Psych class notes

PSYCH 1 - 8/7/20
Robin, Taizen says, We'll start with class.
Robin, Taizen says, But.
Robin, Taizen says, I pray that Hodori is well. If you are his friend, it would be nice to check in with him. In fact, to check in on all of your friends, given the changes of recent times.
Naoki Kashigawa thinks, Hodori's that dudes name?
Naoki Kashigawa thinks, Huh.
Mugenjin, Yato says, Understood, Taizen-shifu.
Robin, Taizen says, Let's begin.
Robin, Taizen says, The study of cognition, which we'll be going over in this class, is on the topic of how our brains process and react to information presented to us by the world.
Robin, Taizen says, We're the most advanced species on the planet in terms of complex thought.
Kaspar Vanderbilt thinks, ...Hm.
Naoki Kashigawa begins to take notes, diligently paying attention because he knows he isn't smart enough to just skin of his teeth through this.
Robin, Taizen says, The frontal lobe is disproportionately large in our subspecies, a comparison to our ancestrals demonstrating our skull's shaped to accommodate its shape.
Robin, Taizen says, We.
Robin, Taizen says, As humans.
Robin, Taizen says, Were designed to -think-.
Robin, Taizen says, To move.
Robin, Taizen says, We are not designed for a sedentary lifestyle, of course.
Kishikami, Reo takes out a scroll and begins to take notes dilligently
Robin, Taizen says, Nor are we designed to be the strongest.
Robin, Taizen says, If an animal receives essence.
Robin, Taizen says, That animal will be stronger than us normally.
Robin, Taizen says, It's because essence is a tool of creativity and cognition.
Robin, Taizen says, That we make use of it -so- well.
Naoki Kashigawa thinks, Hrm. I see.
Robin, Taizen says, Two years ago.
Robin, Taizen says, There were investments made into a fund.
Robin, Taizen says, Known as the 'Dhin Project'.
Robin, Taizen says, How many of you are familiar with this project?
Kaspar Vanderbilt thinks, ...The 'Dhin Project'?
Robin, Taizen says, It reaped nearly 200'000'000 yen.
Andrew Astraea thinks, The Dhin project?
Robin, Taizen says, Within its first year of introduction.
Thaqy says, shut up bitch
Thaqy says, dont say that
Thaqy says, fucking name
Robin, Taizen says, The concept of designing artificial human beings.
Thaqy says, -omit-
Robin, Taizen says, And artificial Bearers.
Robin, Taizen says, They're still in development.
Kaspar Vanderbilt says, ...Fascinaating.
Robin, Taizen says, But they're said to be releasing a prototype in the next five years.
Okorafor Kheti says, Hm....
Robin, Taizen says, Psychologists took the model of information processing, and applied it to the human brain.
Robin, Taizen says, We're said to be similar to computers.
Naoki Kashigawa says, ... I'm suprised none of the major religions of the world called that heretical. The Dhin thing.
Robin, Taizen says, If you've been in the hospital.
Robin, Taizen says, There are a few computers used to process data.
Robin, Taizen gestures at the wall.
He activates the overhead projector.
Robin, Taizen says, The brain is somewhat like a computer.
Robin, Taizen says, Encoding info into a series of chemical and electrical signals.
Robin, Taizen says, Then, it stores it in a way they can retrieve it when needed.
Robin, Taizen says, One prominent theory, Paivio's dual-coding theory, states that both verbal association and visual images are used to process and store information.
Robin, Taizen says, For example, the word "dad" can recall some information, and the "picture" of dad can recall the same information.
Robin, Taizen says, The fact that we code this information two different ways builds redundancy, and increases the chance inforamtion can be retrieved and used effectively when cued.
Robin, Taizen says, However...
Robin, Taizen says, Our brains are not computers.
Robin, Taizen says, Far from it.
Thaqy raises his HAND.
Robin, Taizen says, It handles emotions, sensations such as smell and taste, and memories. Not just raw facts and details.
Robin, Taizen says, Yes, Thaqy?
Thaqy says, Does Paivio's theory say those are the ONLY two ways? Things like smell can incite memories too, can't they?
Naoki Kashigawa tilts his head to the side, pondering.

He doesn't speak aloud, but his thoughts are certainly being driven forwards by this topic of discussion. 'Hrm.. but..'

He raises a hand as well, the beefy musclehead frowning as he ponders.
Robin, Taizen - https://images.fineartamerica.com/images-medium-large-5/lateral-view-of-human-skull-anatomy-alayna-guza.jpg -
The projection's there.

"You're right. Smell can incite memories too, and they'd say it would come with the word. But Paivio only takes into context -sight- and the -word-."
Robin, Taizen says, He believed strongly in sight's purpose as humans.
Robin, Taizen says, And that smell or other senses were not effective enough.
Robin, Taizen says, 'Seeing is believing'.

Okorafor Kheti leanned over his journal and rubbed his chin.
Robin, Taizen says, The information processing model has four key components.
Robin, Taizen says, Thinking requires sensation, encoding, and storage of that stimuli.
Robin, Taizen says, Stimuli must be analyzed by the brain to be useful in decision-making.
Robin, Taizen says, Decisions made in one situation can be extrapolated and adjusted to help solve new problems.
Robin, Taizen says, And problem solving is dependent not only on the person's cognitive level, but also on the context and complexity of the problem that they are facing.
Robin, Taizen says, Cognitive development is the development of one's ability to think and solve problems across their lifespan.
Robin, Taizen says, It's a process we all are undergoing right now.
Robin, Taizen says, Let's talk about the stages of cognitive development.
Naoki Kashigawa lowers his hand, tilting his head to the side.
Robin, Taizen says, We first learn control of our own body, and how to interact with, and manipulate the environment.
Robin, Taizen says, Characterized by our physical environment, our early cognitive development is based on our surroundings.
Robin, Taizen glances at Naoki.
"Did you have a question, Naoki?"
Narcisse Villeneuve just looked from side to side before starting to copy the picture on the projection in her notebook. Just in case.
Naoki Kashigawa says, Ah. It was just- well. When you compare the brain to a computer, the first thing that comes to mind is how- a Computer will always react the same way to the same stimuli. But five different humans. Are not only likely, but near guaranteed.
Naoki Kashigawa says, To each react wholly differently to the same stimuli.
Naoki Kashigawa says, Isn't the human brain a lot more complex than any kinda computer or coding?
Robin, Taizen says, It is.
Robin, Taizen says, That's what we spoke of earlier.
Robin, Taizen says, Denying the claim that it was.
Narcisse Villeneuve slowly raised a hand, glancing over her shoulder at Naoki.
Robin, Taizen says, Yes, Narcisse?
Naoki Kashigawa thinks, Right. That's why I'd lowered my hand, but... yeah. Hrm.
Narcisse Villeneuve says, Couldn't it be more a matter that our current technology and knowledge isn't enough to create a computer as powerful as our brain, yes?
Robin, Taizen says, You might be correct.
Robin, Taizen says, Yes.
Robin, Taizen says, That's what the Dhin Project aims to do.
Robin, Taizen says, Ultimately. . I don't think it'll work for another fifteen or twenty years.
Robin, Taizen says, Ever since the computer was invented fourty years ago, it's become smaller and smaller. Still though, people mentioned the integration of computers into robots. It's been said to be released countless of times.
Robin, Taizen says, Unfortunately, it has never reached fruition.
Narcisse Villeneuve nodded to herself, and lowered her hand.
Robin, Taizen says, So I look at the future with slight skepticism.
Naoki Kashigawa thinks, Thankfully. It'd be kind of depressing, if...
Robin, Taizen says, Now let's continue.
Robin, Taizen says, We'll be talking about Pidgey's Stages of Cognitive Development.
Yatogari, Izumo raised his hand.

"Is there a second name with that?"
Jacare thinks, Pidgey...?
Robin, Taizen says, Mm.
Robin, Taizen says, They call him Jean Pidgey.
Yatogari, Izumo says, Thanks, sir.
Kaspar Vanderbilt says, Hrm.
Robin, Taizen says, Jean Pidgey was one of the most influential figures in developmental psychology, stating there were qualitative differences between the way that children and adults think.
Robin, Taizen says, Thus, they divided the lifespan into -four- stages of cognitive development.
Robin, Taizen says, Sensorimotor.
Robin, Taizen says, Preoperational.
Robin, Taizen says, Concrete operational.
Robin, Taizen says, And Formal Operational.
Robin, Taizen says, Passage was "continuous" in his definition and that completion of each stage prepared the individual for the stage that followed.
Robin, Taizen says, Before delving into the stages, let's look at how Pidgey explained learning.
Robin, Taizen says, According to Pidgey, infants learn through instinctual interaction with the environment.
Robin, Taizen says, For instance.
Robin, Taizen says, We're aware of what a grasping reflex is, yes?
Thaqy says, Yes.
Robin, Taizen says, These organized patterns were stated to be 'schemata'.
Artorias says, I'm not.
Robin, Taizen says, The grasping reflex is the infant's reflex to grasp objects that come close to their hands.
Robin, Taizen says, Or to 'grab' them.
Robin, Taizen says, Like grabbing a finger, or grabbing a nipple for suckling.
Kishikami, Reo says, Hmm
Robin, Taizen says, It's a survival instinct.
Robin, Taizen says, A schema includes concepts, like "What is a dog", behaviors, like "What do you do in a sit-down restaurant for a tip", and so forth.
Robin, Taizen says, Let's ask.
Robin, Taizen says, Schemas could be different.
Robin, Taizen says, How much do you all tip your waiters at restaurants?
Robin, Taizen says, I understand this is an Arcadian practice.
Jacare says, ...Tip?
Robin, Taizen says, And does not exist in other places.
Robin, Taizen says, But as you've lived here for a while now.
Naoki Kashigawa says, ... Tips..
Robin, Taizen says, I'm sure you've been familiar with the look of the waiter or waitress.
Robin, Taizen says, Asking for a tip.
Kaspar Vanderbilt says, Twenty percent.
Naoki Kashigawa says, Saskia tried to explain that to me..
Naoki Kashigawa says, Ten.
Thaqy says, Maximus used to give people the tip of his sword if the meal wasn't satisfactory.
Naoki Kashigawa says, It's insulting to try and give people extra just for doing their jobs back home, but. I understand it's normal here, so.
Okorafor Kheti says, ...You're supposed to tip?
Narcisse Villeneuve says, ..You haven't tipped before?
Okorafor Kheti says, Not in Manila, I don't.
Robin, Taizen says, So think of schemata as categories.
Robin, Taizen says, What I do in this situation
Robin, Taizen says, What is t his vocabulary word's meaning?
Robin, Taizen says, What do I do when someone asks for my name?
Robin, Taizen says, We adapt that as infants, through adaptation.
Robin, Taizen says, Assimilation is the process of classifying new information into existing schemata.
Robin, Taizen says, Accommodation is the process by which existing schemata are modified to encompass this new information.
Robin, Taizen says, We could change 'What do I do when someone asks for my name'
Robin, Taizen says, To 'What do I do when someone greets me' or 'What do I do when I introduce myself?'
Robin, Taizen says, That's an example of accommodation.
Robin, Taizen says, While assimilation is more like, adapting something into an existing schemata.
Robin, Taizen says, Accommodation is the process by which existing schemata are modified to encompass this new information.
Robin, Taizen says, We could change 'What do I do when someone asks for my name'
Robin, Taizen says, To 'What do I do when someone greets me' or 'What do I do when I introduce myself?'
Robin, Taizen says, That's an example of accommodation.
Robin, Taizen says, While assimilation is more like, adapting something into an existing schemata.
Naoki Kashigawa furiously takes notes.
Narcisse Villeneuve continues taking notes of her own, though not as furiously.
Robin, Taizen says, So.
Robin, Taizen says, The first stage is the sensorimotor stage.
Robin, Taizen says, Startng at birth, and lasting until you're about two years of age.
Robin, Taizen says, A child learns to manipulate their environment, to meet physical needs.
Robin, Taizen says, Two different types of circular reactions begin.
Robin, Taizen says, Primary circular reactions are the repetition of a body movement, originally occurring by chance, such as sucking the thumb.
Robin, Taizen says, Usually, it's repeated due to someone finding pleasure or safey from it.
Robin, Taizen says, Soothing actions.
Robin, Taizen says, Secondary circular reactions occur when manipulation is focused on something outside of the body, such as throwing toys at someone.
Robin, Taizen says, They're repeated due to the child getting a response from the environment.
Robin, Taizen says, The key milestone that ends the sensorimotor stage is the development of object permanence.
Robin, Taizen says, Has anyone ever played this game?
Robin, Taizen changes the projector with thought.

