Create a new version of paste:

/*

Lab 1 is (hopefully) an easy way to get familiar with some
of the tools used in this class; the autograder, makefile, and get_opt.

get_opt is a function in the C libraries that processes options
input on the command line at runtime. For example, a program
might be compiled and run like so:

g++ main.cpp --std=c++17 -o main
./main

There was an argument provided to the g++ compiler: '--std=c++17'.
The program recognizes the '--' string and identifies
it as an argument.  Get_opt will essentially do this for you,
all you need to do is make sure it knows what look for, and what to
do if it finds something.  An example of how you might run a project
in EECS 281 is as follows (using the makefile that we provide):

make
./lab1 -p 2 < test.txt

Other examples of valid command lines (the first uses the long version
of print, the second specifies the -n or --name also):
./lab1 --print 2 < test.txt
./lab1 -p 2 -n < test.txt

This brings the EECS 281 makefile to attention.  There are instructions
in the makefile and we will go over it in class, but there are a few places
that you need to edit with your program information.  The makefile will
save you a lot of time when compiling your programs and submitting to the
autograder.  In fact, it is required that you include a makefile with your
autograder submissions.

*/

#include <vector>
#include <iostream>
#include <algorithm> // std::sort
#include <getopt.h>
#include "sorting.h"


// ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
//                    MusicLibrary Declarations
// ----------------------------------------------------------------------------


class MusicLibrary {

public:

    // Read in the CSV music file through stdin.
    void read_data();

    // Read and process command line arguments.
    void get_options(int argc, char** argv);

    // Sort and print the data.
    void run();


private:

    // Holds all of the song objects for the program.
    std::vector<Song> music;

    // The number of songs to print after sorting.
    int num_print = 2;

    // Signifies what we attribute we are sorting by.
    char policy = '\0';
};


// ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
//                               Driver
// ----------------------------------------------------------------------------


int main(int argc, char** argv) {

    try {
        // Instantiate a music library.
        MusicLibrary library;

        // Read and process the command line options.
        library.get_options(argc, argv);

        // Read in the provided file through stdin.
        library.read_data();

        // Sort the data with the provided policy and print
        // the first 'num_print' songs.
        library.run();
    }

    // Catch runtime_errors, print the message, and exit the
    // program with a non-zero status.
    catch (std::runtime_error& e) {
        std::cerr << e.what() << std::endl;
        return 1;
    }

    // All done!
    return 0;
}


// ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
//                    MusicLibrary Definitions
// ----------------------------------------------------------------------------


/*

This program can be run with five different command line options:

[--print | -p] <num_print>
Determines how many songs to print.

[--name | -n]
Sorts by song title

[--artist | -a]
Sorts by song artist

[--listens | -l]
Sorts by number of listens that a song has.

[--help | -h]
Displays a helpful message!  We wrote one for you,
so feel free to take a look for additional clarification.

These are the options you will be incorporating into get_options!
The program could be run like so:

./lab1 --print 3 --artist

Equivallentaly,

./lab1 -p 3 -a

*/


// Read and process command line options.
void MusicLibrary::get_options(int argc, char** argv) {
    int option_index = 0, option = 0;

    // Don't display getopt error messages about options
    opterr = false;

    
    // use getopt to find command line options
    struct option longOpts[] = { { "print", required_argument, nullptr, 'p' },
                                { "help", no_argument, nullptr, 'h' },
	     					    { "listens", no_argument, nullptr, "l" },
							    { "name", no_argument, nullptr, "n" },
						    	{ "artist", no_argument, nullptr, "a" },
							    { nullptr, 0, nullptr, '\0' }
                               };

