2018-01-23 TOEFL: word roots, reading purpose

Greg Malivuk
[email protected]
http://www.pastebin.com/u/gmalivuk - notes from all classes
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Word Roots - list 4 - With your partner, try to think of a word or two to explain the meaning of each word root.
icon (iconography, iconoclast, iconic) = image
idio (idiomatic, idiosyncrasy, idiot) = one’s self
il/im/in/ir (illegal, impossible, inconsiderate, irresponsible) = not
il/im/in/ir (illuminate, impress, inhale, irradiate) = in
	il before L (illustrious, illegitimate, illegible)
	im before M, P, B (immobile, imbue)
	ir before R (irrelevant, irrigate)
	in before everything else (inane, indominable, inefficient, infuriating, etc.)
infra (infrastructure, infrared) = under
inter (interview, international, intercept) = between/among
intra/intro (intravenous, introvert) = into (the direction, not just the location)
ject (interject, eject) = throw/thrust
junct (junction, conjunction, adjunct) = join
kine (kinetic, kinesthetic, telekinesis) = movement (in Latin the spelling was changed to “cine”)
lab (labor, collaborate, elaborate) = work
lex/lect (lexical, dyslexia, lecture, dialect) = words/read (also “pick” or “choose”)
loc (location, dislocation, relocate) = place
luc (translucent, elucidate) = light (this root is followed by ‘e’ or ‘i’, so the last sound is /s/)
lum (illuminate, lumen) = light
macro (macroeconomics, macroevolution) = big (in size)
magni (magnify, magnificent, magnate) = great (in size or quality)
mal (malpractice, malaria, malicious) = bad
man/mani/manu (manual, maneuver, manuscript) = hand
mar (marine, maritime) = sea
mega (megabyte, megastructure, megalith) = huge (more than “macro”) (1,000,000 for measurements)
meta (metamorphosis, metastasis) = change
meta (metaphysics, metacognition, metadata) = beyond/about (Metadata is the data *about* the messages you send and receive, for example.)
micro (microscope, microphone, microbe) = tiny (1/1,000,000 for measurements)
migr (immigrate, migrant) = move
mis (misbehave, misnomer) = wrong
miss/mit (dismiss, transmit, missile) = send
mono (monochromatic, monotonous, monologue) = one

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Many “synonymous” prefixes can be combined with the same stems to give different meanings.
infra/sub = under
ultra/super = over
infrasonic = under the frequency of (audible) sound
subsonic = under the speed of sound
ultrasonic = over the frequency of (audible) sound
supersonic = over the speed of sound
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TOEFL has four sections, each worth 30 points (total: 120)
1 reading: 3 or 4 passages, 20 minutes each, about 15 multiple choice questions each
2 listening: 2 or 3 sets of three listenings each (1 conversation 2 academic), 10m to answer per set
	(10-minute break)
3 speaking: 6 tasks, 5m30s speaking time, about 20 minutes for the whole section
4 writing: 2 tasks, 20 and 30 minutes of writing time, about 1 hour total
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Reading Question Types:
- fact
- negative fact
- vocabulary
- inference
- reference
- purpose
- paraphrase/restatement/sentence simplification
- sentence insertion/coherence
- summary
- organize/categorize/table completion
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DELTA p. 91 - Questions about why the author did something are purpose questions.
(The “inverse” of purpose questions are method questions: How does the author argue/define/illustrate…?)
p. 94-95 - Take 5 minutes to answer these four purpose questions. Then compare your answers with your partner. Try to convince them if you disagree.
1 A
2 D
3 B
4 A
p. 96 - Take 3 minutes to answer 5-7.
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BREAK
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5 C
6 D
7 C
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p. 97 - Take 3 minutes to finish 1.5.A. Then check with your partner.
8 C
9 A
10 C
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Handout (Longman) p. 78 - Take 3 minutes to answer the questions about xerography.
1 D
2 A
3 C
4 C
p. 79-80 - Take 4 minutes to answer these five questions.
5 B
6 A
7 D
8 D
9 C
p. 81 - 4 minutes
10 B
11 A
12 D
13 D
14 A
p. 82 - 4 minutes
15 B
16 A
17 D
18 B
19 D
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p. 84-86 - Take 10 minutes to answer these questions about Ella Deloria.
1 B
2 C
3 D
4 A
5 D
6 A
7 C
8 C
9 B
10 A
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Homework: Finish the handout (88-90) and do DELTA 1.5.B (98-100)