- https://imgix.bustle.com/uploads/image/2019/3/11/1dde910f-0be0-4166-a72c-dfe659422396-shutterstock_1309043608.jpg?w=960&h=540&fit=crop&crop=faces&auto=format%2Ccompress&cs=srgb&q=70 -

"Its name is Peek-A-Boo."
Jacare says, Maybe?
Naoki Kashigawa says, 'course.
Robin, Taizen says, This is one of the manifestations of the Ring actually.
Robin, Taizen says, We are well aware of this particular ability.
Robin, Taizen says, As it is the ability of Lonely, the current First Lord of Gluttony, and the opponent Maximus repelled.
Thaqy says, Maximus banned peek-a-boo in the Loewe households because he couldn't conceive of the idea of covering his face.
Robin, Taizen says, He did the same to Lonely, Thaqy.
Okita, Hiro says, What?
Robin, Taizen says, Peek-A-Boo, manifested in Lonely's ability, is the ability to transition between presence and non-presence.
Okorafor Kheti says, Thaqy, what does Maximus' dick taste like?
Kishikami, Reo scribbles down in his notes on the side >Thaqy is suffering from trauma by Maximus<
Naoki Kashigawa says, So Lonely lacks comprehension of object permanance and projects this to stop existing when they aren't being observed?