    /*

    */
    while ((option = getopt_long(argc, argv, "p:hlna", longOpts, &option_index)) != -1) {
        switch (option) {
        case 'p':
            num_print = std::atoi(optarg);
            break;

		case 'n':
			policy = 'n';
			break;

		case 'l':
			policy = 'l';
			break;

		case 'a':
			policy = 'a';
			break;


        case 'h':
            std::cout << "This program reads a CSV file that contains song names,\n"
                << "the artist who wrote them, and the number of plays each song\n"
                << "has on Spotify.  It then outputs the number of songs specified\n"
                << "in the command line arguments (the print option), which\n"
                << "defaults to 2, sorted by the option specified (one of name,\n"
                << "artist, or listens).\n"
                << "Usage: \'./lab1\n\t[--listens | -l]\n"
                << "\t[--name | -n]\n"
                << "\t[--artist | -a]\n"
                << "\t[--print | -p] <# of songs to print>\n"
                << "\t[--help | -h]\n"
                << "\t< <CSV Music File>\'" << std::endl;
            exit(0);
        }
    }

    // After all the options have been processed,
    // check to make sure a sorting policy has been selected.
    // If one has not been selected, we will default to
    // sorting by song title (name).
    if (!policy)
        policy = 'n';


    // If num_print is still 0, then we are just
    // wasting time sorting, so throw an error.
    if (!num_print)
        throw std::runtime_error("No print argument was provided!"
            " This program will have no tangible results.  Exiting...");
}


/*

An important concept in efficiency is portrayed in the next function,
but it can be easy to miss.  std::vector::reserve(size_t new_capacity)
is a function that reserves the EXACT amount of memory necessary to
fit 'new_capacity' number of elements.  We will go over exactly why
this is helpful in the first few weeks of class; for now just know
that it is limiting wasted memory in our program, as well as cutting
down on a non-trivial amount of time that would normally be lost
growing the vector.  This is not important with a sample file with
six songs, but there are autograder tests with thousands of songs
that it will make a difference in.

std::vector::reserve allocates the memory and increases the CAPACITY
of the array, but not the SIZE of the array.  This means those objects
don't actually exist yet, and a call to std::vector::size will portray that.
To increase the size of the array and insert objects then, we will still
use std::vector::push_back.  If one was to use std::vector::resize(size_t new_size)
instead, they would be increasing both the size as well as the capacity of
the array, and there would be 'new_size' many default constructed elements
in the array if the array was initially empty.

*/


// Read data into the program through stdin.
void MusicLibrary::read_data() {

    Song song;
    std::string plays;
    int num_songs = 0;

    // Read in the first number to find the number
    // of songs in the file.
    // Also consume the new line after the integer.
    std::cin >> num_songs >> std::ws;

    // Reserve the exact amount of memory needed
    // to fit all the songs.
    music.reserve(num_songs);

    // Read to the end of the CSV file.
    while (std::getline(std::cin, song.name, ',')) {

        // Skip comments.
        if (song.name[0] == '#') {
            size_t pos = 0;

            // If there is a newline, we have consumed
            // part of a song, so adjust the string.
            if ((pos = song.name.find_last_of('\n')) != std::string::npos)
                // Need a +1 here to move past the \n
                song.name = song.name.substr(pos + 1);

            // Otherwise just grab the rest of the line.
            else {
                std::getline(std::cin, song.name);
                continue;
            }
        }

        // Get the rest of the line.
        std::getline(std::cin, song.artist, ',');
        std::cin >> song.plays >> std::ws;

        // Put the song into the music list.
        music.push_back(song);
    }

    // If we didn't read in any data, throw an error.
    if (!music.size())
        throw std::runtime_error("No data was read in! Refer to the help option to see program usage.");
}


// Sort and print the data.
void MusicLibrary::run() {

    // Determine our sorting policy and sort.
    if (policy == 'n') {
        std::sort(music.begin(), music.end(), Song::NameSort());
    }

	else if (policy == 'a') {
		std::sort(music.begin(), music.end(), Song::ArtistSort());
	}
	else if (policy == 'l') {
		std::sort(music.begin(), music.end(), Song::ListensSort());
	}


    // Print out the first num_print songs with the
    // overloaded stream insertion operator.   
    for (int i = 0; i < num_print; ++i)
        std::cout << music[i] << std::endl;
}


------


## EECS 281 Advanced Makefile

# How to use this Makefile...
###################
###################
##               ##
##  $ make help  ##
##               ##
###################
###################

# IMPORTANT NOTES:
#   1. Set EXECUTABLE to the command name given in the project specification.
#   2. To enable automatic creation of unit test rules, your program logic
#      (where main() is) should be in a file named project*.cpp or specified
#      in the PROJECTFILE variable.
#   3. Files you want to include in your final submission cannot match the
#      test*.cpp pattern.

