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;-------------------------------------- ; Approximation of pi by checking points ; in a grid if they are lying within ; a quarter of a circle with the radius ; of the grid's length and calculating ; the ratio of points in the circle and ; all points of the grid, known as pi. ;-------------------------------------- !to "test.prg", cbm !convtab pet !sl "test.labels" ; Radius and length of the grid. RADIUS = 3000 ; 32 bit fixed point value with two bit fraction. HIT_ZONE = (RADIUS * RADIUS) << 2 ptr1 = $9e ptr2 = $a5 x = $a7 ; 32 bit fixed point with two bit fractional part. hit_count = $b0 ; 24 or 32 bit counter. i = $f7 ; 16 bit fixed point with one bit fractional part. r16a = $f9 fac1_print = $aabc * = $0801 basic_header !word .next_line !word 2014 ; BASIC line number. !pet "ti$", $b2, 34, "000000", 34, ":" ; Set clock to 00:00:00. !byte $9e ; SYS token. !byte "0" + (start / 1000), "0" + ((start / 100) % 10) !byte "0" + ((start / 10) % 10), "0" + (start % 10) !pet ":", $99, "ti$" ; PRINT clock value. !byte 0 ; BASIC line end marker. .next_line !word 0 !zone start: jsr calculate_squares jsr count_hits_on_one_side_of_the_diagonal asl hit_count ; hit_count *= 2 rol hit_count+1 rol hit_count+2 jsr count_hits_on_the_diagonal ; ; fac1 = 4 * hit_count / int(HIT_ZONE) ; asl hit_count ; hit_count *= 4 rol hit_count+1 rol hit_count+2 rol hit_count+3 asl hit_count rol hit_count+1 rol hit_count+2 rol hit_count+3 lda hit_count+3 ; fac1 = hit_count sta $62 lda hit_count+2 sta $63 lda hit_count+1 sta $64 lda hit_count sta $65 sec lda #0 ldx #$a0 jsr $bc4f ldx #<.temp_flpt ; .temp_flpt = fac1 ldy #>.temp_flpt jsr $bbd4 ; fac1 = int(HIT_ZONE) lda #(HIT_ZONE >> 2) AND $ff ldx #((HIT_ZONE >> 2) >> 8) AND $ff ldy #((HIT_ZONE >> 2) >> 16) AND $ff jsr $af87 sec lda #0 ldx #$a0 jsr $bc4f lda #<.temp_flpt ; fac1 = .temp_flpt / fac1 ldy #>.temp_flpt jsr $bb0f jmp fac1_print .temp_flpt !fill 5 ;-------------------------------------- !align 255, 0, 0 !zone calculate_squares lda #<values ; ptr1 = &values sta ptr1 lda #>values sta ptr1+1 ldy #1 ; i = 0.5 sty i dey sty i+1 .loop lda i ; r16a = i sta r16a lda i+1 sta r16a+1 lda #0 ; x = i * r16a sta x+2 sta x+3 ldx #16 - lsr r16a+1 ror r16a bcc + lda x+2 clc adc i sta x+2 lda x+3 adc i+1 + ror sta x+3 ror x+2 ror x+1 ror x dex bne - ldy #0 ; *ptr1 = x lda x sta (ptr1),y iny lda x+1 sta (ptr1),y iny lda x+2 sta (ptr1),y iny lda x+3 sta (ptr1),y clc ; i += 1.0 lda i adc #2 sta i bcc + inc i+1 + clc ; ptr1 += 4 lda ptr1 adc #4 sta ptr1 bcc + inc ptr1+1 + lda ptr1 cmp #<(RADIUS * 4 + values) bne .loop lda ptr1+1 cmp #>(RADIUS * 4 + values) bne .loop rts ;-------------------------------------- !align 255, 0, 0 !zone count_hits_on_one_side_of_the_diagonal lda #0 ; hit_count = 0 sta hit_count sta hit_count+1 sta hit_count+2 sta hit_count+3 lda #<values ; ptr1 = &values sta ptr1 lda #>values sta ptr1+1 .outer_loop inc $d020 lda ptr1 sta ptr2 lda ptr1+1 sta ptr2+1 jmp .inner_continue ; Make sure the inner loop is within one page. !align 255, 0, 0 .inner_loop clc ; x = *ptr1 + *ptr2 ldy #0 lda (ptr1),y adc (ptr2),y sta x iny lda (ptr1),y adc (ptr2),y sta x+1 iny lda (ptr1),y adc (ptr2),y sta x+2 iny lda (ptr1),y adc (ptr2),y ; sta x+3 ; lda x+3 cmp #(HIT_ZONE >> 24) AND $ff bcc + bne .skip lda x+2 cmp #(HIT_ZONE >> 16) AND $ff bcc + bne .skip lda x+1 cmp #(HIT_ZONE >> 8) AND $ff bcc + bne .skip lda x cmp #HIT_ZONE AND $ff bcs .skip + inc hit_count ; ... ++hit_count bne + inc hit_count+1 bne + inc hit_count+2 + .skip .inner_continue clc ; ptr2 += 4 lda ptr2 adc #4 sta ptr2 bcc + inc ptr2+1 + lda ptr2 cmp #<(RADIUS * 4 + values) bne .inner_loop lda ptr2+1 cmp #>(RADIUS * 4 + values) bne .inner_loop .outer_continue clc ; ptr1 += 4 lda ptr1 adc #4 sta ptr1 bcc + inc ptr1+1 + lda ptr1 cmp #<(RADIUS * 4 + values) bne .to_outer_loop lda ptr1+1 cmp #>(RADIUS * 4 + values) beq + .to_outer_loop jmp .outer_loop + rts ;-------------------------------------- !align 255, 0, 0 !zone count_hits_on_the_diagonal lda #<values ; ptr1 = &values sta ptr1 lda #>values sta ptr1+1 .loop ldy #0 ; x = *ptr1 * 2 lda (ptr1),y asl sta x iny lda (ptr1),y rol sta x+1 iny lda (ptr1),y rol sta x+2 iny lda (ptr1),y rol ; sta x+3 ; lda x+3 cmp #(HIT_ZONE >> 24) AND $ff bcc + bne .skip lda x+2 cmp #(HIT_ZONE >> 16) AND $ff bcc + bne .skip lda x+1 cmp #(HIT_ZONE >> 8) AND $ff bcc + bne .skip lda x cmp #HIT_ZONE AND $ff bcs .skip + inc hit_count ; ... ++hit_count bne + inc hit_count+1 bne + inc hit_count+2 + .skip clc ; ptr1 += 4 lda ptr1 adc #4 sta ptr1 bcc + inc ptr1+1 + lda ptr1+1 cmp #>(RADIUS * 4 + values) bcc .loop lda ptr1 cmp #<(RADIUS * 4 + values) bcc .loop rts ;-------------------------------------- ; Variables: ; Make sure no indexed access to a 32 bit value crosses page boundaries. !align 4, 0, 0 ; 32 bit fixed point values with 2 bits fractional part. values ; Mind the BASIC ROM. !if values + RADIUS * 4 > $9fff { !error "`values` array does not fit into memory" }
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