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 {{Infobox musical artist
 | name = Yes
 | image = Yes concert.jpg
 | caption  = Yes in concert, 1977<br>Left to right: [[Steve Howe (musician)|Steve Howe]], [[Alan White (Yes drummer)|Alan White]], [[Jon Anderson]], [[Chris Squire]], [[Rick Wakeman]]
 | image_size = 250
 | landscape = Yes
 | background = group_or_band
 | origin = London, England
 | genre = {{Flatlist|
 *[[Progressive rock]]
 *[[symphonic rock]]
 *[[art rock]]
 *[[psychedelic rock]]
 *[[experimental rock]]}}
 | years_active = 1968–81, 1982–2004, 2008–present
 | label = {{Flatlist|
 *[[Atlantic Records|Atlantic]]
 *[[Atco Records|Atco]]
 *[[Arista Records|Arista]]
 *[[JVC|Victory]]
 *[[Sanctuary Records|Sanctuary]]
 *[[Eagle Records|Eagle]]
 *[[Frontiers Records|Frontiers]]}}
 | associated_acts = {{Flatlist|
 *[[The Syn]]
 *[[The Buggles]]
 *[[Anderson Bruford Wakeman Howe]]
 *[[Cinema (band)|Cinema]]
 *[[XYZ (UK band)|XYZ]]
 *[[Asia (band)|Asia]]
 *[[Patrick Moraz|Moraz]]/[[Bill Bruford|Bruford]]
 *[[Conspiracy (band)|Conspiracy]]
 *[[Circa (band)|Circa]]
 *[[Yoso]]
 *[[Glass Hammer]]
 *[[Mystery (band)|Mystery]]}}
 | website = {{URL|http://www.yesworld.com/}}
 | current_members = {{Flatlist|
 *[[Chris Squire]]
 *[[Steve Howe (musician)|Steve Howe]]
 *[[Alan White (Yes drummer)|Alan White]]
 *[[Geoff Downes]]
 *[[Jon Davison]]}}
 | past_members = See [[#Band members|Band members]]
 }}
 '''Yes''' are<!-- not "is"; British English is used for this article. See [[WP:ENGVAR]] for a detailed explanation. --> an English [[progressive rock]] band that formed in [[London]] in 1968. They are characterised by their song structures, vocal harmonies, instrumentation, esoteric lyrics, and lengthy performances. [[#Band members|Seventeen musicians]] have been full-time members in the band's history; since 2012 it has consisted of bassist [[Chris Squire]], guitarist [[Steve Howe (musician)|Steve Howe]], drummer [[Alan White (Yes drummer)|Alan White]], keyboardist [[Geoff Downes]], and singer [[Jon Davison]].
 
 Early Yes performances included cover songs by other artists combined with their own material, as evident in their [[Yes (Yes album)|same-titled debut album]] (1969) and ''[[Time and a Word]]'' (1970). Yes evolved into a progressive rock band with ''[[The Yes Album]]'' (1971), which was followed by their critically-acclaimed albums: ''[[Fragile (Yes album)|Fragile]]'' (1971), ''[[Close to the Edge (Yes album)|Close to the Edge]]'' (1972), ''[[Tales from Topographic Oceans]]'' (1973), ''[[Relayer]]'' (1974), and ''[[Going for the One]]'' (1977). After the release of ''[[Tormato]]'' (1978), disputes over the band's direction contributed to unsuccessful recording sessions in [[Paris]] in late 1979. When touring to promote ''[[Drama (Yes album)|Drama]]'' (1980) ended, Yes disbanded in 1981.
 
 In 1982, Yes reformed with a musical direction that was more commercial and pop-oriented, which resulted in their best-selling album ''[[90125]]'' (1983), their US number one single "[[Owner of a Lonely Heart]]", and ''[[Big Generator]]'' (1987). In 1991, Yes and members of [[Anderson Bruford Wakeman Howe]] performed on ''[[Union (Yes album)|Union]]'' (1991) and its supporting tour as a brief eight-man lineup. Their subsequent albums: ''[[Talk (Yes album)|Talk]]'' (1994), ''[[Keys to Ascension]]'' (1996), ''[[Keys to Ascension 2]]'' (1997), ''[[Open Your Eyes (Yes album)|Open Your Eyes]]'' (1997), ''[[The Ladder]]'' (1999) and ''[[Magnification (album)|Magnification]]'' (2001), saw the band use digital production techniques, returning to write extended songs, and recording and touring with an orchestra. Between 1997 and 2004, Yes performed worldwide that included their 30th and 35th anniversary concert tours. In 2008, after a four-year hiatus, they resumed touring, released ''[[Fly from Here]]'' (2011), and started work on a new album.
 
 Yes are one of the most popular, influential, and long lasting progressive rock bands. In 1985, they won a [[Grammy Award]] for [[Grammy Award for Best Rock Instrumental Performance|Best Rock Instrumental Performance]] with "[[Cinema (Yes song)|Cinema]]", and were nominated for five other awards between 1985 and 1992. Nine of their 20 studio albums have reached the Top 10 in either the UK or the US charts, with two claiming the UK number one spot. Yes have sold 13.5 million certified units in the US.<ref name=riaa>{{cite web|url=http://www.riaa.com/goldandplatinum.php?content_selector=top-selling-artists|title=Top Selling Artists|publisher=RIAA|accessdate=11 January 2012}}</ref>
 
 ==History==
 ===Formation and signing with Atlantic (1968–69)===
 In January 1968 bassist [[Chris Squire]] formed Mabel Greer's Toyshop with singer and guitarist Clive Bailey, drummer Bob Hagger, and guitarist [[Peter Banks]].<ref name=welch3234>Welch, p. 32–34.</ref> They secured a residency at the [[Marquee Club]] in [[Soho]] where Jack Barrie, owner of the nearby La Chasse club, saw them perform. He recalled "the musicianship in a band like Mabel Greer's Toyshop was very good but it was obvious they weren't going anywhere".<ref name=welch2223>Welch, pp. 22–23.</ref> [[Jon Anderson]], a worker at La Chasse who had not found success as a solo artist or singing in [[The Gun (band)|The Gun]],<ref name=welch2223/> was introduced to Squire by Barrie. The two shared common musical interests such as [[Simon & Garfunkel]], [[The Association]], and vocal harmonies. Two days later they wrote "Sweetness" which was later recorded and released on the [[Yes (album)|first Yes album]].<ref name=welch24>Welch, p. 24.</ref> Banks subsequently left Mabel Greer's Toyshop for a brief run with Neat Change, another group that played at the Marquee, which left Bailey as lead guitarist<ref name=welch24/> and Anderson on lead vocals.<ref name=welch3234/>
 
 Hagger was soon replaced by drummer [[Bill Bruford]], who had placed an advertisement for work in ''[[Melody Maker]]''.<ref name=welch34-35>Welch, pp. 34–35.</ref> On 7 June 1968, the day he first met Anderson and Squire, Bruford played his first gig with the band at the Rachel McMillan College in [[Deptford]].<ref name=welch44>Welch, p. 44.</ref> He remembered playing "[[In the Midnight Hour]]" by [[Wilson Pickett]] "forever" as the band "only had about one tune" they could play.<ref name=welch37>Welch, p. 37.</ref>{{#tag:ref|Bruford's diary reveals the band was paid £11 for the gig.<ref name=welch37/> According to Welch, this was also the final performance by Mabel Greer's Toyshop.<ref name=welch34-35/>|group="nb"}} With a £500 loan given by John Roberts, a paper manufacturer from [[Yorkshire]], the band purchased new equipment<ref>Welch, pp. 40–41.</ref> and rented a rehearsal room in the basement of The Lucky Horseshoe cafe on [[Shaftesbury Avenue]] between 10 June and 9 July 1968,<ref name=welch44/> which ended in Banks, after being kicked out of Neat Change, replacing Bailey.<ref name=welch34-35/> It was also during this time that [[Tony Kaye (musician)|Tony Kaye]] was picked as keyboardist.<ref>Welch, p. 38.</ref> With the new lineup complete, ideas surfaced to rename Mabel Greer's Toyshop. Barrie agreed with Anderson for "a single name ... simple and to the point" which included Life<ref>Welch, p. 43.</ref> and World.<ref>Classic Artists: Yes. (DVD)</ref> The band was subsequently named Yes, which was originally Banks's suggestion.<ref name=welch3234/> Their first show as Yes took place at a youth camp in [[East Mersea]], [[Essex]] on 4 August 1968.<ref name=welch45>Welch, p. 45.</ref> This was followed by regular [[List of Yes concert tours#Early shows|performances across the UK]] that included supporting [[The Who]] for some dates.<ref>Welch, p. 49.</ref>
 