# enables c++17 on CAEN
PATH := /usr/um/gcc-6.2.0/bin:$(PATH)
LD_LIBRARY_PATH := /usr/um/gcc-6.2.0/lib64
LD_RUN_PATH := /usr/um/gcc-6.2.0/lib64

# TODO
# Change EXECUTABLE to match the command name given in the project spec.
EXECUTABLE 	= lab1
DEBUG       = $(EXECUTABLE)_debug

# designate which compiler to use
CXX			= g++

# list of test drivers (with main()) for development
TESTSOURCES = $(wildcard test*.cpp)
# names of test executables
TESTS       = $(TESTSOURCES:%.cpp=%)

# list of sources used in project
SOURCES 	= $(wildcard *.cpp)
SOURCES     := $(filter-out $(TESTSOURCES), $(SOURCES))
# list of objects used in project
OBJECTS		= $(SOURCES:%.cpp=%.o)


# If main() is in another file delete the line above, edit and uncomment below
PROJECTFILE = lab1.cpp

# name of the tar ball created for submission
PARTIAL_SUBMITFILE = partialsubmit.tar.gz
FULL_SUBMITFILE = fullsubmit.tar.gz

# name of the perf data file, only used by the clean target
PERF_FILE = perf.data*

#Default Flags (would prefer -std=c++17 but Mac/Xcode/Clang doesn't support)
CXXFLAGS = -std=c++1z -Wconversion -Wall -Werror -Wextra -pedantic 

# make release - will compile "all" with $(CXXFLAGS) and the -O3 flag
#				 also defines NDEBUG so that asserts will not check
release: CXXFLAGS += -O3 -DNDEBUG
release: all

# make debug - will compile "all" with $(CXXFLAGS) and the -g flag
#              also defines DEBUG so that "#ifdef DEBUG /*...*/ #endif" works
debug: EXECUTABLE := $(DEBUG)
debug: CXXFLAGS += -g3 -DDEBUG
debug: clean all

# make profile - will compile "all" with $(CXXFLAGS) and the -pg flag
profile: CXXFLAGS += -pg
profile: clean all

# make static - will perform static analysis in the matter currently used
#               on the autograder
static:
	cppcheck --enable=all --suppress=missingIncludeSystem $(SOURCES) *.h *.hpp

# highest target; sews together all objects into executable
all: $(EXECUTABLE)

$(EXECUTABLE): $(OBJECTS)
ifeq ($(EXECUTABLE), executable)
	@echo Edit EXECUTABLE variable in Makefile.
	@echo Using default a.out.
	$(CXX) $(CXXFLAGS) $(OBJECTS)
else
	$(CXX) $(CXXFLAGS) $(OBJECTS) -o $(EXECUTABLE)
endif

# Automatically generate any build rules for test*.cpp files
define make_tests
    ifeq ($$(PROJECTFILE),)
	    @echo Edit PROJECTFILE variable to .cpp file with main\(\)
	    @exit 1
    endif
    SRCS = $$(filter-out $$(PROJECTFILE), $$(SOURCES))
    OBJS = $$(SRCS:%.cpp=%.o)
    HDRS = $$(wildcard *.h *.hpp)
    $(1): CXXFLAGS += -g3 -DDEBUG
    $(1): $$(OBJS) $$(HDRS) $(1).cpp
	$$(CXX) $$(CXXFLAGS) $$(OBJS) $(1).cpp -o $(1)
endef
$(foreach test, $(TESTS), $(eval $(call make_tests, $(test))))

alltests: clean $(TESTS)

# rule for creating objects
%.o: %.cpp
	$(CXX) $(CXXFLAGS) -c $*.cpp

# make clean - remove .o files, executables, tarball
clean:
	rm -f $(OBJECTS) $(EXECUTABLE) $(DEBUG) $(TESTS) $(PARTIAL_SUBMITFILE) $(FULL_SUBMITFILE) $(PERF_FILE)
	rm -Rf *.dSYM

