2014-11-03 Evening: conditionals

Greg Malivuk
[email protected]
http://www.pastebin.com/u/gmalivuk
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When we bought the house I assumed the scratches on the inside of the basement door were from a dog, but this morning there were more of them.

- If this happened to you, what would you do?
(unreal conditional: I don't expect that this will really happen)

- If this happens to you, what will you do?
(real conditional: I believe this might happen)
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Factual conditionals = present real & past real (sometimes "0th conditional")

If you are over 21, you can buy alcohol in the United States.
if + [present]    ,     [present]

If it rained, I would always drive to school. (habitual past action)
If you were born in 1980, then you turned 30 in 2010. (past facts)]
If I was in your class, why didn't you say hello?
if + [simple past]    ,    [simple past]
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Predictive conditionals = future real = 1st conditional

If I win the lottery, I will buy a car. (in my mind this is a real possibility)
if + [present]      , [future]

we (usually) DON'T use future tense in the if-clause
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Unreal conditionals
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hypothetical conditionals = present/future unreal = 2nd conditional

I never buy lottery tickets, but if I won the lottery, I'd buy a house.
(this is not actually a possible situation, since I never buy tickets)

If I bought a lottery ticket, I might win.
if + [past without "was"]   ,   might
				could + base form
				would
(= instead of "was", use "were" for all subjects)
If I were rich, I would buy a car.
If he were a better student, he could be in a higher level.
If she were here right now, she would tell you to stop.
If it were raining, I would be very uncomfortable.
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counterfactual conditionals = past unreal = 3rd conditional

If you had studied more, you would have passed the test.
= really, you didn't study, so you didn't pass the test
if + [past perfect]    ,     would have
			     could have + past participle
			     might have

If you'd studied more, you'd have passed the test.
   = you had           = you would
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If I studied enough,    I always passed my tests. (past real / past factual)
If I study   enough,    I always pass   my tests. (present real / factual)
(in most factual conditionals, we often use "when" instead of "if")
If I study   enough,    I  will  pass   my test. (future real / predictive)

If I had studied more,  I would have passed my test. (past unreal / counterfactual)
If I   studied   more,  I would pass more tests. (present unreal)
If I  studied tonight,  I would pass my test tomorrow. (future unreal)
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Mixed Conditionals:

If he was born in 1980, he is 34 now or he will turn 34 in the next 2 months.
(past real condition + present/future real result)
If you're 25 now, then you were born in 1988 or 1989.
(present real condition + past real "result")

If I had studied more in high school, I might be a doctor by now.
(past unreal condition + present unreal result)
= I didn't study more, so now I'm not a doctor.

If I were a better student, I would have studied instead of going out yesterday.
(present unreal condition + past unreal result)
= I am not a better student, so I didn't study, I went out.
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Homework: handout p. 186-187, exercises 6, 7, 8