 Early Yes performances included covers from artists including [[The Beatles]], [[The 5th Dimension]], [[Traffic (band)|Traffic]], and [[Buffalo Springfield]].<ref name=welch45/> Most of the band lived together in Drayton Gardens in [[South Kensington]]<ref>Hedges, p. 30.</ref> before moving to 50A Munster Road in [[Fulham]] after Flynn paid a deposit.<ref>Welch, p. 67.</ref> Bruford described the group during this time as a "fire crew", in case Anderson's "masterful haranguing of promoters produced a gig, which could be at 24 hours notice."<ref>Bruford, p. 11</ref> On 16 September 1968, [[Sly and the Family Stone]] cancelled their headline spot at Blaises Club at the last minute, leaving owner Roy Flynn desperate for a replacement. At the suggestion of [[Tony Stratton-Smith]], who knew Yes lives nearby, Flynn contacted the band who performed to a welcome reception. He recalled being "totally knocked out" from their set and became Yes's manager that night. He then bought them a [[Hammond organ]], a new drum kit, and a transit van.<ref>Welch, pp. 50–51</ref> Later in the month, Bruford decided to leave to pursue economics at [[Leeds University]] which left Anderson, according to Barrie, "really gobsmacked".<ref name=welch52-53>Welch, pp. 52–53.</ref> During the gigs that followed Bruford's replacement, Tony O'Riley of [[The Koobas]], struggled to perform with Yes on stage.{{#tag:ref|One of the shows were at Leeds University, which Bruford attended. He described the show as "a bit of a mess. They were in trouble and I could tell the drummer was struggling! The problem was he played a quarter note behing everyone else!"<ref name=welch52-53/>|group="nb"}} Bruford meanwhile, was denied one year of [[sabbatical leave]] from the university which led to his decision to return to Yes, in time for their support slot at [[Cream (band)|Cream]]'s farewell concert at the [[Royal Albert Hall]] on 26 November 1968.<ref name=welch52-53/>
 
 In early 1969, Flynn secured Yes a record contract with [[Atlantic Records]] after [[Ahmet Ertegun]] saw the band play at the [[Speakeasy Club]]. Recalled Squire, "It was an example of Roy Flynn not really knowing what he was doing. He had some preliminary negotiations with Ahmet and of course he would have known the wise thing would have been to sign us for a three album deal. But I can remember Roy ... saying 'I've just spoken to Ahmet and he wants to sign us for 12 or maybe 14 albums!' I said, 'That's fantastic. He really believes in us that much?' Of course we didn't realise that was the worst thing he could have possibly done. Obviously the rates were very low for a new band just signing its first deal. So we ended up signing this very long contract for very low points. By the time ... the band had become successful we managed to negotiate it up by dribs and drabs."<ref>Welch, p. 58.</ref>
 
 ===Debut album, ''Time and a Word'', and ''The Yes Album'' (1969–71)===
 In their first year, Yes had completed dates in [[Switzerland]], [[Germany]], [[Belgium]], the [[Netherlands]], and [[Ireland]] and continued to tour the UK, this time supporting [[The Nice]]. They released their debut album, ''[[Yes (Yes album)|Yes]]'', in August 1969.<ref name=welch315>Welch 2008, p. 315</ref> Compiled of mostly original material, the record includes renditions of "[[Every Little Thing (song)|Every Little Thing]]" by The Beatles and "I See You" by [[The Byrds]]. The group released "Sweetness" as their first single with "Something's Coming", a rearrangement of the ''[[West Side Story]]'' song, as its [[B-side]] which sold around 500 copies.<ref>Hedges, p. 36</ref> ''Yes'' failed to break into the charts, but it received a number of positive reviews. ''Melody Maker'' columnist Tony Wilson chose Yes and [[Led Zeppelin]] as the two bands "most likely to succeed",<ref>Liner notes on Yes (1969)</ref> while drummer [[Buddy Rich]], in his guest review for the magazine, awarded the album five stars "for choice of material, conception, arrangement, and professionalism in performance".<ref name=hed35>Hedges, p. 35</ref> Following its North American release in November 1969,<ref>Morse, p. 11</ref> ''[[Cashbox (magazine)|Cashbox]]'' noted it was "not only one of the finest and most brilliant albums of the year, but may signal in its unusual blend of folk and jazz styles, coupled with powerful and poetic lyrics, a new direction for the contemporary sound." The review concluded that Yes were "going to be giants".<ref name=hed35/>
 
 In late 1969, Yes returned to [[Advision Studios]] to record their second album, ''[[Time and a Word]]''. Produced by Tony Colton, it was suggested by [[Phil Carson]], then-European General Manager of Atlantic and a fan of Yes, to have audio engineer [[Eddy Offord]] work on the album.<ref name=welch76>Welch, p. 76</ref> According to Bruford, it was Anderson's idea to record the album with an orchestra.{{#tag:ref|The orchestra was formed of student string players from the [[Royal College of Music]] with session brass players. String arrangements and conducting duties were by Tony Cox.<ref name=welch76/>|group="nb"}} Banks disliked the idea of an orchestra and working with Colton from the beginning. During one heated recording session, he threw a guitar at Colton and threatened to leave the band. "All they were were doing was copying the guitar and organ parts and playing them instead of us. A lot of guitar was gone ... It was kind of jumping on the bandwagon because The Nice and [[Deep Purple]] had both recorded with an orchestra".<ref name=welch77>Welch, p. 77.</ref> The album includes renditions of "Everydays" by [[Stephen Stills]] and "No Opportunity Necessary, No Experience Needed" by [[Richie Havens]].
 
 In March 1970, while Yes rehearsed at a farm in [[Devon]], Flynn could no longer provide Yes financially and decided to part ways.<ref name=welch91>Welch, p. 91</ref> Banks thought the group's decision to let Flynn go was "a rotten thing to do ... He had given up his job at the Speakeasy to manage us full time and he'd invested all of his own money into the band." Flynn attempted to pitch deals with [[Sid Bernstein]] and [[Peter Grant]], but neither were interested. In the end, the [[Hemdale Film Corporation|Hemdale Company]], then run by actor [[David Hemmings]], his manager [[John Daly (producer)|John Daly]], and Brian Lane (born Harvey Freed),{{#tag:ref|Brian Lane was first suggested to Squire by his hairdresser.<ref>Welch, p. 90.</ref>|group="nb"}} agreed to take Yes while appointing Lane as their new manager.<ref name=welch91/>{{#tag:ref|Flynn's deal with Hemdale meant he would retain "five per cent of the earnings of the band in recognition of his efforts on their behalf", remain a director of their Yessongs publishing company, and keep thirty per cent of the shares. Flynn claimed he "never got paid", which resulted in legal action. The dispute was settled out of court in 1973, with Flynn accepting a $150,000 payment from Hemdale.<ref name=welch92>Welch, p. 92</ref>|group="nb"}}
 
 In the same month, Yes performed two solo concerts with an orchestra at the [[Queen Elizabeth Hall]] in March 1970 to promote ''Time and a Word''.<ref>Welch, p. 77.</ref> Banks, who was dissatisfied with the idea of recording with an orchestra and the sacking of Flynn, left the group in May 1970.<ref>Welch, p. 80.</ref> Banks later claimed he was fired by Anderson and Squire, and that Kaye and Bruford had no prior knowledge that it would be happening. Banks described the band's situation at the time of his departure. "The gigs were getting bad and we just weren't making any money. We were on a weekly salary and any other money that came in was used to keep the band running ... We were living from gig to gig."<ref>Welch, p. 81.</ref>
 
 Released in July 1970,<ref name=welch315/> ''Time and a Word'' marked the band's first entry into the UK charts with a peak of number 45. It failed to chart in the US. "Time and a Word" and "Sweet Dreams" were released as singles.<ref>Welch</ref> According to Carson, Ertegun "dropped Yes right after ''Time and a Word'' ... I called up Ahmet and was able to convince him to withdraw the drop notice, which he did".<ref>Welch, p. 96.</ref>
 
 Banks was replaced by [[Steve Howe (musician)|Steve Howe]].{{#tag:ref|Howe was photographed with the group on the North American release of ''Time and a Word'' despite not playing on it.<ref>Welch, p. 89.</ref>|group="nb"}} Yes received $5,000 to purchase new equipment.<ref name=welch94>Welch, p. 94.</ref> Yes subsequently retreated to [[Devon]] to write and rehearse new material. Two weeks were spent in Churchwood, near [[Barnstaple]], before moving to [[South Molton]] for two months because, as Howe remembered, "we couldn't make enough noise at night and it was very restricted".<ref>Kirkman, p. 31</ref> Howe established himself as an integral part of the group's sound with his [[Gibson ES-175]] and variety of acoustic guitars. With their new material, Yes recorded ''[[The Yes Album]]'' at Advision Studios from October to November 1970. This time, Offord was the sole recording engineer, with production duties shared between himself and the band. He recalled that recording sessions lasted as long as twelve hours, with each track being assembled from small sections at a time which were then pieced together to form a complete track. The band would then learn to play the song through after the final mix was complete.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://nfte.org/interviews/EO234.html|title=Conversation with Eddy Offord|first=Tim|last=Morse|year=2000|publisher=Notes From the Edge (www.nfte.org)|accessdate=12 August 2011}}</ref>
 
 ''The Yes Album'' was released in February 1971 during a [[1971 United Kingdom postal workers strike|UK postal workers strike]]. Squire commented: "None of the record stores could mail in their chart returns. So the music papers took their charts from [[Richard Branson]]'s [[Virgin Records|Virgin]] store. Whatever he sold there was the chart".<ref>Welch, p. 99.</ref> As a result, ''The Yes Album'' went to number 4 in the UK and broke into the US with a peak at number 40 on the ''[[Billboard (magazine)|Billboard]]'' [[Billboard 200|Top LPs]] chart. The album sold around 60,000 copies when it was first released.<ref>Wooding, p. .</ref> Yes subsequently appeared on ''[[Top of the Pops]]''.<ref>Hedges, p. 51.</ref>
 
 Yes resumed heavy touring to promote ''The Yes Album'', starting with a [[The Yes Album Tour#European leg|tour of the UK and Europe]] with [[Iron Butterfly]].<ref>Welch 2008, p. 102</ref> At the cost of selling all their [[publishing rights]], the band purchased Iron Butterfly's entire [[public address system]] which improved their on-stage performance and sound.<ref>Welch 2008, p. 104</ref> After subsequent dates in Germany, Italy, and the UK, Lane organised their [[The Yes Album Tour#North American leg|first North American tour]] with [[Frank Barsalona]] of Premier Talent, who agreed to have Yes support [[Jethro Tull]]. Their first date took place on 24 June 1971 in [[Edmonton, Alberta]], [[Canada]].<ref>Bruford, p. 55</ref> The band earned $800 per night on the tour.<ref>Hedges, p. 52.</ref> The tour ended on 31 July 1971 at [[Crystal Palace Park]], after which Kaye left the band before his return in 1982. The decision was made after friction arising between Howe and himself on tour,<ref>Welch 2008, p. 109</ref> along with his reported reluctance to play other keyboard instruments like the [[Mellotron]] and the [[Minimoog]] synthesiser.
 
