States Congress, enacted on April 19, 1898, in reply to President William McKinley's War Message
17. Queen of hawaii at the time of the US invasion
18. In a series of cases, federal courts held that, in effect, the Constitution does not follow the flag and that Congress had the power to determine the rights of those who lived in American possessions
19. anti-imperialism, anti-Christian movement by the "Righteous Harmony Society"
20. a ship canal 40 miles long across the Isthmus of Panama built by the United States
21. American statesman, a Republican politician, and a noted historian
22. Mexican revolutionary leader (1877-1923)
23. signed on December 10, 1898, and ended the Spanish-American War.
24. 25th President of the United States; was assassinated by an anarchist
25.  United States Navy flag officer, geostrategist, and historian, who has been called "the most important American strategist of the nineteenth century."
26.  United States newspaper publisher whose introduction of large headlines and sensational reporting changed American journalism
27. set off an 1898 diplomatic incident, was written by Enrique Dupuy de Lôme, the Spanish Minister with the Portfolio of Cuba
28. prevented newly independent Cuba from making treaties with other nations and gave the US control over Guantanamo Bay
29.  Filipino general, politician, and independence leader of Chinese and Spanish descent
30. law that established civilian (limited popular) government on the island of Puerto Rico
31.  form of hegemony and was the slogan describing U.S. President Theodore Roosevelt’s corollary to the Monroe Doctrine
32. formally ended the 1904-1905 Russo-Japanese War
33. name used for a form of diplomacy proposed by Woodrow Wilson
34. general officer in the United States Army
35. United States physician who proved that yellow fever is transmitted by mosquitoes
36.  American statesman, diplomat, author, journalist, and private secretary and assistant to Abraham Lincoln


The Progressives
1. 26th president of the US, leader of the Republican party, and founder of the short-lived “Bull Moose” party.
2.A writer who investigates and publishes truthful reports on corruption in businesses and politics.
3. T. Roosevelt’s domestic program. Formed on three ideas: conservation of natural resources, control of corporations, and consumer protection.
4.An act passed by Congress to ensure the prevention of foods being handled in unsanitary conditions.
5. Formed by T. Roosevelt after a split in the Republican party between himself and W.H. Taft.
6. Re-imposed the federal income tax following the ratification of the 16th amendment and lowered the basic tariff rates from 40% to 25%.
7. American novelist during the Progressive Era, wrote “McTeague”, “The Octopus: A Story of California”, and “The Pit”.
8. Women’s suffragist and American educator, Willard became president of the Woman’s Christian Temperance Union, which spearheaded the crusade for the prohibition of alcohol.
9. A federal official who seeks to break trust under antitrust laws.
10. American Republican, served as a member of the House of Representatives, was governor of Wisconsin, and also US Senator of Wisconsin. Ran for President of the US in 1924 under his own Progressive Party.
11.Gave Congress power to lay and collect taxes on incomes without apportioning it to the states, or basing it on Census results.
12.Justified both sex discrimination and usage of labor laws during the time period.
13.Procedure where voters can remove corrupt officials from office.
14.Woman’s suffrage leader who campaigned for the ratification of the 19th amendment. Served as president of the National American Woman Suffrage Association and was the founder of the League of Women Voters and the International Alliance of Women.
15.27th President of the US and later the 10th Chief Justice of the US.
16.American economist and sociologist, and a leader of the institutional economics movement.
17. Law that allowed the president to set aside forest reserves from the land in the public domain.
18. Provided federal inspection of meat products and forbade the manufacture, sale, or transportation of adulterated food products and poisonous patent medicines.
19.The campaign speeches and promises of Woodrow Wilson in the 1912 presidential campaign. In it, Wilson called for a reform of tariffs, business, and banking.
20. Danish-American social reformer known for using his photographic and journalistic talents to help the impoverished in New York City.
21. An American philosopher, psychologist and educational reformer whose ideas have been influential in education and social reform. Was a major representative of the progressive and progressive populist philosophies of schooling during the first half of the 20th century in the US.
22. A federal law that funded irrigation projects for the arid lands of 20 states in the American West.
23. An American author, famous for his 1906 book, “The Jungle”, where he exposed conditions in the US meat packing industry, which led to the passage of the Pure Food and Drug Act and the Meat Inspection Act.
24. Act of Congress that created the Federal Reserve System, the central banking system of the United States of America, and granted it the legal authority to issue legal tender.
25.Established direct election of US Senators by popular vote.
26.Registered voters are able to sign a petition in order to force a public vote, etc. early.
27.An election in which party members or voters select candidates for a subsequent election.
28.An integrated steel producer with major production operations in the United States, Canada, and Central Europe. Founded by J.P. Morgan in 1901. Was once the largest steel producer and largest corporation in the world (had monopoly on steel).
29. A Democrat, Wilson was the 28th president of the US, and a leader of the progressive movement.
30. An American teacher, author, and journalist, Tarbell was best known for her book “The History of the Standard Oil Company”.
31.US Federal Law that prohibited all free passes on any and all railroads.
