2018-03-24 Saturday: 11 Connections

Greg Malivuk
[email protected]
http://www.pastebin.com/u/gmalivuk
“2018-03-24 Saturday: 11 Connections”
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Homework: 9-10 test
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p. 129 - What is going on in the picture? What is he interviewing her about?
Why are there quotation marks around “discovered”?
Where might other languages exist that linguists haven’t “discovered” yet?
(In linguistics, if two people don’t understand each other, they don’t speak different dialects, they speak different languages.)
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part 2 - Work with your partner to complete these sentences in two ways. If you can, make the sentence true for you.
1 I get the headlines on my cell phone, so I read them every day.
	so I don’t have to buy the newspaper every day.
2 I don’t read the paper. It’s too hard to read English.
	It’s too big and inconvenient.
	It’s too boring.
3 I don’t believe everything I read because there’s always more than one theory.
	because sometimes it’s just an opinion.
4 I turn straight to the sports pages even though my country is terrible at sports.
	even though I don’t really like sports.
	even though I’m also interested in other news.
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“even” tells you something is surprising:
We ate outside even though it was raining. (The rain didn’t stop us.)
We will eat outside even if it is raining. (The rain, if it happens, won’t stop us.)
We eat outside even when it’s raining. (The rain doesn’t stop us.)

It’s so easy, even a child could do it. (Everyone can do it, including a child.)
It’s so hard, even a genius couldn’t do it. (No one can do it, including a genius.)
Even Greg could do it. = I’m not very good at things, but it is easy so even I could do it.
Even Greg couldn’t do it. = I’m usually very good at things, but it is difficult so I couldn’t do it.