Robin, Taizen says, Indeed.
Robin, Taizen says, You're quite skilled, Naoki-kun.
Robin, Taizen says, That's how the ability works, yes.
Robin, Taizen says, They 'disappear' from your scope.
Naoki Kashigawa says, Basically meaning, for Lonely. A smoke shroud is a perfect barrier.
Robin, Taizen says, Maximus could give you more information on this.
Narcisse Villeneuve says, ..Huh. That sounds really useful, actually-
Robin, Taizen says, Otherwise, keep this in mind.
Yatogari, Izumo says, Blinking is a perfect barrier.
Robin, Taizen says, Object -permanence- marks the beginning of representational thought.
Robin, Taizen says, In which the child begins to create mental representations of external objects and events.
Robin, Taizen says, The preoperational stage lasts from about two to seven years of age, and is characterized by symbolic thinking, egocentrism, and centration.
Robin, Taizen says, The centrality of who you are.
Robin, Taizen says, Symbolic thinking refers to the ability to pretend, play make-believe, and have imagination.
Robin, Taizen says, Egocentrism is the inability to imagine what it's like in other's shoes.
Robin, Taizen says, Centration is the tendency to focus on only one aspect of a phenomenon, or inability to understand the concept of conservation.
Robin, Taizen says, For example. If I hand a child two slices of pizza, rather than one.
Thaqy keeps business and pleasure seperate by not answering in class.
Robin, Taizen says, Even if they're the same.
Robin, Taizen says, The child sees 'two' slices versus 'one'.
Robin, Taizen says, And even if they were equal in quantity.
Robin, Taizen says, They see -two- to be greater than -one-.
Robin, Taizen says, Any questions so far?
Yatogari, Izumo raised a hand.
Naoki Kashigawa raises his hand.
Mugenjin, Yato continued to scribble down notes.
Yatogari, Izumo says, Backtracking. Could we get an example of assimilation?
Robin, Taizen says, Yes let's try assimilation.
Robin, Taizen says, The process of classifying -new- info into existing schemata.
Robin, Taizen says, If you learn what a chihuhua is.
Robin, Taizen says, You can identify it as a 'Dog'.
Robin, Taizen says, In the category of "What is a dog."
Yatogari, Izumo says, By similar example, learning what an apple is allows you to identify it as a "fruit", in the category of "What is a fruit?".
Yatogari, Izumo says, Right?
Robin, Taizen says, Correct.
Yatogari, Izumo says, Thanks.
Robin, Taizen says, It bcomes an example in the schemata.
Robin, Taizen says, No problem, Izumo.
Robin, Taizen says, Now, we've been over the preoperational stage too.
Naoki Kashigawa says, "You said, uh. The enviroment someone is in during these stages of growth is meaningful. Would you say that negative surroundings- like a broken home, parental abuse- can make these stages take abnormally long? Like an adult still being incapable of imagining what it's like to be in anothers shoes, or other disorders?
Robin, Taizen says, Yes it could, Naoki.
Robin, Taizen says, Absolutely.
Narcisse Villeneuve slowly raised a hand.
Naoki Kashigawa thinks, Might explain the squable I saw between Thaqy, that chick, and Caelius, the other day.
Alexander has come back from AFK!
Adrian says, . . .
Yatogari, Izumo says, To further on the idea of, uh..
Yatogari, Izumo says, Centration?
Yatogari, Izumo says, You could give them one single slice that is bigger than two individual ones..
Yatogari, Izumo says, But they'd want the two individual ones, just because they seem like more?
Robin, Taizen says, Yes.
Robin, Taizen says, They'd focus on the 'number' of two slices being there.
Robin, Taizen says, Regardless of their size.
Yatogari, Izumo says, Understood.
Robin, Taizen says, Of course if this is -extreme-.
Robin, Taizen says, This rule won't work.
Robin, Taizen says, If a pizza, in its singular slice.
Robin, Taizen says, Is nearly five times bigger.
Robin, Taizen says, Even an infant can tell the difference, yes?
Yatogari, Izumo says, Right, right.
Naoki Kashigawa says, They might even think that slice is still bigger than five slices of the other one.
Naoki Kashigawa says, Cus how huge it is get's fixed in their brain.
Narcisse Villeneuve says, Er.. I was going to ask- it's possible that some are more predisposed towards egocentrism and the like, right? Is it possible that a healthy and stable family life would entirely counteract that, or-?
Robin, Taizen says, Hm.
Robin, Taizen says, Some may be predisposed towards egocentrism, but usually, a good environment will counteract it, yes.
Ken enters the class late without a word and sits beside Reo.
Chunhua Hyojun slips into a chair.
Narcisse Villeneuve says, Then- could it be possible that the reverse is true as well? An individual predisposed towards selflessness could become more egocentric as a result of their upbringing?
Robin, Taizen says, Yes, Narcisse.
Robin, Taizen says, That'd be true as well.
Robin, Taizen says, Nature vs nurture argument.
Robin, Taizen says, We'll be getting into that at a later point.
Robin, Taizen says, But very perceptive of you.
Robin, Taizen says, Indeed.
Robin, Taizen says, Now, let's wrap up these last two stages.
Robin, Taizen says, The concrete operational stage, from 7 to 11 years of age, states that children can understand conservation and consider the perspectives of others.
Robin, Taizen says, It's the stage people get out of egocentrism and conservation.
Robin, Taizen says, They've yet to learn or think about abstract concepts though.
Robin, Taizen says, The formal operational stage starts at around 11.
Robin, Taizen says, It's marked by an ability to think logically about ideas.
Robin, Taizen says, Generally coinciding with our adolescence, we begin to reason about abstract concepts and problem solve.
Robin, Taizen says, We'll go into Vygotsky now, a famous Kreux-Petrine.