32.A dispute between U.S. Forest Service Chief Gifford Pinchot and U.S. Secretary of the Interior Richard Achilles Ballinger that contributed to the split of the Republican Party before the 1912 Presidential Election and helped to define the U.S. conservation movement in the early 20th century.
33. A party formed in the US in 1901 which upheld the belief of having the Government control all business, and citizens all have equal possessions.
34.American journalist, famous for “The Shame of the Cities”.
35.The leading organization lobbying for prohibition in the US in the early 20th century.
36.A strike by the United Mine Workers of America which threatened to shut down the winter fuel supply to all major cities.
37.A financial crisis that occurred when the NY Stock Exchange fell close to 50%.
38.Attempts made the US Department of Justice to arrest and deport radical socialists, especially anarchists, from the US.
39.First Jew to be named to the Supreme Court, famous because he was “incorruptible”.
40. A direct vote where an electorate is asked to either accept or decline a particular proposal.
41.A social and political former, known for her work against sweatshops, minimum wage, eight-hour workdays, and child labor.
42.Used to add further substance to the anti-trust regime.

The Great War
1.Prohibited any attempt to interfere with military operations, to support U.S. enemies during wartime, to promote insubordination in the military, or to interfere with military recruitment.
2.A term used to categorize a range of behaviors resulting from the stress of battle which decrease the combatant's fighting efficiency.
3.The head of the US Committee on Public Information, a propaganda organization created by President Woodrow Wilson during World War I.
4.An independent agency of the US government created to influence US public opinion regarding American participation in World War I.
5.A speech delivered by President Woodrow Wilson to a joint session of Congress on January 8, 1918. The address was intended to assure the country that the Great War was being fought for a moral cause and for postwar peace in Europe.
6.Ended the state of war between Germany and the Allies.
7.11th Chief Justice of the US, ran as the Republican candidate in 1916, losing to W. Wilson.
8.Authorized the federal government to raise a national army numbering in the hundreds of thousands with which to fight a modern war.
9.Forbade the use of "disloyal, profane, scurrilous, or abusive language" about the United States government, its flag, or its armed forces or that caused others to view the American government or its institutions with contempt.
10.A term for land that is unoccupied or is under dispute between parties that leave it unoccupied due to fear or uncertainty.
11.A group of vehicles, typically motor vehicles or ships, traveling together for mutual support and protection.
12.An Archduke of Austria, and from 1889 until his death, heir presumptive to the Austro-Hungarian throne. His assassination in Sarajevo precipitated Austria-Hungary's declaration of war against Serbia. This caused Germany and Austria-Hungary, and countries allied with Serbia to declare war on each other, starting World War I.
13. A 1917 diplomatic proposal from the German Empire to Mexico to make war against the United States.
14.A federal agency created in April 1918 by President Woodrow Wilson. Its purpose was to settle disputes between workers and employers in order to ensure labor reliability and productivity during the war.
15.The name given to the alliance among Great Britain, France and Russia during WWI.
16.Hoover believed “Food will win the war” and had established set days to encourage people to avoid eating certain foods in order to send those foodstuffs to troops.
17.Government agency established to coordinate the purchase of war supplies.
18.A form of occupied fighting lines, consisting largely of trenches, in which troops are largely immune to the enemy's small arms fire and are substantially sheltered from artillery.
19.An American financier that became an advisor to W. Wilson and FDR on economic matters.
20.An ocean liner that was sunk by a German U-boat, turning public opinion in many countries against Germany, and contributed to the American entry of WWI.
21.The movement of a large amount of African-Americans to the north in response to unskilled factory job openings due to WWI.
22.An organization founded as a result of the Paris Peace Conference that ended WWI, and was the precursor to United Nations.
23.A defensive military alliance between Germany, Austria-Hungary, and Italy during WWI.
24.Established Daylight Savings Time to provide a standard time for the US.
25.The Roaring 20’s
26.American poet, novelist, playwright, and columnist, famous for his work during the Harlem renaissance.
27.First African-American baseball player, played for Boston Red Sox and later, the NY Yankees.
28.A term applied to a "new breed" of young women who wore short skirts, bobbed their hair, listened to jazz, and flaunted their disdain for what was then considered acceptable behavior.
29.Trial where John T. Scopes was accused of the unlawful teaching of evolution.
30.A cultural movement that spanned the 1920s and 1930s, centered in the Harlem neighborhood of NYC.
31.Anarchists who were convicted of murdering two men during a 1920 armed robbery in South Braintree, Massachusetts. Were sentenced to death by electrocution.
32.An American author of novels and short stories, whose works are the paradigm writings of the Jazz Age, a term he coined himself. Famous for “This Side of Paradise” and “The Great Gatsby”.
33.American author, poet, journalist, educator, and early Civil Rights activist. Was chair of NAACP until 1930.
34.29th president of the US, republican. Signed peace treaty to end WWI, created League of Nations, known for being very friendly, even considered to be TOO friendly.
35.18th amendment established prohibition, 19th established women’s suffrage.
36.An American folklorist, anthropologist, and author during the time of the Harlem Renaissance, best known for “Their Eyes Were Watching God”.
37.A person who would illegally smuggle alcohol into the States.
38.Hidden, very secretive underground bars.
39.An American lawyer, best known for defending teenage thrill killers Leopold and Loeb in their trial for murdering 14-year-old Robert "Bobby" and defending John T. Scopes in the Scopes Trial, in which he opposed William Jennings Bryan.
40.The name of three distinct past and present far-right organizations in the United States, which have advocated extremist reactionary currents such as white supremacy, white nationalism, and anti-immigration, historically expressed through terrorism.
41.An American aviator, author, inventor, explorer, and social activist.
42.An American author and journalist, won the Nobel Peace Prize in 1954.
43.Founder of the Ford Motor Company, and sponsor of the development of the assembly line technique of mass production. His introduction of the Model T automobile revolutionized transportation and American industry.
44.30th president of the US, Republican.
45.First movie with sound.
46.Famous African-American jazz trumpeter.
47.American gangster who led a Prohibition-era crime syndicate in Chicago.
48.The strict adherence to specific theological doctrines typically in reaction against the theology of Modernism.
49.An American politician in the late-19th and early-20th centuries. Prosecutor in the Scopes trial.
50.A widespread fear of Bolshevism and Anarchism during WWI.
51.The first Mickey Mouse animated short released, and the first cartoon with sound.
52.A Jamaican publisher, journalist, and entrepreneur, who believed that uniting the blacks would be the only way to improve their condition, and thus founded the Universal Negro Improvement Association.
53.A bribery incident in which Secretary of the Interior Albert B. Fall leased Navy Petroleum reserves at Teapot Dome to private oil companies at low prices.
54.The enabling legislation for the 18th Amendment, gave more substance to the 18th.
55.Pact signed by the US, France, the UK, Italy, Japan, Germany, and other countries, and renounced aggressive war, prohibiting the use of war as “an instrument of national policy” except in matters of self-defense.

The Great Depression and New Deal
1.A controversial Roman Catholic priest. He was one of the first political leaders to use radio to reach a mass audience, as more than thirty million tuned to his weekly broadcasts during the 1930s. Coughlin began to use his radio program to issue anti-Semitic commentary, and later to rationalize some of the policies of Adolf Hitler and Benito Mussolini; was eventually silenced by the Roosevelt administration.
2.A concrete dam located in the Black Canyon of the Colorado River, on the border of Arizona and Nevada.
3.A romantic novel, later transcribed to film.
4.A radio drama adaptation of H.G. Wells’ novel of the same name, aired over the CBS radio network.
5.First woman to be appointed to the US Cabinet.
6.31st president of the US, was former Secretary of Commerce under C. Coolidge.
7.A public work relief program in the United States for unemployed, unmarried men, ages 17–25, between1933-42. A part of the New Deal of President Franklin D. Roosevelt, it provided unskilled manual labor jobs related to the conservation and development of natural resources in rural lands owned by federal, state and local governments.
8.A federal agency which holds primary responsibility for enforcing the federal securities laws and regulating the securities industry, the nation's stock and options exchanges, and other electronic securities markets in the US.
9.A series of economic programs implemented in the United States between 1933 and 1936. The programs were responses to the Great Depression, and focused on the 3 R’s: relief, recovery, and reform.
10.A US government corporation created by the Glass–Steagall Act of 1933. It provides deposit insurance, which guarantees the safety of deposits in member banks, at the time up to $5,000 per depositor per bank.
11.A federal law that limits the means with which employers may react to workers in the private sector who create labor unions, engage in collective bargaining, and take part in strikes and other forms of concerted activity in support of their demands.
12.A legislative initiative proposed by FDR to add more justices to the U.S. Supreme Court.
13.Shanty towns built by homeless people during the Great Depression.
14.An independent agency of the US government, established and chartered by the US Congress in 1932. The agency gave $2 billion in aid to state and local governments and made loans to banks, railroads, mortgage associations and other businesses.
15.A federation of unions that organized workers in industrial unions in the US.
16.The belief that all individuals can succeed on their own, and government help should be very minimal.
17.An assembly of WWI veterans who had gathered in Washington, D.C., in 1932 to demand immediate cash-payment redemption of their service certificates. On July 28, U.S. Attorney General William D. Mitchell ordered the veterans removed from all government property. Washington police met with resistance, shots were fired and two veterans were wounded and later died. President Herbert Hoover then ordered the army to clear the veterans' campsite. Army Chief of Staff General Douglas MacArthur commanded the infantry and cavalry supported by six tanks. The Bonus Army marchers were driven out, and their shelters and belongings burned.
18.An American writer. He wrote the Pulitzer Prize-winning novel “The Grapes of Wrath”, “East of Eden”, and “Of Mice and Men”.
19.The amount by which a government, private company, or individual's spending exceeds income over a particular period of time
20.May be either a subsidy or a price control, both with the intended effect of keeping the market price of a good higher than the competitive equilibrium level.