 ===''Fragile'', ''Close to the Edge'', and ''Yessongs'' (1971–73)===
 In August 1971, Kaye was replaced by [[Rick Wakeman]], a fellow classically-trained player from the [[Strawbs]] and a noted session musician.{{#tag:ref|The Strawbs had supported Yes at a gig in [[Kingston upon Hull|Hull]] in 1970. Wakeman remembered "everything they did was different from what rock bands normally did ... The straightest element then was Tony Kaye who played straight blues style."<ref>Welch, pp. 113–114.</ref>|group="nb"}} Recording for ''[[Fragile (Yes album)|Fragile]]'' took place a month later at Advision Studios with Offord assuming his role as engineer. The album is formed of nine tracks; four are group compositions with the remaining five being tracks written by each member. The album contains "[[Roundabout (song)|Roundabout]]" which became one of the band's best-known songs. ''Fragile'' marked the start of the Yes' long time collaboration with artist [[Roger Dean (artist)|Roger Dean]] who would design many of their future album covers.
 
 ''Fragile'' was released in the UK in November 1971 and peaked at number 7 in the charts. Following release in the US in January 1972, the record peaked at number 4.<ref name=allmusicalbumchart>{{cite web|url=http://www.allmusic.com/artist/yes-p5891/charts-awards/billboard-albums|title=Yes Billboard Albums |work=Allmusic |accessdate=4 February 2012}}</ref> "Roundabout" released as a single that peaked at number 13 on the ''Billboard'' [[Billboard Hot 100|Hot 100]] singles chart.<ref>{{cite web |url={{Allmusic|class=artist|id=p5891|pure_url=yes}} |title=Yes > Charts & Awards > Billboard Singles |publisher=Allmusic |accessdate={{Start date|2009|12|20|df=yes}}}}</ref> Yes's [[Fragile Tour|1971–72 tour of Europe and the US]] began the band's long tradition of opening each concert with an excerpt of ''[[The Firebird]]'' by [[Igor Stravinsky]].<ref>''Yessongs'' track listing. Atlantic Records 1973.</ref> During the tour, Yes recorded a rendition of "[[America (Paul Simon song)|America]]" by [[Paul Simon]] that peaked at number 46 on the US singles chart.<ref name=allmusicsinglechart>{{cite web|url=http://www.allmusic.com/artist/yes-p5891/charts-awards/billboard-singles|title=Yes Billboard Singles |work=Allmusic |accessdate=5 February 2012}}</ref>
 
 When touring for ''Fragile'' ended in March 1972, Yes returned to Advision Studios to record their fifth studio album, ''[[Close to the Edge (Yes album)|Close to the Edge]]''. The LP consists of three tracks, with the first side dedicated to the nineteen-minute [[Close to the Edge (song)|title track]] that is divided into four sections. Side two features "[[And You and I]]" and "[[Siberian Khatru]]". Released in September 1972, ''Close to the Edge'' peaked at number 3 in the US<ref name=allmusicalbumchart/> and number 4 on the UK album charts.<ref>Welch 2008, p. 129</ref> "And You and I, Part II (Eclipse)" was released as a single that peaked at number 42 in the US.<ref name=allmusicsinglechart/>
 
 On 19 July 1972, after recording for ''Close to the Edge'' was complete, Bruford left to join [[King Crimson]]. "It wasn't so much that he [[[Robert Fripp]]] made me leave Yes", said Bruford. "I was about to leave anyway, but he was there to catch me when I fell".<ref>Hedges, p. 69</ref> Bruford described the "loved the record, hated making it".<ref>Possibly Bruford, p.</ref> Bruford was replaced with [[Alan White (Yes drummer)|Alan White]], a friend of Offord's who once sat in with the band for a rehearsal of "Siberian Khatru" after Bruford had left the session early.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.moderndrummer.com/web_exclusive/900001144/Alan%20White |title=Yes's Alan White Exclusive Interview: Modern Drummer Magazine |publisher=Moderndrummer.com |accessdate=20 August 2011}}</ref> Bruford claims he was obliged to share his royalties from ''Close to the Edge'' with White, and that Lane enforced a compensation payment of $10,000 for leaving.<ref>Welch, p. 126</ref> After the opening four dates to their [[Close to the Edge Tour|1972–73 world tour]] were cancelled, White learned Yes's live repertoire in three days, which included one group rehearsal, prior to his live debut with Yes on 30 July 1972. The tour marked the band's first concerts in Japan and Australia. Their two shows at the [[Rainbow Theatre]] in December 1972 were documented for their same-titled concert film, [[Yessongs (film)|Yessongs]], that was released in cinemas worldwide in 1975<ref>Welch 2008, p. 146</ref> with added psychedelic images and effects.
 
 In May 1973, the band released ''[[Yessongs]]'', a triple live album compiled of recordings from their ''Fragile'' and ''Close to the Edge'' tours throughout 1972. The album peaked at number 7 in the UK and number 12 in the US.<ref name=allmusicalbumchart/><ref>Welch 2008, p. 136</ref> In September 1973, Yes received two ''Melody Maker'' Pop Poll awards in two categories, with Wakeman voted as top keyboard player.<ref>Welch, pp. 136–137.</ref>
 
 ===''Tales from Topographic Oceans'', ''Relayer'', and solo albums (1973–76)===
 In March 1973, during the ''Close to the Edge'' tour, Anderson found inspiration for the band's sixth studio album, ''[[Tales from Topographic Oceans]]'', from a footnote in ''[[Autobiography of a Yogi]]'' by [[Paramahansa Yogananda]] which described four [[Shastra|Shastric]] scriptures. Recording took place across five months at [[Morgan Studios]].
 
 Released as a [[double album]] in December 1973  with one track occupying each side of the LP, the record became the first to qualify for a gold record based on pre-sales alone; it received 75,000 advance orders.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=DQkEAAAAMBAJ&printsec=frontcover|title=Yes LP Breaks Ground in U.K.|date=15 December 1973|work=Billboard|page=42|accessdate=11 February 2012}}</ref> It topped the UK charts for two weeks while peaking at number 6 in the US.<ref name=allmusicalbumchart/> Wakeman was not pleased with the record and is critical of much of its material.<ref name="spinal">{{Cite news | title = Yes, we were the original Spinal Tap, says Rick Wakeman of Seventies prog-rock supergroup | url = http://www.thisislondon.co.uk/showbiz/article-23537889-yes-we-were-the-original-spinal-tap-says-rick-wakeman-of-seventies-prog-rock-supergroup.do | work=London Evening Standard | date = 17 August 2009 | accessdate =15 October 2009 }}</ref> He felt sections were "bled to death" and contained too much musical padding.
 
 The UK leg of Yes's subsequent [[List of Yes concert tours#Tales from Topographic Oceans Tour|1973–74 tour of Europe and North America]] included five consecutive sold out shows at Rainbow Theatre, the first time a rock band achieved this.<ref>Wooding, p. 114.</ref> In February 1974, Yes performed two sold out shows [[Madison Square Garden]] which reportedly grossed over $200,000.<ref>Welch, p. 143.</ref> When the tour ended in April 1974, Wakeman left Yes on 18 May after confirming his departure with Lane over the telephone. He then received a call from A&M Records, informing him that his second solo album ''[[Journey to the Centre of the Earth (album)|Journey to the Centre of the Earth]]'' had gone to number one in the UK charts.<ref>{{cite web|archiveurl=http://web.archive.org/web/20080209095720/http://www.theofficialcharts.com/all_the_no1_albums.php?show=3|archivedate=9 February 2008|url=http://www.theofficialcharts.com/all_the_no1_albums.php?show=3|title=Number 1 Albums – 1970s|publisher=The Official Charts Company|accessdate=11 February 2012}}</ref> An official announcement regarding his exit followed on 8 June 1974.<ref name=welch150>Welch, p. 150.</ref>
 
 In their search to replace Wakeman, [[Vangelis Papathanassiou]] was offered the position but as Carson explained, "He came to London and tried out Yes but it didn't really gel. One of the problems was Vangelis wouldn't get on a plane and wouldn't fly anywhere and Yes were about to go on tour."<ref>Welch, p. 152.</ref> At the suggestion of music journalist and author [[Chris Welch]],<ref>Welch, p. 151.</ref> Swiss keyboardist [[Patrick Moraz]] chosen who joined in August 1974<ref>{{Cite news|title=News Briefs|work=Billboard|date=31 August 1974|accessdate=26 November 2012}}</ref> during the recording sessions for ''[[Relayer]]'', their seventh studio album which took place at Squire's home in [[Virginia Water]], [[Surrey]].
 
