#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
int main() {
    int t;
    cin>>t;
    while(t--){
        int a, b;
        cin>>a>>b;
       int  count = 0;
        for(int i = a; i <= b; i++){
            while(i)
            {
                i &= (i - 1);
                count++;
            }
        }
        cout<<count<<endl;
    }
    return 0;
}