21.The 32nd president of the US and a central figure in world events during the mid-20th century, leading the United States during a time of worldwide economic crisis and world war. The only American president elected to more than two terms, he forged a durable coalition that realigned American politics for decades.
22.The largest and most ambitious New Deal agency, employing millions to carry out public works projects, including the construction of public buildings and roads.
23.A stock market index that shows how 30 large, publicly owned companies based in the US have traded during a standard trading session in the stock market.
24.A period of severe dust storms causing major ecological and agricultural damage in the American Midwest.
25.A law that established the FDIC in the US and introduced banking reforms, some of which were designed to control speculation.
26.A native or resident of Oklahoma.
27.Shortened the lame-duck period between presidencies.
28.The 40th Governor of Louisiana from 1928–1932 and as a U.S. Senator from 1932 to 1935; democrat.
29.The primary New Deal agency established by president FDR in 1933. The goal was to eliminate cutthroat competition by bringing industry, labor and government together to create codes of fair practices and set prices.
30.A Sicilian-born American film director and a creative force behind a number of films of the 1930s and 1940s, including “It Happened One Night”, “Mr. Deeds Goes to Town”, “Lost Horizon”, “You Can't Take It With You”, “Mr. Smith Goes to Washington”, “Meet John Doe”, “Arsenic and Old Lace” and “It's a Wonderful Life”.
31.Gave payments to the unemployed.
32.An unsecure method of financing.
33.Raised U.S. tariffs on over 20,000 imported goods to record levels.
34.Purchasing something by paying the margin, and borrowing the rest from a bank.
35.The crash of the Dow Jones stock market in 1929.
36.Restricted agricultural production in the New Deal era by paying farmers subsidies not to plant part of their land.
37.Provided navigation, flood control, electricity generation, and economic development in the Tennessee Valley, a region particularly affected by the Great Depression.
38.An independent agency of the United States federal government that administers Social Security, a social insurance program consisting of retirement, disability, and survivors' benefits.
39.An act that allowed for a plan that would close down insolvent banks and reorganize and reopen those banks strong enough to survive.
40.The new name given by the Roosevelt Administration to the Emergency Relief Administration, the main goal of which was alleviating household unemployment by creating new unskilled jobs in local and state government.
41.A British economist whose ideas have profoundly affected the theory and practice of modern macroeconomics, as well as the economic policies of governments. Aided FDR.
42.Repealed prohibition.
43.A United States federal law whose main provision is to prohibit federal employees from engaging in partisan political activity.
44.A prominent American businessman and political figure, father of JFK, RFK.
45.A large German commercial passenger-carrying rigid airship, the lead ship of the Hindenburg class, the longest class of flying machines of any kind and the largest airship by envelope volume. Caught fire and was destroyed while trying to dock in New Jersey.

World War II
1.The two main opposing forces throughout the war.
2.The largest of the ghettos in Nazi-occupied Europe, located in Poland during World War II.
3.A book written by Nazi leader Adolf Hitler; is both an autobiography and an explanation of Hitler’s ideologies.
4.An Austrian-born German politician and the leader of the National Socialist German Workers Party (Nazi party).
5.A  Soviet politician and Bolshevik revolutionary, who held the position of first General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union's Central Committee from 1922 until his death in 1953. Known for communism in one country.
6.The 124th emperor of Japan, reigned during the WWII era.
7.A series of attacks against Jews throughout Nazi Germany and parts of Austria on November 9–10, 1938.
8.Physicians killed thousands of people specified in Hitler's secret memo of September 1, 1939, as suffering patients "judged incurably sick, by critical medical examination".
9.SS paramilitary death squads that were responsible for mass killings, typically by shooting, of Jews in particular, but also significant numbers of other population groups and political categories.
10.A French general and statesman who led the Free French Forces during World War II.
11.A policy requested by FDR at a special session of the US Congress on September 21, 1939, as WWII was spreading throughout Europe.
12.A.K.A., the Three-Power Pact, and the Axis Pact, was a pact signed in Berlin, Germany on September 27, 1940, which established the Axis Powers of World War II. The pact was signed by representatives of Germany, Italy, and Japan.
13.The ideology and practice of the Nazi Party and of Nazi Germany. It was a type of fascism that involved biological racism and anti-Semitism.
14.The effort led by the US that resulted in the development of the nuclear bomb.
15.Suicide attacks by Japanese aviators against the Allied forces.
16.The landing operations of the Allied invasion of Normandy during WWII.
17.Five-star general of the US Army during WWII.
18.The date when the WWII Allies formally accepted the unconditional surrender of the armed forces of Nazi Germany and the end of Hitler's Third Reich.
19.A British politician and statesman known for his leadership of the United Kingdom during the WWII.
20.Originally created to control prices and rents after the outbreak of WWII.
21.A prominent twentieth-century African-American civil rights leader.
22.A surprise attack against the US naval base at Pearl Harbor on Dec. 7, 1945, which led to US involvement in WWII.
23.Debt securities issued by a government for the purpose of financing military operations during times of war.