 Released in November 1974, ''Relayer'' showcased a [[jazz fusion]]-influenced direction the band were pursuing. The album features the 22-minute track titled "[[The Gates of Delirium]]" highlights a cosmic battle initially inspired by ''[[War and Peace]]'' by [[Leo Tolstoy]]. Its closing section, "Soon", was subsequently released as a single. The album reached number 4 in the UK and number 5 in the US.<ref name=allmusicalbumchart/><ref>Welch 2008, p. 154</ref> To promote ''Relayer'', Yes completed their [[List of Yes concert tours#Relayer Tour|1974–1975 tour of North America and the UK]] which included support from [[Gryphon]]. Moraz found it difficult to learn the band's previous material for the tour. He said, "I wrote the arrangements down on maps and charts and listened to all the keyboard solos ... Their music was extremely subtle, like classical music in a way ... It took me several weeks to get into it."<ref>Welch, p. 157.</ref> During the tour, the compilation album ''[[Yesterdays (Yes album)|Yesterdays]]'' was released in 1975.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Relayer & Yesterdays|work=Rolling Stone|first=Ken|last=Barnes|date=19 June 1975|accessdate=26 November 2012}}</ref>
 
 Between 1975 and 1976, each member of the band at the time released a solo album. Their subsequent [[List of Yes concert tours#1976 (Solo Album) Tour (1976)|1976 tour of North America]] lasted from May to August and featured some oqf the band's most-attended concerts. The 12 June show at the [[John F. Kennedy Stadium]] in Philadelphia, supported by [[Peter Frampton]], [[Gary Wright]], and [[Pousette-Dart Band]], was attended by over 100,000 people.<ref>{{Cite news|title= Yestour '76 - Laser Show Intrigues Audiences|work=Circus Magazine|date=13 September 1976|accessdate=26 November 2012|first=Peter|last=Crescenti}}</ref>
 
 ===''Going for the One'', ''Tormato'', and the Paris sessions (1976–79)===
 In late 1976, the band retreated as [[tax exile]]s<ref>Welch, p. 161.</ref> to [[Montreux]], [[Switzerland]] to record ''[[Going for the One]]'' at [[Mountain Studios]].<ref>Hedges, p. 108</ref> Moraz was let go from the band after Wakeman was invited to play on the album as a session musician. After hearing the band's rough demo tapes, Wakeman described the music as "magic".<ref>Hedges, p. 115</ref> ''Going for the One'' marked a number of changes for the band during its production. It was recorded with engineers John Timperley and [[David Richards (record producer)|David Richards]] after Offord thought the band had "got a bit stale". Instead of Dean, the band commissioned [[Hipgnosis]] to design the album's sleeve which depicts the [[Century Plaza Towers]] in [[Los Angeles]] while keeping Dean's Yes logo. With no unifying concept or theme, the album's first four tracks run between three and eight minutes before closing with the fifteen-minute track "[[Awaken (song)|Awaken]]".
 
 Released in July 1977 to commercial success, ''Going for the One'' topped the UK charts for two weeks and peaked at number 8 in the US.<ref name=allmusicalbumchart/><ref name=wel166 /> Its two singles, "Wonderous Stories" and "Going for the One", reached number 7 and 25 respectively in the UK singles chart.<ref name=wel166>Welch 2008, p. 166</ref> It went on to sell one million copies worldwide. The band's [[List of Yes concert tours#Going for the One Tour|1977 tour of North America and Europe]] lasted from July to December and included a record six consecutive sold out shows at [[Wembley Arena]]. In Philadelphia alone, 40,000 tickets were sold in less than 24 hours.<ref>Hedges, p. 120</ref>
 
 In February 1978, the band started rehearsals at Sound Associates in London for their ninth studio album, ''[[Tormato]]''. The majority of the album was recorded at Advision Studios, with the band continuing their movement for shorter songs; no track on the album runs longer than eight minutes.<ref>{{Cite news|title=The Yes Decade|date=17 October 1978|accessdate=26 November 2012|work=Circus Magazine|first=Kurt|last=Loder}}</ref> Wakeman replaced his Mellotrons with the [[Birotron]], a [[tape replay keyboard]], and Squire experimented with harmonisers and Mu-tron pedals with his bass. Production was handled collectively by the band and saw disagreements at the mixing stage among the members. The album reached number 8 in the UK and number 10 in the US charts.<ref name=allmusicalbumchart/> It went on to earn Platinum status in the US.<ref name=riaa/>
 
 Despite internal and external criticisms of the album, the band's [[List of Yes concert tours#Tormato Tour|1978–79 tour of North America and the UK]] was a commercial success. Concerts were performed [[Theatre in the round|in the round]] with a £50,000-central revolving stage and a 360-degree sound system fitted above it. Yes earned a "Golden Ticket Award" for grossing over $1 million in box office receipts from the tour.<ref>Wooding, p. 197</ref>
 
 In October 1979, the band convened in Paris with producer [[Roy Thomas Baker]]. Their diverse approach was now succumbing to division, as Anderson and Wakeman favoured the more fantastical and delicate approach while the rest preferred a heavier rock sound. In 1980 Howe, Squire and White liked none of the music Anderson was offering at the time as it was too lightweight and lacking in the heaviness that they were generating in their own writing sessions. The Paris sessions abruptly ended in December after White broke his foot while roller skating. When the band reconvened to consider their next move, their growing musical differences, combined with internal dissension, obstructed progress. In March 1980, Anderson and Wakeman left Yes.
 
 ===''Drama'' and band split (1980–81)===
 [[File:TheBuggles.jpg|thumb|right|upright|Geoff Downes and Trevor Horn]]
 In May 1980, it was publicly announced that singer [[Trevor Horn]] and keyboardist [[Geoffrey Downes]] of [[The Buggles]] had joined Yes.<ref>Welch, p. 186.</ref> The duo had a worldwide hit with the 1979 single "[[Video Killed the Radio Star]]", and were working in the same office as Yes after they acquired Lane as their manager.
 
 ''[[Drama (Yes album)|Drama]]'' was released in August 1980. The record displayed a heavier, harder sound than the material recorded with Anderson and Wakeman in 1979 as shown with the ten-minute track "[[Machine Messiah]]". The album peaked at number 2 in the UK and number 18 in the US.<ref name=allmusicalbumchart/> Their [[List of Yes concert tours#Drama Tour|1980 tour of North America and the UK]] received a mixed reaction from audiences. They were well received in the US; they were awarded with a commemorative certificate after they had performed a record 16 consecutive sold out concerts at Madison Square Garden since February 1974.<ref>Welch, p. 197.</ref> Carson went on to say that on the North American tour, "we got away with it".<ref>Classic Artists</ref> When the tour came over to the UK, some fans shouted out demanding the return of Anderson and Wakeman and left the show demanding their money back.
 
 In 1981, Yes reconvened in England to decide the band's next step. They dismissed Lane as a manager, and Horn chose to pursue a career in music production. White and Squire were next to depart, leaving Downes and Howe as the sole members. They opted not to continue with the group, and went their separate ways in December 1980. A live compilation album of performances from 1976 to 1978 was released as ''[[Yesshows]]'' that peaked at number 22 in the UK and number 43 in the US.<ref name=allmusicalbumchart/>
 
 In April 1981, a release from management confirmed that Yes had separated. Downes and Howe co-formed [[Asia (band)|Asia]], while Squire and White continued to write material which resulted in recording sessions with guitarist [[Jimmy Page]] for a proposed band called [[XYZ (UK band)|XYZ]], short for "ex-Yes-and-Zeppelin", along with singer [[Robert Plant]] who was also to be involved, but he lost enthusiasm citing his ongoing grieving for the then-recently deceased drummer [[John Bonham]]. The group produced a few demo tracks, elements of which would appear in Page's band [[The Firm]] and on the Yes tracks "[[Keys to Ascension 2|Mind Drive]]" and "[[Magnification (album)|Can You Imagine?]]".{{#tag:ref|Jimmy Page would perform "[[I'm Down]]" with Yes at Westfallenhalle in Dortmund in 1984.<ref>Welch, p. 216.</ref>|group="nb"}} In November 1981, the compilation album ''[[Classic Yes]]'' was released; it went on to reach Platinum certification in the US.<ref name=riaa/>
 
 ===''90125'' and ''Big Generator'' (1982–88)===
 In 1982, Squire and White teamed with South African guitarist, singer, and producer [[Trevor Rabin]] for a new group named [[Cinema (band)|Cinema]]. Rabin was introduced to Carson by producer [[Mutt Lange]], and subsequently brought his attention to Squire and White, who had continued to write together. Squire wanted to form a new band, which had Horn on lead vocals. It was during this time that Kaye was invited back, but he left after a month of rehearsing. Rabin commented that Kaye "is a great Hammond player which is fine as far as it goes but we were getting involved with Fairlight computers, the Synclavia and there was a whole area of technology that Tony didn't know enough about. It was a mutual parting really".<ref name=welch204>Welch, p. 204.</ref> Though he was replaced with [[Eddie Jobson]] for a short while, most of the keyboards on the new songs was by Rabin.<ref name=welch204/>
 
