gmalivuk

2015-11-25 Grammar: forward-pointing that/those

Nov 25th, 2015
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  1. Greg Malivuk
  2. http://www.pastebin.com/u/gmalivuk
  3. ---
  4. Homework: p. 339 exercise 3
  5. 1 that (or “this”, if I feel like the situation directly involves me)
  6. 2 it
  7. 3 It (the whole situation) / That (spending Saturday in the office)
  8. 4 That
  9. 5 This / That
  10. 6 that
  11. 7 it
  12. 8 it
  13. 9 It
  14. 10 That (if the mess hasn’t happened yet) / This (if there’s a mess already)
  15. 11 that
  16. 12 This / That
  17. ---
  18. p. 340 Focus 4
  19.  
  20. forward-pointing reference = reference to something that I haven’t mentioned yet
  21. backward-pointing reference = reference to something that I already mentioned
  22.  
  23. We use that/those with forward-pointing reference in adjective clauses and adjective phrases (with participles or prepositions).
  24.  
  25. Those who are sitting in the back need to pay attention. - adjective clause
  26. Those sitting in the back need to pay attention. - adjective participial phrase
  27. Those in the back need to pay attention. - adjective prepositional phrase
  28.  
  29. p. 337 exercise 2 number 7
  30. those which are found in vinegar (relative clause)
  31. those found in vinegar (participle phrase)
  32. those in vinegar (prepositional phrase)
  33.  
  34. That which doesn’t kill us makes us stronger. (relative clause)
  35. Compare your paragraph to that which is (found) in the book. (relative clause)
  36. Compare your paragraph to that found in the book. (participle phrase)
  37. Compare your paragraph to that in the book. (prepositional phrase)
  38. ---
  39. Homework: p. 340 exercise 4
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