24.An American theoretical physicist and professor of physics at the University of California, Berkeley. He is often called the "father of the atomic bomb" for his role as the scientific director of the Manhattan Project.
25.The wartime meeting of the heads of government of the United States, the United Kingdom, and the Soviet Union, represented by FDR, Winston Churchill, and Joseph Stalin, for the purpose of discussing Europe's post-war reorganization.
26.The deliberate and total destruction of a race, religious, ethnic, or national group.
27.A camp where civilians, enemy aliens, political prisoners, and sometimes prisoners of war are detained and confined, typically under harsh conditions.
28.The first Nazi concentration camp opened in Germany.
29.Hitler’s propaganda minister during WWII.
30.An Italian politician who led the National Fascist Party and is credited with being one of the key figures in the creation of Fascism.
31.Japanese general in the Imperial Japanese Army, and the 40th Prime Minister of Japan during much of WWII.
32.The occupation and annexation of Austria into Nazi Germany in 1938.
33.A pivotal policy statement first issued in August 1941 that early in WWII defined the Allied goals for the post-war world.
34.The German people needed “Lebensraum” ("living space), and that it should be found in the East. It was the stated policy of the Nazis to kill, deport, or enslave the Polish, Russian and other Slavic populations, and to repopulate the land with Germanic peoples.
35.All-mechanized force concentration of tanks, infantry, artillery and air power, concentrating overwhelming force at high speed to break through enemy lines, and, once the latter is broken, proceeding without regard to its flank.
36.The name of the program under which the US supplied the UK, the USSR, China, France and other Allied nations with vast amounts of war material between 1941 and 1945.
37.A radical, authoritarian nationalist political ideology. Fascists advocate the creation of a totalitarian single-party state that seeks the mass mobilization of a nation through indoctrination, physical education, and family policy.
38.A political system where the state recognizes no limits to its authority and strives to regulate every aspect of public and private life wherever possible.
39.Trials held to prosecute 22 Nazi leaders for war crimes.
40.Major battles that ended in US victory and the capture of the island of Iwo Jima.
41.A term that refers to the means of crossing an ocean by a series of shorter journeys between islands.
42.An American general and field marshal of the Philippine Army. He was a Chief of Staff of the US Army during the 30s and played a prominent role in the Pacific theater during WWII.
43.The British-American invasion of French North Africa in WWII during the North African Campaign.
44.The controlled distribution of scarce resources, goods, or services.
45.Prescribed certain areas as military zones. Eventually, EO 9066 cleared the way for the relocation of Japanese Americans to internment camps.
46.The women's branch of the US Army.
47.The cities where the two US atomic bombs were dropped during WWII. Cause surrender of Japan.
48.A cultural feminist icon that represented women working in American factories during WWII.
49.A gathering of world leaders to decide on how to administer punishment to defeated Nazi Germany, and the issuing of peace treaties.
50.Established the rules for commercial and financial relations among the world's major industrial states in the mid-20th century.
51.The largest German concentration camp, located in Poland.
52.Camps built by Nazi Germany during the WWII to systematically kill millions by gassing.
53.Oversaw all internal and external police and security forces in Nazi Germany.
54.A lieutenant colonel in the Nazi Army and one of the main organizers of the Holocaust.
55.Spanish military general and head of state of Spain from Oct. 1936 until his death in Nov. 1975.
56.Prejudice and hatred towards Jews.
57.A German ocean liner most notable for a single voyage in 1939, in which her captain, Gustav Schröder, tried to find homes for 937 German Jewish refugees after they were denied entry to Cuba.
58.Anti-Semitic laws in Nazi Germany introduced at the annual Nuremberg Rally of the Nazi Party.
59.Jews, gypsies, Jehovah’s witnesses, the handicapped/mentally ill, homosexuals, political opponents who helped other targeted groups, and Soviet POWs.
60.Sought to ensure that the US would not become entangled again in foreign conflicts.
61.Renounced aggressive war, prohibiting the use of war as "an instrument of national policy" except in matters of self-defense.
62.A social and political movement which sought to employ a government which controls all businesses and citizens have equal rights to resources.
63.A foreign policy adopted by a nation in which the country refuses to enter into any alliances, foreign trade or economic commitments, or international agreements in hopes of focusing all of its resources into advancement within its own borders while remaining at peace with foreign countries by avoiding all entanglements of foreign agreements.
64.For: It was the fastest way to end the war with Japan which saved many allied lives. Also, here's a little published fact. Japan's attempt to launch a Nuclear attack on the United States was eminent and therefore, a speedy end to the war was needed.
Against: We would have beaten Japan anyway and so there was no need to use such a devastating method.
65.A major German offensive, launched toward the end of World War II through the densely forested Ardennes Mountains region of Wallonia in Belgium, and France and Luxembourg on the Western Front.
66.Possibly the most important naval battle of the Pacific Campaign of WWII, as it inflicted irreparable damage on the Japanese fleet.
67.The first air raid by the United States to strike the Japanese Home Islands during WWII.