-By 1983, Carson claimed he used all the money he was given by Atlantic, including $150,000 of his own money, to fund the new album which had cost $300,000.<ref name=welch205>Welch, p. 205.</ref> He then met with Ertegun in Paris where he played a tape of the songs to him, which he liked and offered the money required to finish the album.<ref name=welch206>Welch, p. 206.</ref> It was during the record's mixing stage when Carson suggested to have Anderson sing on the album.<ref name=welch205/> Following what Horn described as "some terrible arguments",<ref>Welch, p. 207.</ref> Anderson returned in June 1983 to record the vocals. He could only contribute to the almost complete record by changing a few arrangements and rewriting some of the lyrics. By July 1983, the album was finished.{{#tag:ref|The 1983-88 lineup of Yes has sometimes been informally referred to as "Yes West", reflecting the band's new base in Los Angeles rather than London.|group="nb"}} Its name derived from its allocated catalogue number on [[Atco Records]], a division of Atlantic. It was originally assigned to the number "90104", but complications led to the album having "90125".<ref name=welch206/> Cinema was subsequently renamed Yes; Rabin initially objected to the change as he had now joined a reunited band rather than help launch a new one.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.scoremagacine.com/Entrevistas_eng_det.php?Codigo=19|title=Web dedicada a la Música de Cine y Bandas Sonoras|publisher=ScoreMagacine.com|date=22 September 2005|accessdate=4 August 2010}}</ref>
+By 1983, Carson claimed he used all the money he was given by Atlantic, including $150,000 of his own money, to fund the new album which had cost $300,000.<ref name=welch205>Welch, p. 205.</ref> He then met with Ertegun in Paris where he played a tape of the songs to him, which he liked and offered the money required to finish the album.<ref name=welch206>Welch, p. 206.</ref> By this time, Cinema required a change of name. Said Squire, "we got a letter from a lawyer in San Francisco saying a group there was already called Cinema ... Two weeks later, we got a letter like that from Iowa and then came one from Minneapolis. There was a fourth one, too, all threatening to sue."<ref>{{Cite news|title=Yes -- Things better for Yes the second time around|date=January 1984|newspaper=Asbury Park Press|first=Mary|last=Campbell|accessdate=27 January 2014}}</ref> It was during the record's mixing stage when Carson suggested to have Anderson sing on the album.<ref name=welch205/> Following what Horn described as "some terrible arguments",<ref>Welch, p. 207.</ref> Anderson returned in June 1983 to record the vocals. He could only contribute to the almost complete record by changing a few arrangements and rewriting some of the lyrics. By July 1983, the album was finished.{{#tag:ref|The 1983-88 lineup of Yes has sometimes been informally referred to as "Yes West", reflecting the band's new base in Los Angeles rather than London.|group="nb"}} Its name derived from its allocated catalogue number on [[Atco Records]], a division of Atlantic. It was originally assigned to the number "90104", but complications led to the album having "90125".<ref name=welch206/>
 
 {{listen
  |filename=Owner of a lonely heart-YES.ogg
  |title="Owner of a Lonely Heart" (1983)
  |description=Sample of "Owner of a Lonely Heart" from the album ''90125''. It is one of the band's best known songs that gained heavy radio airplay.
  |format=[[Ogg]]}}
 
 ''[[90125]]'' was released in November 1983. It became their biggest-selling album, selling over six million copies, and introduced the band to a younger generation of fans. "Owner of a Lonely Heart" [[List of number-one mainstream rock hits (United States)|topped]] the ''Billboard'' [[Hot Mainstream Rock Tracks]] chart for four weeks and the Hot 100 singles chart for two weeks.<ref name=allmusicsinglechart/> In 1984, the singles "Leave It" and "[[It Can Happen (Yes song)|It Can Happen]]" reached number 24 and 57 on the Hot 100 chart, respectively.<ref name=allmusicsinglechart/> The band's [[List of Yes concert tours#9012Live Tour|1984–85 world tour]] included two headline performances at the inaugural [[Rock in Rio#Rio de Janeiro|Rock in Rio]] festival on 17 and 20 January 1985. The tour spawned ''[[9012Live (video)|9012Live]]'', a concert film released in 1985 and directed by [[Steven Soderbergh]] with added special effects from [[Charlex]] that cost $1 million.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://pqasb.pqarchiver.com/boston/access/660003811.html?FMT=ABS&FMTS=ABS:FT&type=current&date=Feb+28%2C+1986&author=Steve+Morse%2C+Globe+Staff&pub=Boston+Globe+%28pre-1997+Fulltext%29&desc=GENESIS%3A+PART-TIME+SOLOISTS%2C+PART-TIME+BAND&pqatl=google|title=GENESIS: PART-TIME SOLOISTS, PART-TIME BAND|date=28 February 1986|first=Steve|last=Morse|accessdate=11 February 2012|newspaper=Boston Globe}}</ref>
 
 In 1985, Yes received a [[Grammy Award]] for [[Grammy Award for Best Rock Instrumental Performance|Best Rock Instrumental Performance]] in 1985 for their two-minute track "[[Cinema (Yes song)|Cinema]]".<ref>{{cite journal|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=7CQEAAAAMBAJ&pg=PT151&lpg=PT151&dq#v=onepage&q&f=false|title=27th Annual Grammy Awards Final Nominations|date=26 January 1985|accessdate=12 February 2011|volume=97|publisher=Nielsen Business Media, Inc.|page=78|work=Billboard |issn=0006-2510|issue=4}}</ref> They were also nominated for an award for [[Grammy Award for Best Pop Performance by a Duo or Group with Vocals|Best Pop Performance by a Duo or Group With Vocals]] with "Owner of a Lonely Heart", and a [[Grammy Award for Best Rock Performance by a Duo or Group with Vocal|Best Rock Performance by a Duo or Group with Vocal]] award with ''90125''.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://articles.chicagotribune.com/1985-02-22/entertainment/8501100896_1_terry-britten-vocal-purple-rain|title=And What's Your Line On The Winners?|date=22 February 1985|newspaper=The Chicago Tribune|accessdate=12 February 2012}}</ref> Yes' mini-LP released in 1985, ''[[9012Live: The Solos]]'', earned Yes a nomination for a second Grammy Award for Best Rock Instrumental Performance for Squire's solo track, a rendition of "[[Amazing Grace]]".<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.rockonthenet.com/archive/1987/grammys.htm|title=29th Grammy Awards – 1987|publisher=Rock on the Net|accessdate=12 February 2012}}</ref>
 
 Recording began for their twelfth album, ''[[Big Generator]]'', in 1986 and was problematic from the start. At Rabin's suggestion, the group relocated to Lark Studios in [[Carimate]], Italy as he felt people needed to "bond ... But it turned out there was too much partying going on and we didn't click" which led to Horn, after three months, pitching the idea of returning to London.<ref>Morse, p. 82</ref> Eventually Rabin took over final production. ''Big Generator'' was released in in September 1987 and reached number 15 in the US and number 17 in the UK.<ref name=allmusicalbumchart/> The single "[[Love Will Find a Way (Yes song)|Love Will Find a Way]]" topped the Hot 100 Mainstream Rock Tracks chart, while "[[Rhythm of Love (Yes song)|Rhythm of Love]]" reached number 2 and "[[Shoot High, Aim Low]]" number 11, respectively.<ref name=allmusicalbumchart/> In 1988, the album earned Yes a second nomination for Grammy Award for Best Rock Performance by a Duo or Group with Vocal.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://news.google.com/newspapers?id=CeslAAAAIBAJ&sjid=ZfwFAAAAIBAJ&pg=6885,4044707&dq|title=Irish rockers among Grammy nominees|date=15 January 1988|first=Larry|last=McShane|work=[[The Telegraph (Nashua)|The Telegraph]]|publisher=Telegraph Publishing Company}}</ref> The band subsequently toured for six months for their [[List of Yes concert tours#Big Generator Tour|1987–88 tour of North America and Japan]]. On 14 May 1988, Yes performed a five-song set as part of [[Atlantic Records 40th Anniversary|Atlantic Records' 40th anniversary]] concert at Madison Square Garden.
 
 ===Anderson Bruford Wakeman Howe, ''Union'', and ''Talk'' (1989–94)===
 Feeling increasingly sidelined by the band's commercial and pop-oriented direction, Anderson left Yes in September 1988. He explained, "It was purely down to not having fun".<ref>welch</ref> Rabin said he does not blame Anderson "for leaving because it got to the point where it was a little contrived and starting not to work".<ref>Morse, p. 83</ref> Anderson began work on a solo album that eventually involved Wakeman, Howe, and Bruford which led to the formation of [[Anderson Bruford Wakeman Howe]] in December 1988.<ref>welch</ref> Their [[Anderson Bruford Wakeman Howe (album)|same-titled album]] was released on 20 June 1989 on [[Arista Records]].
 