Even Greg can speak Spanish. = Spanish is easy, so even dumb Greg can speak it.
Greg can even speak Spanish. = Greg speaks more than one language, including Spanish (which is difficult).
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Ireland and Iceland are islands, but they all sound different.
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p. 130 - Why are there quotation marks around “uncontacted”?
Read the article.
Do you know the expression, “A picture is worth a thousand words”?
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footage = video (from a time when video was recorded on film measured by the foot)
provoke = cause a reaction
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part 2 - What did these organizations do in the story? What role did they play?
1 Funai released photos of an “uncontacted” tribe.
2 Survival International said that the photos were genuine.
3 The Peruvian government first said the photos were a strategy by people opposed to development. Then later they agreed to work with Brazilian authorities to stop illegal logging.
4 The BBC made a documentary.
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Grammar: Reported Speech = indirect speech
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direct/quoted speech: John said, “Greg is a terrible teacher.”
indirect/reported speech: John said (that) I was a terrible teacher. (I am Greg.)
quoted: John said, “I will be absent tomorrow.”
reported: John said (that) he would be absent the next day.
quoted: John said, “I don’t like the students in Greg’s class.”
reported: John said (that) he didn’t like you. (If I’m reporting to you what he said.)
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In reported speech, the specific words someone said aren’t important. The information is important.
Usually, we report things someone said in the past, so verbs change in a regular way:
present verbs (simple/continuous/perfect) -> past verbs (simple/continuous/perfect)
	“I am sick.” -> (that) he was sick
	“It is raining.” -> (that) it was raining
	“I have been here for two hours.” -> (that) he had been there for two hours
	“I have been waiting.” -> (that) he had been waiting
will/can/may -> would/could/might
	“I will be absent.” -> (that) he would be absent
past (simple or continuous) -> past perfect (simple or continuous)
	“I was sick.” -> (that) he had been sick
	“It was raining.” -> (that) it had been raining
past perfect -> past perfect
would/could/might -> would/could/might (have - if it’s conditional in the distant past)
	George Washington said, “If you asked me to be your king, I would refuse.”
	-> Washington said that if they had asked him to be their king, he would have refused.
	Laura said, “If I were rich, I would travel.” -> Laura said that if she were rich, she would travel.
		(This conditional is probably still true, and Laura is still alive to believe it.)
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Three different tenses are past perfect in reported speech:
He said, “I have been sick.” -> He said he had been sick.
He said, “I was sick.” -> He said he had been sick.
He said, “I had been sick.” -> He said he had been sick.
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Reported information questions use the same question word, but not question word-order:
He asked, “Where is the bank?” -> He asked where the bank was.
She asked, “How old are you?” -> She asked how old I was.
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Reported yes/no questions use “if” or “whether”:
He asked, “Is it going to rain?” -> He asked if it was going to rain.
She asked, “Were you sick yesterday?” -> She asked whether I had been sick the day before.
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p. 131 part 8 - With your partner, decide who probably said these things, and change them to reported speech.
1 A Funai spokesperson said (that) they had taken the photos to show that these people existed.
2 An anonymous poster asked how many tribes like this there were.
3 A language expert said (that) the term “uncontacted” was more of a media word than a scientific term.
4 An anonymous poster asked if/whether unseen tribes existed.
5 A Peruvian government official said (that) there was no evidence (that) they existed.
6 A Funai spokesperson said (that) if we (everyone)/they (Funai) didn’t save these tribes, this would happen to all of us (everyone).
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“if” and “whether” have the same meaning in reported speech (and noun clauses in general), but in some cases you can use only “whether”:
Whether unseen tribes existed was a question many people asked. (no “if” for subjects)
He asked whether he would travel if he were rich. (Shouldn’t use “if” if it’s also a conditional.)
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BREAK
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p. 132 part 1&2 - Complete the sentences with words from the box, then ask your partner these questions.
1 Twitter
2 texting
3 Flickr
4 broadband
5 Skype
6 blog
tech-savvy = knowledgeable enough about technology that you can usually figure out new things you don’t already know (such as how to upload a photo to Flickr)
broadband = a high-speed connection to the Internet
WiFi = a wireless connection to the router
blog = web + log
vlog = video + blog
ebook = electronic book (For me, this is the electronic file that has the words on it. If you use a Kindle tablet or something, that’s an ebook reader.)
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part 3 - From these headlines, what do you think each story will be about?
UFO = Unidentified Flying Object (usually people talk about them as if they’re all alien spacecraft)
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p. 133 part 5 - Listen to the conversations and choose the correct option to complete each sentence.
1 The journalist asks her Twitter followers to suggest things to do.
2 The blog reminds readers not to use telescopes.
3 The company told people not to show up for work.
4 The politician has invited aliens to meet him.
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To report statements: optional “that”
To report yes/no questions: if/whether
To report information question: same question word
To report commands, requests, and offers: infinitive
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Grammar: other reporting verbs
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ask/tell/remind/invite + [listener] + infinitive = the listener does the action
	I asked her to close the door. (“Could you please close the door?”)
	I told her to close the door. (“Close the door.”)
	I reminded her to close the door. (“Remember that you need to close the door.”)
	I invited her to close the door. (“You can close the door if you want to.”)
ask/promise/offer + infinitive = the speaker does the action
	I asked to close the door. (“Can I close the door?”)
	I promised to close the door. (“Don’t worry, I’ll close the door.”)
	I offered to close the door. (“if you want me to.”)
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p. 133 part 11 - Report these with the above reporting verbs and infinitives.
1 Marta reminded Amy to turn off her cell phone.
2 Jose asked Marta to set up his email.
3 Amy invited Jose to come and watch the movie on their new flatscreen TV.
4 Marta told Amy to plug in the battery charger first.
5 Jose offered to upload those photos to the computer for Marta.
6 Amy promised to turn it off when she was done.
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I offered her some money. (You can offer someone something.)
I offered to pay. (You can offer to do something.)
*I offered her to pay. (You can’t offer someone to do something.

I promised her some money. (You can promise someone something.)
I promised to pay. (You can promise to do something.)
I promised her that I would pay. (You can promise someone a statement.)
*I promised her to pay. (You can’t promise someone to do something.)
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You are one or two humans and one or two aliens meeting for the first time.
Write a conversation that they have.
Write it in direct speech:
Alien 1: Where do you live?
Human 1: I live in a house in Boston. Where do you live?
Alien 2: We live in a tree on Mars.
Human 2: What kind of tree do you live in?
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Homework: read the article on p. 147 and do p. 146 parts 4 and 5
    Also: Write about your human/alien conversation in reported speech

“One alien asked one human where she lived. The human said she lived in a house in Boston and asked the aliens where they lived. The other alien told the human that they lived in a tree on Mars. The other human asked what kind of tree they lived in. …”