68.A US Army officer best known for his leadership while commanding corps and armies as a general during WWII.
69.Regulated the production and allocation of materials and fuel during WWII in the US.
70.The 33rd President of the US.
71.A major battle of World War II in which Nazi Germany and its allies fought the Soviet Union for control of the city of Stalingrad in southwestern Russia.
72.The large-scale economic American program of cash grants to Europe with no repayment.
73.The meeting of Joseph Stalin, Franklin D. Roosevelt and Winston Churchill between November 28 and December 1, 1943, most of which was held at the Soviet Embassy in Tehran, Iran.
74.Convened to discuss the issue of increasing numbers of Jewish refugees fleeing Nazi persecution.
75.Nazi Germany's plan and execution of the systematic genocide of European Jews during WWII, resulting in the most deadly phase of the Holocaust.

The Cold War Begins
1.The practice of pushing dangerous events to the verge of disaster in order to achieve the most advantageous outcome.
2.A list or register of entities who, for one reason or another, are being denied a particular privilege, service, mobility, access or recognition.
3.An investigative committee of the US House of Representatives.
4.Carried supplies to the people in West Berlin during their blockade.
5.A policy set forth by US President Harry S. Truman on March 12, 1947 stating that the US would support Greece and Turkey with economic and military aid to prevent their falling into the Soviet sphere.
6.Investigated over 3 million employees of the federal government, delving into their past and present affiliations and actions in order to weed out those suspected of being communists or communist sympathizers.
7.Led the Soviet Union during part of the Cold War, and was responsible for the partial de-Stalinization of the Soviet Union, for backing the progress of the early Soviet space program, and for several relatively liberal reforms in areas of domestic policy.
8.American communists who were executed in 1953 for conspiracy to commit espionage during a time of war.
9.A political and military leader of 20th century China.
10.Served as US Secretary of State under Dwight D. Eisenhower from 1953 to 1959. He was a significant figure in the early Cold War era, advocating an aggressive stance against communism throughout the world.
11.Required the registration of Communist organizations with the US Attorney General and established the Subversive Activities Control Board to investigate persons suspected of engaging in subversive activities or otherwise promoting the establishment of a "totalitarian dictatorship," fascist or communist.
12.A concept commonly used to refer to policy and monetary relationships between legislators, national armed forces, and the industrial sector that supports them.
13.An American politician who served as a Republican US Senator from the state of Wisconsin from 1947 until his death in 1957.
14.Symbolized the ideological fighting and physical boundary dividing Europe into two separate areas from the end of WWII in 1945 until the end of the Cold War in 1989.
15.A Chinese revolutionary, guerrilla warfare strategist, poet, political theorist, and leader of the Chinese Revolution.
16.A barrier constructed by the German Democratic Republic that completely cut off West Berlin from surrounding East Germany and from East Berlin.
17. country could request American economic assistance and/or aid from US military forces if it was being threatened by armed aggression from another state.
18.The first human-made object to orbit the Earth. Launched by USSR.
19.The mid-twentieth-century list of screenwriters, actors, directors, musicians, and other U.S. entertainment professionals who were denied employment in the field because of their political beliefs or associations, real or suspected.
20.An intergovernmental military alliance based on the North Atlantic Treaty which was signed on April 4, 1949. The organization constitutes a system of collective defense whereby its member states agree to mutual defense in response to an attack by any external party.
21.A Cuban political leader and former communist revolutionary.
22.A spontaneous nationwide revolt against the government of the People's Republic of Hungary and its Soviet-imposed policies
23.A doctrine of military strategy and national security policy in which a full-scale use of nuclear weapons by two opposing sides would effectively result in the destruction of both the attacker and the defender, becoming thus a war that has no victory nor any armistice but only total destruction.
24.An American adviser, diplomat, political scientist, and historian, best known as "the father of containment" and as a key figure in the emergence of the Cold War.
25.The 38th parallel was first suggested as a dividing line for Korea in 1896. Russia was attempting to pull Korea under its control, while Japan had just secured recognition of its rights in Korea from the British. In an attempt to prevent any conflict, Japan proposed to Russia that the two sides split Korea into separate spheres of influence along the 38th parallel.
26.An international organization whose stated aims are facilitating cooperation in international law, international security, economic development, social progress, human rights, and achievement of world peace.
27.A US policy using military, economic, and diplomatic strategies to stall the spread of communism, enhance America’s security and influence abroad, and prevent a domino effect.
28.A weapon that was developed by the US during the Cold War and is many times more powerful than the atomic bomb.
29.An independent nation effectively dominated by another.
30.A US U-2 spy plane was shot down over Soviet airspace, US denied its purpose and mission.
31.An American lawyer, government official, author, and lecturer. He was involved in the establishment of the UN both as a US State Department and UN official.
32.Soviet equivalent to NATO.
33.A military conflict between South Korea, supported by the UN, and North Korea, supported by the People's Republic of China, with military material aid from the Soviet Union.
34.FDR provided WWII veterans with free college education.
35.The confrontation of the First Indochina War between the French Union's French Far East Expeditionary Corps and Viet Minh communist revolutionaries.