 Prior to their eight-month [[List of Yes concert tours#Anderson Bruford Wakeman Howe Tour|1989–90 world tour]], ABWH were subject to a lawsuit filed in May 1989 by Atlantic Records. The suit was based on a 1984 separation agreement entered into by each past and present member of Yes that specified who was entitled to use the Yes name. A "withdrawing partner" from the group was no longer to use the name, or mention that they were in the band after a specified date. The plaintiffs alleged that ABWH had "wrongfully converted" the Yes name in an advertisement published in ''[[The Los Angeles Times]]'' that promoted an ABWH concert as "an evening of Yes music plus...".<ref>welch</ref> The suit was thrown out by a judge, and ABWH toured which featured bassist [[Tony Levin]], keyboardist [[Julian Colbeck]], and guitarist [[Milton McDonald]] as additional musicians. It spawned the 1993 live album ''[[An Evening of Yes Music Plus]]''.
 
 Meanwhile, the ''90125'' line-up were looking for a new singer; they worked with [[Roger Hodgson]], [[Steve Walsh (musician)|Steve Walsh]],<ref name="innerviewsrabin2004"/> and [[Billy Sherwood]] to no success. Their situation changed in 1990 when ABWH started work on a second album with producer [[Jonathan Elias]]. Arista Records felt their material was too weak and needed a hit single, which led to Anderson calling Rabin for a song. Rabin sent three demos that he "wasn't going to use" and requested the unused tapes be returned. Said Rabin, "They chose all three songs and that led them to saying 'Why don't we put this whole comprehensive reunion thing together?'"<ref name=morse91>Morse, p. 91</ref> Parts of Wakeman and Howe's music are performed by Elias and session musician [[Jimmy Haun]], respectively. Wakeman recalled they both had other commitments during the album's production, "So a lot of our stuff was stuck in the computer ... that, sadly, gave the producer a lot more carte blanche than he should ever have had in editing what I'd done, even to the extent of changing what I had played, because it was so easy."<ref name=mor92/> Squire remembered Howe "got very annoyed" when he found out midway through the album's tour.<ref name=morse91/>
 
 ''[[Union (Yes album)|Union]]'' was released in April 1991 and peaked at number 7 in the UK and number 15 in the US.<ref name="allmusicalbumchart"/> In 1992, Howe's solo track "Masquerade" earned the band a nomination for a Grammy Award for Best Rock Instrumental Performance.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://community.seattletimes.nwsource.com/archive/?date=19920108&slug=1469119|title=Grammy Nominations Span Streisand, Seal, Seattle Symphony|date=8 January 1992|accessdate=12 February 2011|work=[[The Seattle Times]]|publisher=[[The Seattle Times Company]]}}</ref> Among the difficulties faced during the album's production, Howe thought the nomination was "pure justice".<ref name=morse91/> Two album spawned two singles; "[[Lift Me Up (Yes song)|Lift Me Up]]" topped the Mainstream Rock Tracks chart in May 1991 for six weeks, while "[[Saving My Heart]]" peaked at number 9.<ref name="allmusicsinglechart" /> The band's [[List of Yes concert tours#Union Tour|1991–92 tour]] featured the eight members on stage. Some concerts were performed in the round.
 
 Almost the entire band have openly-stated their dislike for ''Union''. Bruford described the album as "terrible ... absolutely awful, an embarrassing record."<ref name=mor92>Morse, p. 92</ref> Wakeman was reportedly unable to recognise any of his keyboards in the final edit and threw away his copy. Elias later stated publicly in an interview that Anderson, as the associate producer, knew of the session musicians' involvement. He added that he and Anderson had even initiated their contributions, because hostility between some of the band members at the time was preventing work from being accomplished.
 
 The idea for the band's fourteenth studio album ''[[Talk (Yes album)|Talk]]'' was conceived in 1992, when Carson approached Rabin about the idea of producing a Yes album with the ''90125'' line-up and Wakeman's involvement, for his independent record label Victory Music. Wakeman's involvement was cancelled as his refusal to leave his long-serving management created insuperable legal problems. Rabin explained his situation on writing songs with Anderson for ''Talk'':
 
 <blockquote>[On] ''Big Generator'', and consequently other stuff, I could feel the frustration in Jon that, although he was involved, it was basically me writing the songs and Jon trying to work on top of them. So when this project came up ... the best possible way is, if Jon's the singer, then I need to work real closely with him to provide him the best possible platform to sing on ... The two of us really worked hard as a team on it, which led to it being a better album for us.<ref name=morse98>Morse, p. 98</ref></blockquote>
 
 ''Talk'' was recorded at Rabin's Los Angeles home studio from November 1992 to July 1993. The album is one of the first to be digitally produced in its entirety; Rabin used four [[Apple Macintosh]] computers running the [[Digital Performer]] software and used 10 GB of hard disk storage. The album's cover was designed by [[pop art]]ist [[Peter Max]]. It blends elements of radio-friendly rock with a more structurally-ambitious approach taken from the band's progressive blueprint with the fifteen-minute track "[[Endless Dream]]". Released in March 1994, ''Talk'' was not a huge commercial success; it peaked at number 20 in the UK and number 33 in the US.<ref name="allmusicalbumchart" /> The track "[[The Calling (Yes song)|The Calling]]" reached number 2 on the ''Billboard'' [[Hot Mainstream Rock Tracks]] chart and "[[Walls (Yes song)|Walls]]", which Rabin had written with [[Roger Hodgson]], peaked at number 24.<ref name="allmusicsinglechart" />
 
 The [[List of Yes concert tours#Talk Tour|1994 tour of North America and Japan]] lasted from June to October and featured [[Billy Sherwood]] on additional guitar and keyboards. The tour included a performance of "Walls" on ''[[Late Show with David Letterman]]'' on 20 June. The tour allowed audiences seated in certain positions to hear the concert through headphones when they tuned a portable radio to a specific FM frequency, with a sound system co-developed by Rabin named Concertsonics. Following the tour's conclusion, Kaye and Rabin left Yes to pursue other projects.
 
 ===''Keys to Ascension'', ''Open Your Eyes'', and ''The Ladder'' (1995–2000)===
 In October 1995, Howe and Wakeman returned to the line-up. Yes then two new tracks, "Be the One" and "That, That Is". Following the recording, Yes performed three nights March 1996 at the Fremont Theater in [[San Luis Obispo]], California which were recorded and released, along with the new studio tracks, that October as ''[[Keys to Ascension]]'' on [[CMC International]] Records. The album peaked at number 48 in the UK and number 99 in the US.<ref name=allmusicalbumchart/> A same-titled [[Keys to Ascension (video)|live video]] of the shows was also released that year. Yes continued to record new tracks in the studio, drawing some material written around the time of the XYZ project. At one point the new songs were to be released as a studio album, but commercial considerations meant that the new tracks were eventually packaged with the remainder of the 1996 San Luis Obispo shows in November 1997 on ''[[Keys to Ascension 2]]''. The record managed to reach number 62 in the UK, but failed to chart in the US.<ref name=allmusicalbumchart/> Wakeman left the group following the album's release. He was disgruntled at the way a potential studio album had been sacrificed in favour of the ''Keys to Ascension'' releases, as well as how a Yes tour was being arranged without his input or agreement. The studio tracks from both albums was released as ''[[Keystudio]]'', in 2001.
 
 In 1997, Squire worked on [[Conspiracy (band)|Conspiracy]] with Sherwood and White. The two reworked existing Conspiracy demos for Yes's seventeenth studio album, ''[[Open Your Eyes (Yes album)|Open Your Eyes]]''. With Anderson and Howe less involved in the writing and production, the two expressed dissatisfaction about the situation. Sherwood's involvement led to him becoming a full-time member. The album marked the introduction of Russian keyboardist [[Igor Khoroshev]]. ''Open Your Eyes'' was released in November 1997 through Beyond Music. It was not a chart success; the record peaked at number 151 in the US<ref name=allmusicalbumchart/> and failed to chart in the UK. According to Sherwood, "the album sold about 200,000 copies and helped heighten the awareness of Yes in the nineties".<ref>Welch, p. 248.</ref> "[[Open Your Eyes (Yes song)|Open Your Eyes]]" was released as a single, and reached number 33 on the US Mainstream Rock chart.<ref name=allmusicsinglechart/> The band's [[List of Yes concert tours#Open Your Eyes and Thirtieth Anniversary Tour|1997–98 world tour]] celebrated their thirtieth anniversary.
 
 Khoroshev became a full-time member of Yes for their eighteenth studio album ''[[The Ladder]]'', released in September 1999. This would be the last project that record producer [[Bruce Fairbairn]] would work on before his untimely death. Many fans were reminded of the band's 1970s sound largely because of Khoroshev's classically oriented approach, though White also brought in world music influences with Latinesque arrangements, and with multi-instrumentalist [[Randy Raine-Reusch]] contributing to the album's textures. Sherwood's role continued to be limited to backup vocals and backup guitar. One of the album tracks, "Homeworld (The Ladder)", was written for Relic Entertainment's [[Homeworld]], a real-time strategy computer game and was used as the credits and outro theme. The band stated that they wrote the song not because the game's developers asked them but because they liked several aspects of the game itself. ''The Ladder'' peaked at number 36 in the UK and number 99 in the US.<ref name=allmusicalbumchart/>
 
 The performance at the [[House of Blues]] in [[Las Vegas Valley|Las Vegas]] on the [[List of Yes concert tours#The Ladder Tour|1999–2000 tour]] was filmed and recorded for the DVD and live album release, ''[[House of Yes: Live from House of Blues]]''. This would be the band's last work with Sherwood, who left the band after at the tour's conclusion in early 2000. That year, Yes embarked on the three-month [[List of Yes concert tours#Open Your Eyes and Thirtieth Anniversary Tour|Masterworks tour]] of the United States. Khoroshev left the band at its conclusion.
 