Robin, Taizen says, A Kreux-Petrine born without essence, Vygotsky proposed that the engine driving cognitive development was the internalization of a child's culture, including their interpersonal and societal rules, symbols, and language.
Robin, Taizen says, As a child develops, their skills and abilities are in formative stages.
Robin, Taizen says, With help from adults, those skills develop further.
Robin, Taizen says, -Culture-.
Robin, Taizen says, Determines what -we- learn.
Robin, Taizen says, Shokoku.
Robin, Taizen says, Teikoku.
Robin, Taizen says, Arcadia.
Robin, Taizen says, Manila.
Robin, Taizen says, We learn differently, based on our environment.
Robin, Taizen says, And based on our culture.
Robin, Taizen says, The -language- we speak.
Robin, Taizen says, The traditions and roles we place emphasis on.
Robin, Taizen says, And so forth.
Okorafor Kheti raises his hand.
RetuToday at 10:16 PM
Robin, Taizen says, Yes, Okorafor?
Okorafor Kheti says, Hm...
Okorafor Kheti says, If all of these are vital to development, and we acknowledge this, what does it say about thos ewho wish to eradicate those cultures and identities?
Robin, Taizen says, Hm...
Okorafor Kheti says, Recently, Manila has become scrutinized, and if we're applying a more global sense: is it safe to say that identities hold more complexity than what can be triviliazed from the outsider bias?
Robin, Taizen says, Yes. Of course our identities are very complex, and cannot be generalized to adapt to a whole community of people.
Robin, Taizen says, Especially Manila's.
Robin, Taizen says, Manila is a very touchy subject for many.
Thaqy says, ....
Thaqy breaks a pencil.
Chunhua Hyojun sighs. "In the end, aren't there cultures the rest of the world would be better off without?  Does every culture, or country...have a place?"
Okorafor Kheti hands flashed as negativity fileld the air. Okorafor glanced over at Thaqy, his dark mana slowly churning into life in case he needed to use it.
Adrian fixes Thaqy's pencil.
Robin, Taizen says, It's not for us to determine.
Okorafor Kheti says, People only seem to care about the negativity surrounding these cultures when it directly impacts them, is what I mean.
Chunhua Hyojun says, Then who?
Narcisse Villeneuve side-glanced a very angry Thaqy.
Robin, Taizen says, .  . .
Robin, Taizen says, The people of that community.
Robin, Taizen says, Have the right to determine it.
Naoki Kashigawa says, And yet, some world leaders have the power to determine it, whether or not they should, don't they?
Robin, Taizen says, Not outsiders.
Robin, Taizen says, Of course, world leaders do.
Robin, Taizen says, We all have a role to play.
Chunhua Hyojun says, Even when theyir countries ooze into others?
Robin, Taizen says, When you graduate, the world will be much different.
Robin, Taizen says, You'll be much older, too.
Robin, Taizen says, And you'll understand this.
Kishikami, Reo says, Hopefully...
Robin, Taizen says, In this world, what we should strive for most, is an understanding of one another.
Okorafor Kheti says, How many people suddenly were offended by the nature of Manila only after someone who shouldn't have been there died? I'm not an expert, but it don't think that's oozing over.
Robin, Taizen says, Misunderstanding is what breeds war.
Naoki Kashigawa says, Kyouka was manillan tho, she wasn't a foreigner. -omit-
Chunhua Hyojun says, Manillan drugs.
Okorafor Kheti says, And Arcadian Inquisitions.
Naoki Kashigawa says, So, Taizen-sensei.
Naoki Kashigawa says, Do you think War is never justified?
Okorafor Kheti says, Or, say, Chugoku Yakuza.
Chunhua Hyojun says, In the end, we'll all affect eachother.
Chunhua Hyojun says, Though the only place that'd be better as a glass dome, would be your home.
Robin, Taizen says, . . . .
Narcisse Villeneuve says, Shouldn't we, er.. Move over this subject-?
Okorafor Kheti says,  And yet, only Manila is the one threatened with eradication and ethnic cleansing.
Naoki Kashigawa says, That is- you say it stems from misunderstandings. That implies that, if people understood each other better, war wouldn't happen. But...
Naoki Kashigawa says, Some people actively desire conflict, for a variety of reasons.
Artorias thinks, They never miss a chance to take a jab at Arcadia.. The country that is literally paying for our education.
Okorafor Kheti says, Funny Chunhua. I'd have to say if my home was better as a glass dome, you'res would be better as a petting zoo for Vampires.
Naoki Kashigawa says, .... Guys, I ain't really think this is the place to share our personal views about each other's countries. The talk about different countries started relevant to the lesson, but.
Naoki Kashigawa says, I think we're off track.
Chunhua Hyojun 's pen pushes further pushes down on the pen. "Jiang-shi, Okorafor. For someone who isn't an outsider, and someone who's fangs bite on the country we're in. You seemed to try your best to stay here. Are you that scared of your own home?"
Naoki Kashigawa says, This is Psyche, not debate.
Narcisse Villeneuve says, I agree with Naoki.
Artorias says, They do it in every class..
Artorias says, Every chance they get.
Adrian sideglances Thaqy.
Robin, Taizen says, Let's continue the lesson.
Robin, Taizen says, It might take much longer, at this rate.
Naoki Kashigawa says, Regardless of who you agree with, their bickering is disruptive to class. Ah, thank you Sensei.
Alexander has gone AFK!
Robin, Taizen says, We're about an hour late.
Robin, Taizen says, So we'll have to extend the class to 10:00 PM.
Yatogari, Izumo says, . . .
Thaqy says, BRO
Thaqy says, -omit-
Robin, Taizen says, Shall we continue?
Yatogari, Izumo says, Yes, please.
Naoki Kashigawa cracks his shoulders. He came in tired from a fight in MMA club, too.

He forces himself to stay focused, despite that.

It's time to push himself further..!

His eyes hone in, his mind is forced farther-

"Thank you, Sensei."
Okorafor Kheti turned to Chunhua and gave him a slimey imitation of the same smile he ofered everyone, when Oko could clearly sense his negativity. "The difference between you and me Chunhua, is that I know the people of Manila enough to operate accordingly. When I die there, I won't blame everyone for the disease the world has dumped at its feet. I won't call myself hero either in choosing to fix it, because a hero is altruistic and all of you--"

Okorafor glanced at Thaqy, and then at Chunhua and then at Andrew and Artorias. "Have skin in your game. This is psychology. And in psychology, we must confront our own biases before we allow them to plague the science of choice." Okorafor shrugged. "That's all I'm saying. Let's return to class."
Okorafor Kheti says, A dozen heroes went to Manila, and all of them came back murderers.
Chunhua Hyojun shrugs.
Yatogari, Izumo says, Okorafor.. I'm trying to get home in time for dinner.
Andrew Astraea thinks, Skin in our game...??
Robin, Taizen says, ///
Robin, Taizen says, Alright.
Robin, Taizen says, Let's continue.
Naoki Kashigawa thinks, Izanagi's gleaming electric balls what is these people's problem.
Yatogari, Izumo says, Yes, please.
Robin, Taizen says, Cognitive changes in our late adulthood bring many changes to our cognition.
Robin, Taizen says, Reaction time increases teadily in early adulthood and time-based prospective memory. That's the ability to remember to perform tasks at specific times in the future.
Robin, Taizen says, Intelligence was categorized into two subtypes.
Robin, Taizen says, Fluid intelligence, consisting of problem solving skills.
Robin, Taizen says, And crystallized intelligence, which is more related to use of learned skills and knowledge.
Robin, Taizen says, Fluid intelligence peaks in early adulthood, while crystallized intelligence peaked in middle adulthood, so about in your 40s.
Robin, Taizen says, Both types of intelligence -decline- with age, for most humans.
Robin, Taizen says, Of course, if you're immortal, your crystallized intelligence may be at its height.
Robin, Taizen says, However.
Robin, Taizen says, Problem-solving skills do peak in youth.
Robin, Taizen says, Does everyone understand that?
Robin, Taizen says, In that case, we'll be going onto decline in intellectual abilities.
Robin, Taizen says, Many study how long an older adult retains the ability to function.
Naoki Kashigawa says, I htink so. Basically, your saying that people mentally 'peak' in their mid 40's, and their brain's start...
Robin, Taizen says, This is known as 'observation' of activities of daily living.
Naoki Kashigawa says, Hrm..
Robin, Taizen says, So what's an activity of daily living?
Robin, Taizen says, Any examples?
Jacare says, Eating?
Robin, Taizen says, Yes Jacare.
Robin, Taizen says, Eating.
Robin, Taizen says, Anyone else?
Narcisse Villeneuve says, Breathing?
Naoki Kashigawa says, Fighting.
Kishikami, Reo says, Training?
Andrew Astraea says, Speaking with family and friends.
Robin, Taizen says, Breathing is more of a natural thing we can do.
Robin, Taizen says, Regardless.
Robin, Taizen says, Via our reptilian brain.
Okorafor Kheti says, Reading.
Robin, Taizen says, Fighting, perhaps, yes.
Robin, Taizen says, Speaking, yes.
Robin, Taizen says, Reading.
Robin, Taizen says, What about toileting?
Robin, Taizen says, Emptying one's bladder.
Robin, Taizen says, Is a very daily activity.
Robin, Taizen says, At least, I'd hope so for all of you.
Naoki Kashigawa says, Takin' a shit, takin' a piss, yeah.
Okorafor Kheti says, Fucking.
Thaqy raises his HAND.
Andrew Astraea thinks, ..Crude.
Robin, Taizen says, ?
Robin, Taizen says, Okorafor.
Chunhua Hyojun says, Ha ha.
Jacare thinks, Well, he's not wrong...
Robin, Taizen says, That's highly inappropriate.
Robin, Taizen says, But certainly, -possibly-.
Robin, Taizen says, A daily activity.
Robin, Taizen says, Likely not in Arcadia though.
Kengo says, ...
Naoki Kashigawa says, ... Maybe in Huevo.
Chunhua Hyojun says, Is this going to lead into...how habits are formed?
Okorafor Kheti blunk a moment and glanced around for a second before covering his face.
"Ugh, it happened again."
Adrian considers his home life through a serious expression.
Robin, Taizen silently sighs at Adrian. He is more like Huevo every day.
Thaqy keeps his HAND raised.
Robin, Taizen says, Yes, Thaqy?
Chunhua Hyojun shivers.
Thaqy says, I think you personally can share some interesting insight into this topic. As a 300 year old man who has lived multiple lives, do you find that your problem-solving skills come back when you reincarnate, or do they stay declined because your mental age is the same?
Okorafor Kheti says, Wouldn't that kind of mental decline be associated to the cellular deterioation of his physical brain?
Thaqy says, That's what i'm wondering aswell.
Naoki Kashigawa says, ... That is, you mean, 'does having a different fresh body rejuvenate your mind again'..?
Thaqy says, But theoretically an immortal body immune to aging shouldn't experience those side effects.
Thaqy says, Right?
Naoki Kashigawa says, ... wait this guys a body hopper
Naoki Kashigawa says, what?
Chunhua Hyojun says, If it was completely physical, wouldn't he lose memories?
Okorafor Kheti says, I wouldn't say.
Naoki Kashigawa says, ... I didn't think the wheel of reincarnation worked like that...
Chunhua Hyojun says, Meaning memories aren't only in...the brain. Perhaps it's in essence?
Robin, Taizen says, だから実際に。
Robin, Taizen says, -omit-
Naoki Kashigawa says, ---
Thaqy says, nigga what
Thaqy says, -omit-
Okorafor Kheti says,  Entities getting too old often just...stop caring about being human.
Naoki Kashigawa says, .... Actually, this does bring up the question of.
Naoki Kashigawa says, How much the 'Soul' influences psychology.
Okorafor Kheti says, Their egos inflate and I suspect it has something to do with losing their Fear of Death, but likewise also being incapable of fulfilling the internal desire to die.
Robin, Taizen says, Mm...
Naoki Kashigawa says, And how much ones psychology influences their soul.
Robin, Taizen says, Ah. So you're aware of my age.
Robin, Taizen says, I would say. . .
Okorafor Kheti says, You told us, Master Taizen.
Robin, Taizen says, My problem-sovling skills return, with my physical age.
Robin, Taizen says, Since  my brain is affected by its physicality.
RetuToday at 10:53 PM
Robin, Taizen says, ã„·ã…‡ã„¹ë¡ã„·ã…Žã…‡ã„¹í”žë§ˆë¥˜ã… ã…‡í› .
Chunhua Hyojun says, Where are your memories stored, if your brain 'resets' physically, sot o speak?
Naoki Kashigawa says, .
Robin, Taizen says, -omit-
Okorafor Kheti says, Ah, so your body is more like a totem. You're a walking bit of representational magick.
Yatogari, Izumo says, I think we're about to derail, again.
Naoki Kashigawa stares into the distance.

