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  2. This second part of the experiment dealt with the permeability of the dialysis tube to the disaccharide sucrose, and the diffusion of water, osmosis. Diffusion, a form of passive transport, always transports molecules from a high concentration to a low concentration. There is a lower concentration of water inside the sucrose tubes, and water diffuses in. As the water enters the tube it lowers the concentration of sucrose until it reaches equilibrium. This diffusion raises the mass of the tubing, because as the water permeates in, the sucrose cannot permeate out. The higher the molar concentration, the faster the water diffuses through, because there is a lesser concentration of water in a higher molar solution.
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  5. The third part of the experiment dealt with hypertonic solutions, and what they can do to living cells. Four potato cores were made, each an each long. These potato cores were soaked in 4 different solutions of sucrose, ranging from 0.0 M (water) to 1.0 M (342.3 grams of sucrose in 1 liter of water), for ~24 hours. As the solutions molar concentration rose, the potato core’s final mass decreased. The potato soaked in water gained ~20% in mass, but the potato soaked in the 1.0 M solution lost ~21% mass. This is because the lower concentrations (0.0 M and 0.2 M) were hypotonic to the cell, and the higher concentrations (0.6 M and 1.0 M) were hypertonic. The potatoes in hypotonic solutions (whose concentration of water was more than the cells) gained mass; because of the cell’s semi-permeable membrane, water diffused in as it tried to reach equilibrium. The potatoes in hypertonic solutions (whose concentration of water was less than the cells), however, lost water; again, this is because of the cell’s semi-permeable membrane allowing water to diffuse out as it tried to create equilibrium.
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