 ===''Magnification'', 35th anniversary tour, and hiatus (2001–08)===
 In 2001, Yes released their nineteenth studio album ''[[Magnification (album)|Magnification]]''. Recorded without a keyboardist, the album features a 60-piece orchestra conducted by [[Larry Groupé]]; the first time the band used an orchestra since ''Time and a Word'' in 1970. The record was not a chart success; it peaked at number 71 in the UK and number 186 in the US.<ref name=allmusicalbumchart/> Yes toured with a symphony orchestra in 2001 with keyboardist [[Tom Brislin]] as Wakeman was occupied with his solo tours. Their performance in [[Amsterdam]] was released on CD and DVD as ''[[Symphonic Live]]''.
 
 In April 2002, Yes announced the return of Wakeman to the band. This was followed by their [[List of Yes concert tours#Full Circle Tour|2002–03 world tour]] that included their first shows in Australia since 1973.<ref name=billboard03>{{cite journal|title=''Billboard'' Spotlight: Yes 35th Anniversary|url=http://books.google.com/?id=0REEAAAAMBAJ&printsec=frontcover#v=onepage&q&f=false|magazine=Billboard|date=1 November 2003|pages=45–46, 48–50, 55–59|accessdate=12 February 2012|author1=Nielsen Business Media|first1=Inc}}</ref> On 7 August 2002, [[John F. Street]], the mayor of Philadelphia, declared 8 August as "Yes Day" in celebration of the band selling out more concerts in the city than any other band.
 
 In 2003, [[Rhino Records|Rhino]] and [[Elektra Records]] began to reissue Yes studio albums in "expanded and remastered" editions. In July 2003, the triple compilation album, ''[[The Ultimate Yes: 35th Anniversary Collection]]'', was released in the UK that peaked at number 10 in the charts, their highest-charting album since ''Union'' in 1991. A North American edition was put out in January 2004 which included new acoustic recordings of "Roundabout" and "South Side of the Sky", an adaptation of [[Symphony No. 9 in E minor]] by [[Dvorak]] from Squire, a solo piece from Howe called "Australia", and "Show Me" written by Anderson. It peaked the US chart at number 131.
 
 On 26 January 2004, Yes performed a 40-minute live acoustic performance in Los Angeles that was transmitted to select theatres across the US via satellite. The performance followed a screening of their documentary ''[[Yesspeak]]'', recorded during their 2003 tour.<ref>{{Cite news|newspaper=Billboard|title=Billboard Bits: YES|first=Carla|last=Hay|date=14 January 2004}}</ref> ''[[Yes Acoustic: Guaranteed No Hiss]]'' was released that year. On 27 January, Yes played live on the ''[[Jim Ladd|Jim Ladd's Living Room]]'' radio show, followed by a live acoustic set at Tower Records in [[Sherman Oaks]], California the day after. On 3 February, Yes performed the acoustic version of "Roundabout" on ''[[The Late Late Show|The Late Late Show with Craig Kilborn]]''.
 
 Yes completed their six-month [[List of Yes concert tours#35th Anniversary Tour|2004 tour of North America]] with a stage set designed by Dean that cost $4 million.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Elaborate $4 million set plays an ultimate role in Yes tour|first=Gene|last=Stout|newspaper=Seattle Post-Intelligencer|date=9 April 2004}}</ref> Their show at the [[Tsongas Arena]] in [[Lowell, Massachusetts]] was recorded and released as ''[[Songs from Tsongas]]''.
 
 From September 2004, Yes were inactive for four years. The band were unable to continue touring because of Anderson's health issues who, unlike the other members, was not interested in producing a new studio album after the low sales of ''Magnification''. He claimed that recording one was not "logical any more," and no announcement was made regarding a release of the new material.<ref>{{cite web|author=Up for Discussion Jump to Forums |url=http://www.billboard.com/bbcom/news/article_display.jsp?vnu_content_id=1003797391 |title=Yes Reveals 'Very Different' New Material |work=Billboard  |accessdate =4 August 2010}}</ref> A 40th anniversary Close to the Edge and Back tour was scheduled to begin in 2008 that was to feature [[Oliver Wakeman]] on keyboards, as his father was advised by his doctors not to tour. Anderson claimed that the band rehearsed four new "lengthy, multi-movement compositions" for the tour that was suddenly cancelled in May 2008 after he suffered an asthma attack and diagnosed with acute respiratory failure. Anderson said he "just needed a break, but the guys were upset about that."<ref name="rollingstone.com">{{cite web|url=http://www.rollingstone.com/music/news/ex-yes-frontman-jon-anderson-opens-up-about-getting-fired-20110706|title=Ex-Yes Frontman Jon Anderson Opens Up About Getting Fired|publisher=Rolling Stone Music (www.rollingstone.com)|accessdate=12 August 2011}}</ref>
 
 ===Touring, ''Fly from Here'', and new album (2008–)===
 In 2008, Anderson was replaced by [[Benoît David]], a Canadian singer of [[Mystery (band)|Mystery]] and the Yes tribute band Close to the Edge. Anderson felt "disappointed" and "disrespected" by Yes's decision to tour without him and by the lack of contact with the other members since his illness.{{when|date=June 2012}} Anderson delayed Yes from doing any touring due to respiratory issues. In 2008, after four years, the remainder of Yes became tired of waiting and brought David with them in lieu of Anderson, with [[Oliver Wakeman]] on keyboards. Yes subsequently completed their [[List of Yes concert tours#In the Present Tour|2008–10 in the Present Tour]], with Asia and Peter Frampton supporting the band on certain legs. A number of dates in 2009 were cancelled as Squire required emergency leg surgery plus recovery time.<ref name="tour dates cancelled">{{cite web | url = http://www.musicnewsnet.com/2009/02/prog-rockers-yes-cancel-slate-of-gigs.html| title = Prog Rockers YES Cancel Slate of Gigs | first = Mal | last = Westerly |publisher=MusicNewsNet.com  | date = 12 February 2009 | accessdate =13 February 2009}}</ref> 2011 saw the release of the live album and DVD, ''[[In the Present – Live from Lyon]]''.
 
 In August 2010, it was announced that new material had been written for ''[[Fly from Here]]'', Yes's twentieth studio album.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://newsok.com/article/3472712#di...#ixzz0sjPwC9ZP |title=Yes, Peter Frampton performing at Lucky Star Casino in Oklahoma |publisher=NewsOK.com |accessdate =4 August 2010}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.digitaljournal.com/article/276493 |title=DigitalJournal.com |publisher=DigitalJournal.com |accessdate =4 August 2010}}</ref> Howe dispelled rumours that Anderson was invited back to sing on the record, asserting that all studio recording was to be carried out by "the line-up that actually...does the work."<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.premierguitar.com/Magazine/Issue/2010/Aug/Interview_Steve_Howe_on_Asias_Omega_Touring_With_Yes_and_the_Steve_Howe_Trio.aspx?Page=2 |title=Interview: Steve Howe on Asia's "Omega," Touring With Yes, and the Steve Howe Trio |publisher=Premier Guitar |accessdate =4 August 2010}}</ref> Yes signed a deal with [[Frontiers Records]] and began recording in Los Angeles with Trevor Horn serving as producer. During the recording sessions, Wakeman was replaced by the returning Geoff Downes. Upon completion of recording in March 2011,<ref name="bradenton.com">{{cite web|url=http://www.bradenton.com/2011/03/10/3020865/yes-squire-on-bands-first-album.html |title=Yes' Squire on band's first album in a decade |publisher=Bradenton.com |date=4 March 2011 |accessdate =13 March 2011}}</ref> and post-production a month later,<ref name="theweekender.com">{{cite web|url=http://www.theweekender.com/music/Affirmative_action_03-22-2011.html|title=Affirmative action|first=Nikki M.|last=Mascali|publisher=theweekender.com|accessdate=12 August 2011}}</ref> the album was released worldwide that July.<ref name="Buzz Worthy">{{cite web|url=http://heraldbuzzworthy.blogspot.com/2011/03/new-yes-album-fly-from-here-ready-for.html |title=Buzz Worthy: New Yes album 'Fly From Here' ready for release |publisher=Buzz Worthy |accessdate =4 March 2011}}</ref> ''Fly from Here'' peaked at number 30 in the UK and 36 in the US.<ref name=allmusicalbumchart/>
 
 [[File:Jon Davison - 24 de Maio de 2013.JPG|thumb|In February 2012, David was replaced by singer Jon Davison (pictured).]]
 In March 2011, Yes embarked on their [[List of Yes concert tours#Rite of Spring and Fly From Here Tours 2011-2012|2011–12 world tour]] to supoort ''Fly from Here'',<ref>[http://www.expressandstar.com/entertainment/2011/11/12/concert-review-yes-at-birmingham-symphony-hall/ Concert review: Yes at Birmingham Symphony Hall], ''Express & Star'', 12 November 2011</ref> with [[Styx (band)|Styx]] and [[Procol Harum]] supporting select dates. In February 2012, David was replaced by [[Glass Hammer]] singer [[Jon Davison]] after contracting a respiratory illness. Davison was recommended to Squire by their common friend [[Taylor Hawkins]], drummer for the [[Foo Fighters]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.noise11.com/news/exclusive-yes-recruit-another-new-singer-20120208|title=EXCLUSIVE: Yes Recruit Another New Singer|publisher=Noise11|accessdate=8 February 2012|first=Paul|last=Cashmere|date=8 February 2012}}</ref>
 