# make partialsubmit.tar.gz - cleans, runs dos2unix, creates tarball omitting test cases
PARTIAL_SUBMITFILES=$(filter-out $(TESTSOURCES), $(wildcard Makefile *.h *.hpp *.cpp))
$(PARTIAL_SUBMITFILE): $(PARTIAL_SUBMITFILES)
	rm -f $(PARTIAL_SUBMITFILE) $(FULL_SUBMITFILE)
	-dos2unix $(PARTIAL_SUBMITFILES)
	COPYFILE_DISABLE=true tar -vczf $(PARTIAL_SUBMITFILE) $(PARTIAL_SUBMITFILES)
	@echo !!! WARNING: No test cases included. Use 'make fullsubmit' to include test cases. !!!

# make fullsubmit.tar.gz - cleans, runs dos2unix, creates tarball including test cases
FULL_SUBMITFILES=$(filter-out $(TESTSOURCES), $(wildcard Makefile *.h *.hpp *.cpp test*.txt))
$(FULL_SUBMITFILE): $(FULL_SUBMITFILES)
	rm -f $(PARTIAL_SUBMITFILE) $(FULL_SUBMITFILE)
	-dos2unix $(FULL_SUBMITFILES)
	COPYFILE_DISABLE=true tar -vczf $(FULL_SUBMITFILE) $(FULL_SUBMITFILES)
	@echo !!! Final submission prepared, test cases included... READY FOR GRADING !!!

# shortcut for make submit tarballs
partialsubmit: $(PARTIAL_SUBMITFILE)
fullsubmit: $(FULL_SUBMITFILE)

define MAKEFILE_HELP
EECS281 Advanced Makefile Help
* This Makefile uses advanced techniques, for more information:
    $$ man make

* General usage
    1. Follow directions at each "TODO" in this file.
       a. Set EXECUTABLE equal to the name given in the project specification.
       b. Set PROJECTFILE equal to the name of the source file with main()
       c. Add any dependency rules specific to your files.
    2. Build, test, submit... repeat as necessary.

* Preparing submissions
    A) To build 'partialsubmit.tar.gz', a tarball without tests used to find
       buggy solutions in the autograder.  This is useful for faster autograder
       runs during development and free submissions if the project does not
       build.
           $$ make partialsubmit
    B) Build 'fullsubmit.tar.gz' a tarball complete with autograder test cases.
       ALWAYS USE THIS FOR FINAL GRADING!  It is also useful when trying to
       find buggy solutions in the autograder.
           $$ make fullsubmit

* Unit testing support
    A) Source files for unit testing should be named test*.cpp.  Examples
       include test_input.cpp or test3.cpp.
    B) Automatic build rules are generated to support the following:
           $$ make test_input
           $$ make test3
           $$ make alltests        (this builds all test drivers)
    C) If test drivers need special dependencies, they must be added manually.
    D) IMPORTANT: NO SOURCE FILES THAT BEGIN WITH test WILL BE ADDED TO ANY
       SUBMISSION TARBALLS.

* Static Analysis support
    A) Matches current autograder style grading tests
    B) Usage:
           $$ make static
endef
export MAKEFILE_HELP

help:
	@echo "$$MAKEFILE_HELP"

#######################
# TODO (begin) #
#######################
# individual dependencies for objects
# Examples:
# "Add a header file dependency"
# project2.o: project2.cpp project2.h
#
# "Add multiple headers and a separate class"
# HEADERS = some.h special.h header.h files.h
# myclass.o: myclass.cpp myclass.h $(HEADERS)
# project5.o: project5.cpp myclass.o $(HEADERS)
#
# ADD YOUR OWN DEPENDENCIES HERE
lab1.o: lab1.cpp sorting.h

#test_thing: test_thing.cpp class.o functions.o

#class.o: class.cpp class.h

#functions.o: functions.cpp functions.h

#project0.o: project0.cpp class.h functions.h

######################
# TODO (end) #
######################

# these targets do not create any files
.PHONY: all release debug profile static clean alltests partialsubmit fullsubmit help
# disable built-in rules
.SUFFIXES: