2014-08-28 Structure: indirect speech

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Homework: p. 181
A
2 e
3 f (also "must" -> "had to")
4 a
5 c - He said, "We have never waited so long to be served."
6 b
7 g
8 d - He said, "Did you include the service in the bill?"
B
2 C
3 C
4 I - He asked if the bill included service.
5 I - He asked how much the service was.
6 I - He said they were short of time.
7 C
8 I - He told them to keep.../He said to keep...
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p. 184 exercise 4
2 I could
3 what she needed
4 she had to write
5 her
6 what the quotation was
7 it was
8 what she thought it meant
9 it was
10 would like
11 was
12 if she thought it meant
13 could learn (because "listened")
14 she understood

She said she thought it meant you ___ learn something.
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My teacher taught me that water boils at 100C.
("boils" because I still believe it's true)
My teacher taught me that Pluto was a planet.
("was" because I don't still believe it's true)

My teacher teaches students that Pluto is a planet.
(Even though this is incorrect, it's what the teacher teaches today, so we can't change "is" to "was".)
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Backshifting: changing verbs to be more in the past, especially for reported (indirect) speech and noun clauses

present -> past
(simple, progressive, perfect, and perfect progressive)

past simple/progressive -> past perfect/past perfect prog.

past perfect -> past perfect (and progressive)

will -> would
am/is/are going to -> was/were going to
may -> might
can -> could
must -> had to
must not -> couldn't

would, might, could, should, ought to, had better: no change

must have, should have, could have, etc.: no change

conditionals: complicated to decide
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From direct to indirect, we can always follow one of these rules. From indirect to direct, we sometimes have a choice, and we need more information.

He asked when she would like to meet him again.
He asked, "When would you like to meet me again?"

He asked when she would finish work.
He asked, "When will you finish work?"
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Homework: p. 182 and 183
	(p. 183: they give indirect answers, you need to write direct questions)