 In March 2013, Yes began their [[List of Yes concert tours#Three Albums Tour 2013-2014|2013–14 world tour]] where they perform ''The Yes Album'', ''Close to the Edge'' and ''Going for the One'' in their entirety.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.yesworld.com/20121210-tourpromo.aspx |title=www.yesworld.com / Press Release "Rock Legends, Yes, Present Triple-Header 2013 Tour" – Los Angeles, California – December 10, 2012 |publisher=Yesworld.com |date=10 December 2012 |accessdate=14 March 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.progrockmag.com/news/steve-howe-wanted-3-album-yes-tour-for-years/ |title=Steve Howe Wanted 3-Album Yes Tour For Years |author=Martin Kielty  |publisher=Progrockmag.com |date=18 December 2012 |accessdate=14 March 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.guitarworld.com/yes-revisit-three-classic-albums-2013-north-american-tour|title=Yes to Revisit Three Classic Albums on 2013 North American Tour|publisher=GuitarWorld|date=10 December 2012|accessdate=12 December 2012|first=Damian|last=Fanelli}}</ref> During the first North American leg, they led a progressive-rock themed cruise titled "Cruise to the Edge".<ref>[http://www.yesworld.com/ YesWorld], accessed 17 June 2013</ref> A second cruise is scheduled for April 2014.
 
 In August 2013, the fan campaign Voices for Yes<ref>[http://www.voicesforyes.com/ Voices for Yes site & petition]</ref> was launched to get the band into the [[Rock and Roll Hall of Fame]].<ref>"The Daily Rundown with Chuck Todd", MSNBC, 5 August 2013</ref><ref>http://www.npr.org/2013/08/08/210083061/republicans-and-democrats-get-behind-voices-for-yes</ref> The campaign was headed by two US political operators: [[John Brabender]], senior media strategist for Republican [[Rick Santorum]]'s 2012 US presidential campaign, and [[Tad Devine]], who worked on Democrats [[John Kerry]]'s 2004 presidential campaign and [[Al Gore]]'s 2000 campaign.<ref>[http://politicalticker.blogs.cnn.com/2013/08/06/rock-roll-a-bipartisan-push-for-yes/ Rock and Roll: A bipartisan push for 'Yes'], by Bryan Koenig, CNN Politics, 6 August 2013</ref><ref>[http://www.slate.com/blogs/weigel/2013/08/06/gop_and_dem_consultants_unite_to_get_yes_into_the_rock_and_roll_hall_of.html GOP and Dem Consultants Unite to Get Yes Into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame], by [[David Weigel]], ''Slate'', 6 August 2013</ref><ref>http://www.washingtonpost.com/lifestyle/magazine/political-strategists-form-bipartisan-campaign-to-get-yes-into-rock-and-roll-hall-of-fame/2013/12/05/a7cb1170-465d-11e3-a196-3544a03c2351_story.html</ref> Also involved were former NBC president [[Steve Capus]] and former Director of the [[White House Office of Political Affairs]] [[Sara Taylor]]. A documentary about the campaign is in production.<ref>[http://www.marketwatch.com/story/republicans-and-democrats-agree-progressive-rock-band-yes-should-be-inducted-into-the-rock-and-roll-hall-of-fame-2013-08-07 Republicans And Democrats Agree Progressive Rock Band "Yes" Should Be Inducted Into The Rock And Roll Hall Of Fame] press release, 7 August 2013</ref> On 16 October 2013, Yes failed to be inducted.<ref>[http://www.rollingstone.com/music/news/nirvana-kiss-hall-and-oates-nominated-for-rock-and-roll-hall-of-fame-20131016 "Nirvana, Kiss, Hall and Oates Nominated for Rock and Roll Hall of Fame"]. ''Rolling Stone''. 16 October 2013. Retrieved 16 October 2013.</ref>
 
 In 2013, the band expressed wishes to record a new album.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.billboard.com/articles/news/1481629/yes-putting-new-singer-to-work-on-21st-studio-album |title=Yes Putting New Singer to Work on 21st Studio Album |work=Billboard |date=2 January 2013 |accessdate=14 March 2013}}</ref><ref>http://www.billboard.com/articles/news/512936/yes-bassist-chris-squire-preps-collaboration-with-genesis-hackett</ref> In an interview published January 2014, Davison announced that [[Roy Thomas Baker]] will serve as producer.<ref>[http://www.lordsofmetal.nl/nl/interviews/view/id/4957]</ref>
 
 ==Concert tours==
 {{Main|List of Yes concert tours}}
 
 ==Discography==
 {{Main|Yes discography}}
 
 {{col-begin}}
 {{col-2}}
 ;Studio albums
 *''[[Yes (Yes album)|Yes]]'' (1969)
 *''[[Time and a Word]]'' (1970)
 *''[[The Yes Album]]'' (1971)
 *''[[Fragile (Yes album)|Fragile]]'' (1971)
 *''[[Close to the Edge (Yes album)|Close to the Edge]]'' (1972)
 *''[[Tales from Topographic Oceans]]'' (1973)
 *''[[Relayer]]'' (1974)
 *''[[Going for the One]]'' (1977)
 *''[[Tormato]]'' (1978)
 *''[[Drama (Yes album)|Drama]]'' (1980)
 *''[[90125]]'' (1983)
 *''[[Big Generator]]'' (1987)
 *''[[Union (Yes album)|Union]]'' (1991)
 *''[[Talk (Yes album)|Talk]]'' (1994)
 *''[[Keys to Ascension]]'' (1996)
 *''[[Keys to Ascension 2]]'' (1997)
 *''[[Open Your Eyes (Yes album)|Open Your Eyes]]'' (1997)
 *''[[The Ladder]]'' (1999)
 *''[[Magnification (album)|Magnification]]'' (2001)
 *''[[Fly from Here]]'' (2011)
 *''TBA'' (2014)
 {{col-2}}
 ;Live albums
 *''[[Yessongs]]'' (1973)
 *''[[Yesshows]]'' (1980)
 *''[[9012Live: The Solos]]'' (1985)
 *''Keys to Ascension'' (1996)
 *''[[Something's Coming: The BBC Recordings 1969-1970]]'' (1997)
 *''Keys to Ascension 2'' (1997)
 *''[[House of Yes: Live from House of Blues]]'' (2000)
 *''[[The Word Is Live]]'' (2005)
 *''[[Live at Montreux 2003]]'' (2007)
 *''[[Symphonic Live]]'' (2009)
 *''[[Union Live]]'' (2011)
 *''[[In the Present – Live from Lyon]]'' (2011)
 </br>
 ;Anderson Bruford Wakeman Howe
 ''{{details|Anderson Bruford Wakeman Howe|their relationship with Yes}}''
 *''[[Anderson Bruford Wakeman Howe (album)|Anderson Bruford Wakeman Howe]]'' (1989)
 *''[[An Evening of Yes Music Plus]]'' (1993)
 *''Live at the NEC'' (2012)
 {{col-end}}
 
 == Band members ==
 {{Mainlist|List of Yes band members}}
 
 ;Current members
 *[[Chris Squire]]&nbsp;– bass, vocals <small>(1968–1981, 1982–2004, 2008–present)</small>
 *[[Steve Howe (musician)|Steve Howe]]&nbsp;– guitars, vocals <small>(1970–1981, 1990–1992, 1995–2004, 2008–present)</small>
 *[[Alan White (Yes drummer)|Alan White]]&nbsp;– drums, percussion, backing vocals <small>(1972–1981, 1982–2004, 2008–present)</small>
 *[[Geoff Downes]]&nbsp;– keyboards <small>(1980–1981, 2011–present)</small>
 *[[Jon Davison]]&nbsp;– lead vocals, guitar <small>(2012–present)</small>
 
 ==Notes and references==
 ;Notes
 {{Reflist|group="nb"|2}}
 
 ;Citations
 {{Reflist|3}}
 
 ;Sources
 *{{cite book|last=Bruford|first=Bill|title=Bill Bruford: The Autobiography: Yes, King Crimson, Earthworks, and More|authorlink=Bill Bruford||publisher=Jawbone Publishing|isbn=978-1-906002-23-7|year=2009}}
 *{{Cite book|last=Kirkman|first=John|title=Time and a Word: The Yes Interviews|publisher=Rufus Stone|year=2013}}
 *{{Cite book|last=Welch|first=Chris|title=Close to the Edge – The Story of Yes|publisher=Omnibus Press|isbn=978-1-84772-132-7|year=2008}}
 *{{Cite book|last=Wooding|first=Dan|title=Rick Wakeman: The Caped Crusader|publisher=Granada Publishing Limited|ISBN=978-0-7091-6487-6|year=1978}}
 
 ==External links==
 {{Commons category|Yes}}
 {{Spoken Wikipedia|Yes_(band).ogg|2011-04-16}}
 
 *Official website at [http://www.yesworld.com/ YesWorld]
 *{{Twitter|yesofficial}}
 *{{Facebook|yestheband}}
 *Official [http://www.youtube.com/user/yesllc YouTube account]
 
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