36.A civilian intelligence agency of the US government, responsible for providing national security intelligence assessment to senior US policymakers. The CIA also engages in covert activities at the request of the President of the US.
37.Postwar Prosperity: Truman and Eisenhower
38.A term used to describe the growth of areas on the fringes of major cities.4
39.A post-war increase in birth rate.
40.The name of four large suburban developments created in the US by William Levitt and his company Levitt & Sons. They featured large numbers of similar houses that were built easily and quickly, allowing rapid recovery of costs.
41.Intended to help people move from the urban areas to the suburbs.
42,A charge card company formed in 1950. Was the first independent credit card company in the world.
43.An American politician who served as a United States Senator. He also ran for Presidency in 1948 as the segregationist States’ Rights Democratic Party.
44.An African-American civil rights activist, whom the U.S. Congress called "the first lady of civil rights", and "the mother of the freedom movement".
45.The 14th Chief Justice of the United States Supreme Court and one of only two people to be elected Governor of California three times.
46.An American civil rights organization.
47.An American labor union leader and author.
48.The 37th President of the United States.
49.A theme park located in Anaheim, California, owned and operated by The Walt Disney Company. Known as Disneyland when it opened on July 18, 1955, it is the only theme park to be designed and built under the direct supervision of Walt Disney.
50.A region of the United States generally considered to stretch across the South and Southwest.
51.Sets a two-term limit for presidencies.
52.A 21 point program of domestic legislation outlining a series of proposed actions in the fields of economic development and social welfare, set by Harry S. Truman.
53.An African-American boy who was murdered in Mississippi at the age of 14 after reportedly flirting with a white woman.
54.An American clergyman, activist, and prominent leader in the African American civil rights movement.
55.The first black Major League Baseball player of the modern era.
56.A series of nonviolent protests which led to the Woolworth's department store chain reversing its policy of racial segregation in the Southern United States.
57.A national trade union center, the largest federation of unions in the United States, made up of 56 national and international unions, together representing more than 11 million workers.
58.A cultural icon, Elvis is one of the most popular American singers of the 20th century.
59.A restaurant opened by brothers Richard and Maurice McDonald in San Bernardino, California. Their introduction of the "Speedee Service System" in 1948 established the principles of the modern fast-food restaurant.
60.A US space program created in response to the Soviet’s launching of Sputnik.
61.A media stereotype of the 1950s and early 1960s that displayed the more superficial aspects of the Beat Generation literary movement of the 1950s and violent film images.
62.A short-lived segregationist, socially conservative political party in the United States.
63.A landmark decision of the United States Supreme Court that declared state laws establishing separate public schools for black and white students unconstitutional.
64.A political and social protest campaign that started in 1955 in Montgomery, Alabama, USA, intended to oppose the city's policy of racial segregation on its public transit system.
65.A group of nine African- American students were denied entrance into a segregated school by the state of Arkansas’ National Guard. D. Eisenhower then sent in troops to escort those nine students into the school.
66.One of the principal organizations of the American Civil Rights Movement in the 1960s.
67.Geneva became one of the first parts of Switzerland in which the rights movements achieved a certain measure of success.

The Tumultuous 1960’s
1.The first President of South Vietnam.
2.An unsuccessful action by a CIA-trained force of Cuban exiles to invade southern Cuba, with support and encouragement from the US government, in an attempt to overthrow the Cuban government of Fidel Castro.
3.First American in space
4.An American evangelical Christian evangelist.
5.An American painter, printmaker, and filmmaker who was a leading figure in the visual art movement known as pop art.
6.The 35th President of the United States.
7.An African-American Muslim minister, public speaker, and human rights activist
8.A contraceptive that essentially allowed for more sex among the masses.
9.Former US Marine who assassinated JFK.
10.Prohibits poll taxes of all forms.
11.An American politician, a Democratic senator from New York, and a noted civil rights activist.
12.An African American civil rights activist from Mississippi involved in efforts to overturn segregation at the University of Mississippi.
13.A five-term United States Senator from Arizona and the Republican Party's nominee for President in the 1964 election.
14.Abolished the National Origins Formula that had been in place in the United States since the Immigration Act of 1924.
15.Location of many pivotal civil rights gatherings.
16.A political organization and army in South Vietnam and Cambodia that fought the United States and South Vietnamese governments during the Vietnam War.
17.War fought between Israel and Egypt, Jordan, and Syria. The war began with a large-scale surprise air strike by Israel on Egypt. The outcome was a swift and decisive Israeli victory. Israel took effective control of the Gaza Strip and the Sinai Peninsula from Egypt, the West Bank and East Jerusalem from Jordan, and the Golan Heights from Syria.
18.The 38th Vice President of the United States.
19.The 45th Governor of Alabama, serving four terms. "The most influential loser" in 20th-century US politics, he ran for president four times, losing every time.
20.Acid rock served as "background" music for acid trips in underground parties in the 1960s, “acid” being LSD.
21.A student activist movement in the United States that was one of the main iconic representations of the country's New Left.
