2017-01-14 Saturday: 8 Weird news

Greg Malivuk
[email protected]
http://www.pastebin.com/u/gmalivuk
“2017-01-14 Saturday: 8 Weird news”
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Homework: Write a short article about the neighborhood where you live now, trying to promote it for people who might live there.
	Also: read about Amelia Earhart on p. 99 and do parts 2, 3, and 4 on p. 98
p. 98 part 2
1 The second one - she crashed on Nikumaroro island
2 DNA testing
3 It will prove that Earhart died on Nikumaroro.
part 3
1 His family is partially funding the project, and his grandparents wrote a book about Earhart.
2 There is no known sample of her hair. (The one they thought might be hair was a thread.)
3 They need a reasonable amount of DNA to prove anything, because all human DNA is 99% identical.
part 4
1 funding
2 reveal
3 archive
4 ensure
5 assumption
6 profile
7 identical
8 log
insure = to protect something with insurance
correspondence = written communication in the form of letters
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p. 93 - Do you think this picture is real?
part 2 - With your partner, identify what each bold pronoun refers to.
1 the flamingos
2 the shape they’re making
3 interesting patterns or shapes in nature / photos that might be fake
4 the photo
5 the photographer
6 the flamingos
part 3 - Do you know how to recognize if any of these things are fake? Have you been tricked by anything fake?
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If a word ends in -graph, “graph” has secondary stress and the syllable two before that gets primary stress. - photograph, homograph, autograph
If it ends in -graphy or -grapher, the last syllable has secondary stress and the one immediately before has the primary stress. - photography/er, biography/er, geography/er, stratigraphy/er
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p. 94 - What are the things in the pictures?
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Vocabulary: the natural world
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part 2 - Complete these sentences with words from the box.
1 Nitrogen, oxygen, atmosphere
2 butterflies, flies, insects
3 Radiation
4 Ants, beetles
5 stem
6 Particles
7 Predators, species
8 spikes
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Use a dictionary, not a translator. One of the best for American English is https://www.merriam-webster.com/ (they also have free phone apps)
(A simple Google image search can be helpful for many words, but can cause problems if a word means something else. For example, “STEM” is an acronym that means science, technology, engineering, and mathematics. This meaning is more common online, so most of the pictures you find aren’t related to plant stems.)
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p. 94 part 4 - Listen and decide if each statement is true or false.
1 F
2 T
3 T
4 T
5 F
6 T
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Grammar: modal verbs for speculation and deduction about the present
p. 95 part 6 - What do the modals mean in these sentences?
1 They can’t be natural. - I think it’s impossible that they are natural.
2 They must be man-made. - I’m pretty certain that they are man-made.
3 This might be a painting or a work of art. - It’s possible that it’s a painting or a work of art.
4 It may not seem logical. - It’s possible that it’s not logical.
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Why isn’t he at work today?
He must be sick.
He must not be feeling well.
	= I’m pretty certain he is sick. This is the only reasonable explanation I can think of.
He may/might/could be sick.
He may/might not be feeling well.
	= I think it’s possible he is sick. This is one explanation out of many.
He can’t/couldn’t be sick.
	= I think it’s impossible that he is sick. He is always very healthy so I can’t believe he’s sick now.
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p. 95 part 8 - cross out the options that don’t make sense in the article (sometimes both of them make sense)
1 must be / can’t be
2 (both correct)
3 (both correct)
4 can’t mean / could mean
5 may be / can’t be
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BREAK
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I’m studying hard. = I’m putting a lot of work into my studies, and I spend several hours every day.
I’m hardly studying. = I’m putting almost no work into my studies, and I spend only a few minutes a week.
“Working hard, or hardly working?”
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Vocabulary: history
p. 96 part 1 - Complete the sentences with words from the box. Then ask your partner the questions.
1 ancient / sacred
2 period / society / tradition
3 prehistoric
4 century
5 sacred
6 society
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/s/, /z/, /t/, /d/ often change to ‘sh’ or ‘j’ sounds if the next sound would be like ‘y’
graduate, future, picture, vision, nation, sure, sugar, species, ancient, century
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There are many noun/verb pairs in English where the verb has a voiced sound at the end and the noun is voiceless.
noun/verb
belief/believe
life/live
bath/bathe
breath/breathe
use/use (the pronunciation changes from /s/ to /z/ but the spelling doesn’t change)
house/house
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http://www.dailymail.co.uk/sciencetech/article-3537828/Has-puzzle-Nazca-holes-solved-Ancient-spirals-Peruvian-desert-sophisticated-irrigation-system.html
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Read about the Nazca lines.
Which sentences are about possible explanations for the lines?
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Water must have had an incredible significance to these societies, so perhaps the lines were related to it.
Other people thought they might have been ancient Inca roads or irrigation systems.
They could have been landing strips for alien spacecraft.
The lines must have been part of an astronomical calendar.
The Nazca lines may have been part of a long tradition…
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Other speculations and deductions about the past:
The same group of people can’t have created them.
This must have seemed an astonishing, even sacred, phenomenon to ancient societies.
The Nazca people...couldn’t have seen them from above.
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Grammar: modals for speculations and deductions about the past
	modal + base form - about the present
	modal + have + past participle - about the past
Why wasn’t he at work yesterday?
He must have been sick.
He must not have been feeling well.
	= I’m pretty certain he was sick. This is the only reasonable explanation I can think of.
He may/might/could have been sick.
He may/might not have been feeling well.
	= I think it’s possible he was sick. This is one explanation out of many.
He can’t/couldn’t have been sick.
	= I think it’s impossible that he was sick. He is always very healthy so I can’t believe he was sick yesterday.
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p. 97 part 8 - Rewrite these sentences to have the same meaning, but use the correct choice of modal in parentheses.
1 Water can’t have been easy to find.
2 The rivers might have dried up.
3 The lines must have been very important. (“no doubt” means I’m very certain about this)
4 The lines may have had a religious significance.
  (The lines may have been religiously significant.)
5 The animal drawings couldn’t have been roads.
6 The animals must have lived in the region.
7 The Nazca people could have used simple tools.
8 People must have maintained the lines carefully.
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Handout - With your group, speculate about how these objects might have been used. Use the grammar from this lesson.
	“This might have been a footstool.” / “People might have used this as a footstool.”
	“People might have used this to cut food.” / “This might have been used to cut food.”
	“That can’t have been comfortable to wear.”
1 pillow
2 brooch
3 razor and mirror
4 snow goggles (to protect their eyes from light and snow)
5 map
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p. 95 part 9 - “look” - Choose the correct option to complete each sentence.
1 The sky looks as though it’s on fire.
2 The sky looks green.
3 The shiny drops look like water.
4 Look carefully.
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[non-action] as though + sentence
[non-action] + adjective
[non-action] like + noun (“like” can be followed by a sentence in informal English)
[action] + adverb

Similar non-action verbs: sound, smell, taste, feel, seem
Similar action verbs: watch, listen, smell/sniff, taste, feel/touch
part 10 - Complete the sentences with expressions with “look”.
1 look
2 looks like
3 looks as though (or “looks like”, informally)
4 look
5 look as though (or “look like”)
6 look
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“see” and “hear” are the things you do without paying attention
“look”, “watch”, and “listen” include focus and attention
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You look at something in order to see its appearance.
You watch something in order to see what happens.
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Homework: 7-8 test