His head hurts a little bit, to be honest, at this point. He is a good religous young Teikokan man, and the implications that the man before him experiences no loss of memories in reincarnations-

Naoki becomes very quiet and pensive.
Okorafor Kheti says, I wouldn't think too much about it though. As I've learned about Mana, it's mostly about mystery. Let the Gods figures out how the body gets from point A to point B, mages should only worry about the consequence, cost and restrictions.
Robin, Taizen says, Indeed.
Robin, Taizen says, My memories are likely stored within my soul.
Robin, Taizen says, And they're restored to the brain.
Okorafor Kheti crimson eyes gleamed as he considered the spellwork encapsulating Taizen. He had wanted to investigate more about magic, but their internship had only allowed him to meditate and confront his Patron.
Robin, Taizen says, Technically there are 'parts'.
Robin, Taizen says, But I won't go into that.
Robin, Taizen says, Not in this class.
Robin, Taizen says, Maybe if you have a high GPA.
Yatogari, Izumo says, Make a class for it, next semester?
Robin, Taizen says, And can join the Advanced Honors Courses.
Robin, Taizen says, In Semester 5 and 6.
Robin, Taizen says, That we've planned.
Naoki Kashigawa says, .... Well.
Robin, Taizen says, For those who take these studies seriously.
Naoki Kashigawa says, Now I'm -motivated-.
Yatogari, Izumo says, Sounds good.
Robin, Taizen says, I'll be teaching one on Seraphimhood.
Yatogari, Izumo says, If my GPA is high enough, can I take three classes?
Robin, Taizen says, Shepherding.
Robin, Taizen says, And whatnot.
Robin, Taizen says, Possibly, Izumo.
Naoki Kashigawa says, Hrm...
Robin, Taizen says, Now let's continue.
Yatogari, Izumo says, Yessir.
Robin, Taizen says, We've ... an hour extra now.
Robin, Taizen says, So.
Naoki Kashigawa intensifies his focus.
Robin, Taizen says, The decline in our intelligences is not uniform.
Artorias thinks, What?
Robin, Taizen says, Certain characteristics, such as higher level of education, more frequent performances of intellectual activities, socialization, and a stimulating environment, have been found to be protective against intellectual decline.
Naoki Kashigawa says, Like any muscle. The more you work it out, the better.
Naoki Kashigawa flexes.
Robin, Taizen says, Intellectual decline is not always benign.
Robin, Taizen says, Some types of decline, especially those resulting in dementia, are very common though.
Robin, Taizen says, It indicates a progressive loss of function beyond that of old age.
Robin, Taizen says, Dementia, often targets and begins with impaired memory.
Robin, Taizen says, Later, it progresses to impaired judgment and confusion.
Robin, Taizen says, The most common form of Dementia.
Robin, Taizen says, Is called Alzheimer's.
Robin, Taizen says, Vascular dementia, caused by high blood pressure and repeated microscopic clots in the brain, is also a very common cause.
Robin, Taizen says, So make sure you're not eating too much Huevan food.
Robin, Taizen says, While it is very delicious and fatty.
Robin, Taizen says, I hope that you do not consume too much of it.
Robin, Taizen thinks, Though the smell tends to be repulsive.
Robin, Taizen says, I have never personally eaten Huevan food myself.
Robin, Taizen says, As it's toxic to my body.
Naoki Kashigawa says, Mmm. Ain't they mostly do like.
Naoki Kashigawa says, Cooking with demon corpses?
Robin, Taizen says, Tentacles.
Robin, Taizen says, Are one of their most favorite cuisines.
Robin, Taizen says, Huevo del Diablo's Calamari.
Robin, Taizen says, Is world-wide famous.
Thaqy says, Huevo should be destroyed.
Robin, Taizen says, Thaqy.
Robin, Taizen says, You are more alike to Maximus than ever.
Chunhua Hyojun says, I prefer fried seaweed.
Okorafor Kheti stifles a laugh.
Thaqy says, ...Aaah? Is that so?
Okorafor Kheti says, Thaqy, I swear to god.
Chunhua Hyojun writes down Taizen's quote against Thaqy, due to effectively being in auto-pilot.
Robin, Taizen says, What percent of dementia cases do you believe are caused by Alzheimer's?
Jacare says, Twenty?
Chunhua Hyojun says, ..Do we count...essence users?
Chunhua Hyojun says, I mean, bearers.
Chunhua Hyojun says, tt.
Yatogari, Izumo says, You said it's very common..
Yatogari, Izumo says, .. So, seventy?
Naoki Kashigawa says, Hrm.
Naoki Kashigawa says, Over fifty?
Chunhua Hyojun says, ...Seventy sounds right. Perhaps some are caused by...bearer related abilities?
Okorafor Kheti says, That would be less than 1%, wouldn't it?
Robin, Taizen says, It'd be 70-80%.
Robin, Taizen says, Yes Izumo, a great guess.
Robin, Taizen says, Indeed, Bearer-related abilities cause other forms of it.
Naoki Kashigawa says, Hrm.
Robin, Taizen says, Cognition can be affected by a wide variety of conditions.
Robin, Taizen says, Including actual problems with the brain itself, like organic brain disorders.
Thaqy says, 9bro its midnight
Naoki Kashigawa says, Does possession of essence or Mana. Make someone's mind less likely to deteriorate?
Robin, Taizen says, Genetic problems, metabolic derangements, and long-term drug use.
Naoki Kashigawa says, That is, are bearers more mentally 'sound', at all?
Robin, Taizen says, The environment thus can affect our cognitive development and day to day cognition.
Thaqy says, STOP ASKING QUESTIONS NIGGER I WANT TO GO TO BED
Thaqy says, -omit-
Naoki Kashigawa says, I'm white you Loewe dog. -omit-
Robin, Taizen says, It does, Naoki.
Robin, Taizen says, It gives us more fortifications.
Yatogari, Izumo says, Haruto lived to be quite an old man before he began experiencing his.. Decline, it seemed.
Robin, Taizen says, Indeed.
Robin, Taizen says, It varies between people.
Robin, Taizen says, Bearers also tend to have longer lives.
Robin, Taizen says, Especially those who practice tai-chi.
Robin, Taizen says, Like Haruto does.
Yatogari, Izumo says, Did.
Chunhua Hyojun says, Essence probably affected it.
Robin, Taizen says, Parenting styles may influence cognitive development by reward, punishment, or indifference for emerging skills.
Robin, Taizen says, For example, through reinforcements.
Robin, Taizen says, Negative or positive.
Robin, Taizen says, In addition, genetics can predispose you to a state, where it may make cognitive development difficult.
Robin, Taizen says, Such as Down's Syndrome and Fragile X syndrome.
Robin, Taizen says, Associated with delayed cognitive development.
Robin, Taizen says, There's also Up's syndrome, associated with increased cognitive development.
Chunhua Hyojun says, Do...bearers have a resistance to gene based mental illness, and...things like deteration?
Robin, Taizen says, Antisocial personality disorder has also been shown to be highly genetic.
Robin, Taizen says, No.
Robin, Taizen says, Bearers actually have no resistances.
Robin, Taizen says, We have some different genes, but when broken down.
Robin, Taizen says, We're the same as a normal Non-Bearer genetically.
Robin, Taizen says, Barely differing from them.
Robin, Taizen says, If someone were to harness the power of genetic modification, which.. to this day, no one can.
Robin, Taizen says, Then nonBearers could become Bearers.
Yatogari, Izumo says, What you're saying is.. There's a gene that Bearers have that makes them Bearers?
Narcisse Villeneuve says, It makes sense, considering how quite a few Bearers are from specific families.
Robin, Taizen says, Yes.
Robin, Taizen says, There's a 'Bearer' gene.
Robin, Taizen says, There's only 20% of thew orld that's Bearer.
Robin, Taizen says, And 80% of them are non-Bearers.
Robin, Taizen says, Intellectual disabilities in children are also caused by chemical exposures, illness, injury, and trauma during birth.
Robin, Taizen says, Alcohol use during pregnancy can cause fetal alcohol syndrome.
Robin, Taizen says, Causing slowed cognitive development and distinct craniofacial features.
Robin, Taizen says, What other ways.
Kaspar Vanderbilt says, ...Hm.
Robin, Taizen says, Do you think cognition in a baby could occur?
Robin, Taizen says, Er.
Robin, Taizen says, The damage of it.
Robin, Taizen says, Before they are born.
Chunhua Hyojun says, ...Yes.
Robin, Taizen says, I'll give you an example.
Jacare says, Smoking?
Robin, Taizen says, Reduced oxygen delivery.
Chunhua Hyojun looks directly at Adrian.
Robin, Taizen says, Yes, smoking, Jacare.
Narcisse Villeneuve says, ..I think I saw an example today.
Zasha says, Look!
Yatogari, Izumo says, Damage to the body during development?
Narcisse Villeneuve says, A, er. Pregnant woman was struck in the stomach.
Naoki Kashigawa scratches his chin.

"Well, if it damages the development of their brain.. while it's forming. That could be near impossible to recover from. Yeah, I'd say it's more than possible.." He says..