22.A Vietnamese Marxist revolutionary leader who was prime minister and president of the Democratic Republic of Vietnam. He formed the Democratic Republic of Vietnam and led the Vietcong during the Vietnam War until his death.
23.A confrontation among the Soviet Union, Cuba and the United States in October 1962, during the Cold War.
24.The spaceflight that landed the first humans on Earth's Moon on July 20, 1969.
25.A satirical, historical novel by the American author Joseph Heller, first published in 1961.
26.A term coined by JFK to describe space, and to get supporters.
27.A musical by Alan Jay Lerner and Frederick Loewe. It is based on the King Arthur legend as adapted from the T. H. White tetralogy novel “The Once and Future King”.
28.A social insurance program administered by the US government, providing health insurance coverage to people who are aged 65 and over, or who meet other special criteria.
29.A music festival, billed as "An Aquarian Exposition: 3 Days of Peace & Music".
30.An American business executive and the eighth Secretary of Defense, serving under Presidents JFK and L.B. Johnson from 1961 to 1968, during which time he played a large role in escalating the United States involvement in the Vietnam War.
31.An African-American revolutionary leftist organization; antithesis of KKK.
32.Civil rights activists that rode interstate buses into the segregated southern US to test the US Supreme Court decision Boynton v. Virginia.
33.An independent federal law enforcement agency that enforces laws against workplace discrimination.
34.A joint resolution which the US Congress passed on August 7, 1964 in response to a sea battle between the North Vietnamese Navy's Torpedo Squadron 135 and the destroyer USS Maddox on August 2 and an alleged second naval engagement between North Vietnamese boats and the US destroyers USS Maddox and USS Turner Joy on August 4 in the Tonkin Gulf.
35.Outlawed major forms of discrimination against blacks and women, including racial segregation.
36.A large-scale riot which lasted 6 days in the Watts neighborhood of Los Angeles, California, in August 1965.
37.A national independence movement founded in South China on May 19, 1941.
38.A political term that came into wide use during the 1960s and 1970s, used to describe public skepticism about the Johnson administration's statements and policies on the Vietnam War.
39.The provisional military demarcation line between North and South Vietnam established by the Geneva Accords of 1954.
40.University where a student protest acknowledging free speech and academic freedom was held, as well as an anti-Vietnam war protest.
41.Free love is a social movement that rejects marriage and occurs through the time period, and the sexual revolution was a social outlook that challenged the traditional codes of behavior.
42.A radical group of domestic terrorists that split from the Students for a Democratic Society in the 1960s because they didn't believe in peaceful protest.
43.A ballistic missile with a long range typically designed for nuclear weapons delivery.
44.The first American to orbit the Earth and third American in space.
45.A nonfiction book written by Betty Friedan. It is widely credited with sparking the beginning of second-wave feminism in the United States.
46.An American volunteer program run by the US Government.
47.A set of domestic programs proposed or enacted in the United States on the initiative of President Lyndon B. Johnson. Two main goals of the Great Society social reforms were the elimination of poverty and racial injustice.
48.A US politician who served as the 36th President of the US (1963-1969) after his service as the 37th Vice President of the US.
49.A defendant in police custody will be admissible at trial only if the prosecution can show that the defendant was informed of the right to consult with an attorney before and during questioning and of the right against self-incrimination prior to questioning by police, and that the defendant not only understood these rights, but voluntarily waived them.
50.Investigate the assassination of JFK on November 22, 1963.
51.A landmark piece of national legislation in the US that outlawed discriminatory voting practices that had been responsible for the widespread disenfranchisement of African Americans in the US.
52.A defense strategy implemented by JFK in 1961 where multiple options were given.
53.The first Director of the FBI.
54.An influential study of poverty in the US, published in 1961 and it was a driving force behind the "war on poverty." Written by Michael Harrington.
55.A Cabinet department in the Executive branch of the US government. It was founded as a Cabinet department in 1965, as part of the "Great Society" program of President Lyndon Johnson, to develop and execute policies on housing and metropolises.
56.A campaign in the United States launched in June 1964 to attempt to register as many African American voters as possible in Mississippi, which up to that time had almost totally excluded black voters.
57.Black activist active in the 1960s American Civil Rights Movement. Became the leader of the Black Panthers.
58.A theory during the 1950s to 1980s that speculated that if one land in a region came under the influence of communism, then the surrounding countries would follow in a domino effect.
59.The Vietnam War. It was the first war to be televised to watch in safety of one’s home, during the evening meal.
60.Selected a new nominee to run as the Democratic Party’s candidate for the office.
61.A sociological term used to describe the values and norms of behavior of a cultural group, or subculture, that run counter to those of the social mainstream of the day, the cultural equivalent of political opposition.
62.A series of spontaneous, violent demonstrations against a police raid that took place in the early morning hours of June 28, 1969, at the Stonewall Inn, in the Greenwich Village neighborhood of New York City.
63.The unofficial name for legislation first introduced by L.B. Johnson during his State of the Union address on January 8, 1964.