MNCs

positive

-create jobs
-allow distribution of variety of products
-ensures products have minimum standards

negative

-may use slave / child labor
-has a large amount of pollution
-can drive local businesses to bankruptcy

ethical imperialism: universal ideal that there are rights / wrongs in each country no matter the culture, ie murder is bad
cultural relativisim: each culture is unique and needs to be understood equally, ie cultural differences in the middle east and the west should be respective

ETHICAL ISSUES A COMPANY MAY HAVE IN REGARDS TO CONSUMERS / STOCKHOLDERS / ETC

-Bribes
-Production (slave labor, animal testing, etc)
-Pollution
-Driving other businesses to bankruptcy
-pricing of products

CHALLENGES A COMPANY MAY FACE IN EMERGING MARKETS

-Cultural differneces, ie McDonalds not serving beef or pork in India / Muslim countries
-Find other shit, I made this at 5:30 AM

MARKET ENTRY STRATEGIES

(I think this is what he's looking for but if not, fuck)

-Product (Using metric as opposed to imperial, packaging colors meaning different things, legal requirements vary between countries)

-Place (Either using a centralized strategy by having manufacturing / marketing in one place, or decentralized by having indivdual plants throughout each country)

-E-commerce, using the internet to sell products and services to customers in a much larger area than normally possible through a traditional retail location

-Sales agent, which is a hired individual that is paid by a copmany to market its product to potential buyers and distributors, usually in a foreign country

-Trade shows, a collection of manufacturers and distributors of similar products who rent space, set up display booths and sell their products to buyers who are seeking aid products. (Example, the Detroit Auto Show)

-Branch Plants, A factory owned by a company based in another country. This is the most expensive market entry strategy

-Licensing agreement, which is a contract given by company A to another company B. The agreement allows company B to use and market company A's product, paying royalty and other fees to company A in return. Seen in the form of manufacturing, franchising and distribution agreements

COMPARING LOGISTICS BETWEEN LOCAL, NATIONAL, INTERNATIONAL

Logistics: Management of the flow of goods and services, both into and out of an organization from the point of origin to the point of consumption. IT consists of transportation, inventory management, warehousing / storage, and packaging.

There is admittedly nothing that solidly defines the differences between the 3 in any of our notes, make up some bullshit on how locally there's less cost and shit, and internationally they'll have to accomodate for border regulations, other businesses in that country, transportation fees (boats are expensive as shit), etc.

ADVANTAGES / DISADVANTAGES OF VARIOUS MODES OF TRANSPORTATION

Motorized Carriers

-Less costly
-Flexible timing, can leave as soon as possible in comparison to plane or ocean.
-Possible door-to-door service

-Localized, cannot cross certain places
-Limited cargo space in comparison
-Delivery might take some time
-Bad for environment

Rail

-Direct route to destination
-Cost efficient
-Can take a lot of cargo

-Limit route
-Slow

Air Transportation

-Vast travel, can travel anywhere
-Fast
-Largo cargo loads

-Expensive

Containerization

-Cheaper
-Can go on track, train, ship
-Very safe from damage, theft

-Slow

Ocean Freight

-An excessive amount of space
-Cost


-Pirates
-Oil spills
-Slow

Pipeline

-Constant
-Direct

-Terrorists
-Disaster if they break

The selection of a carrier depends on several different factors:

-What is being shipped
-Weight of the shipment
-Speed of delivery required
-Cost of the carrier
-Destination of the shipment

Motorized Carriers – Trucks, Vans, Motorcycles

-The cost of shipping a full truckload (FTL)_ is lower than shipping a less than truckload (LTL).
-Many motorized carriers offer freight consolidation, where goods from different sellers (shippers) are stored in a warehouse until there is an FTL of goods bound for a particular destination.

Rail

-Trains are slower than truck transport and have a more limited range
-Ideal for long distances and much cheaper than truck transport
-Can carry materials from ports to inland cities.

Ocean Freight

-Used by importers and exporters that deal with businesses on other continents
-Inexpensive but slow, and must be used with at least one other carrier, as ships cannot go door to door.

Air Freight

-Very fast, but very expensive
-Weight restrictions limit size of air shipments.

Containerization: The use of standard-sized reusable metal boxes, designed to fit on top of each other, to store and ship freight. Intermodal shipping is the process of using more than one mode of transportation to ship containers.