Thinking about certain people.
Narcisse Villeneuve says, --Yeah.
Adrian says, . . .
Chunhua Hyojun says, ...
Adrian incinerates a pencil.
Narcisse Villeneuve sweats.
Thaqy gets him a new pencil.
Kishikami, Reo says, Huh?....
Naoki Kashigawa curls a hand into an arthur fist.
Zasha says, .. I hate the back of the class..
Luka Mephistoles says, . . .Same, to be honest.
Zasha says, Hm. We can go ask for someone to move.
Zasha says, I'll do it.
Zasha taps Jacare's shoulder.
Thaqy says, .....??????????
Jacare says, Mm...?
Chunhua Hyojun feels sick thinking about the blood.
Chunhua Hyojun shivers.
Robin, Taizen says, ..Mm?
Robin, Taizen says, You're right. A Pregnant woman struck in the stomach, can cause damage to the baby.
Kengo says, ...
Chunhua Hyojun says, Let's...not talk ab-
Chunhua Hyojun shivers again.
Robin, Taizen had no idea what happened.
He glances at Zasha though.
Zasha looks to the left, and then the right.
She was just observing the class. Luka didn't mention they were -late-.
She retracts back into herself and slowly drifts to the back.
Naoki Kashigawa says, .... wha.
Jacare says, ...?
Robin, Taizen says, So.
Adrian carves the sharpened nail of his index finger against the desktop, with agonizing resistance.
Robin, Taizen says, Delirium is a rapid fluctuation in cognitive function, reversible and caused by medical causes.
Robin, Taizen says, It can be caused by issues like pH disturbances, malnutrition, low blood sugar, infection, drug reactions, pain, and alcohol withdrawal.
Robin, Taizen says, Let's go into.
Robin, Taizen says, Questions.
Robin, Taizen says, The three steps in the information processing model are what?
Thaqy raises his hand.
Jacare raises his hand.
Robin, Taizen says, Yes, Thaqy?
Thaqy says, Isn't it four?
Robin, Taizen says, No.
Robin, Taizen says, There are three steps.
Robin, Taizen says, Jacare?
Naoki Kashigawa raises his hand.
Narcisse Villeneuve raised her hand, as well.
Jacare says, Well, darn. I was thinkin' along the same lines as Thaqy...
Robin, Taizen says, Naoki?
Naoki Kashigawa says, Sensation, encoding, and storage of stimuli. The model has four key components, but three steps.
Narcisse Villeneuve slowly lowered her hand.
Jacare says, Ah, I see.
Robin, Taizen says, Yes, indeed.
Robin, Taizen says, Correct Naoki.
Robin, Taizen says, Now.
Robin, Taizen says, What about this.
Luka Mephistoles whispers something.
Zasha whispers something.
Robin, Taizen says, An elderly man, taken to his doctor by his daughter, is noted to the doctor to have been speaking to his deceased wife for the past two days. His wife died four years ago, and prior to this, he was completely normal.
Luka Mephistoles whispers something.
Robin, Taizen says, The elderly man has what condition?
Narcisse Villeneuve raised a hand.
Naoki Kashigawa raises his hand.
Thaqy raises his hand.
Robin, Taizen says, Narcisse.
Narcisse Villeneuve says, Would it be Alzheimer's Condition, sir?
Thaqy says, That's purely speculative, without more information we can't diagnose that. He could be legitimately haunted for all we know, ghosts are real as hell.
Thaqy has GHOST SEEING GOGGLES.
Robin, Taizen says, It wouldn't be Alzheimer's.
Robin, Taizen says, Let's say this is a non-Bearer.
Robin, Taizen says, Naoki?
Zasha raises her hand.
She raises it up hard.
Narcisse Villeneuve says, Hrm.
Yatogari, Izumo slowly raised his hand.
Naoki Kashigawa says, . . . . It'd be one of the forms of Dementia. It has sub-categories, and it could be any of em, but he's experiencing mental degredation linked to age, and specifically memory based.
Robin, Taizen says, Mmm...
Robin, Taizen says, Not quite.
Robin, Taizen says, Zasha?
Robin, Taizen notes the tiger.
Zasha says, I apologize, I'm trying to help my friend next to me. I think he's very lost, what class is this?
Naoki Kashigawa thinks, We didn't cover any other mental disorders today, did we..?
Yatogari, Izumo says, . . .
Robin, Taizen says, This is Psychology 118.
Naoki Kashigawa says, ... I mean, if he wasn't previously normal, I'd think Schizophrenia, but that's not generally late onset...
Zasha lowers her raises a hand, hitting Luka with it, before moving to grab him, dragging the man off.

"I'm sorry..!"
Thaqy says, Delirium.
Yatogari, Izumo says, Delirium, I thi--
Robin, Taizen says, Izumo?
Robin, Taizen says, Yes. It's Delirium/
Robin, Taizen says, Remember to raise your hand though, Thaqy.
Thaqy had his hand raises.
Naoki Kashigawa says, Right, that...
Thaqy hates Taizen now.
Robin, Taizen says, Let's move on to the next topic.
Robin, Taizen says, Every day. We are faced with problems.
Robin, Taizen says, Many of these problems though, we solve without any real conscious thought about what is happening.
Naoki Kashigawa says, Mhrm..
Andrew Astraea picked up his bag and headed off to the meeting.
Robin, Taizen says, However, much like the typical scientific method, problem solving has a process.
Robin, Taizen says, We must first -frame- the problem.
Robin, Taizen says, Create a mental image or schematic of the problem.
Robin, Taizen says, Then, we generate potential solutions, and test them.
Robin, Taizen says, These potential solutions are derived from a mental set, which is the tendency to approach similar problems in the same way.
Robin, Taizen says, Once solutions are tested, we evaluate those results, considering other potential solutions that may have been easier or more effective in some way.
Robin, Taizen says, Problem solving can be impeded by an inappropriate mental set, or functional fixedness.
Robin, Taizen says, Consider this scenario.
Robin, Taizen says, You wal kinto a room, and see a box of matches.
Robin, Taizen says, Some tacks.
Robin, Taizen says, And a candle.
Robin, Taizen says, Your task is to mount the candle on the wall, so that it can be used without the wax dropping on the floor.
Robin, Taizen says, Try to solve this problem, class.
Robin, Taizen says, How would you do this?
Jacare raises his hand.
Robin, Taizen says, Jacare.
Naoki Kashigawa scratches his head.

"Is the room otherwise empty..?"
Narcisse Villeneuve slowly raised her hand.
Robin, Taizen says, It is empty.
Jacare says, Depending on how big the box of matches is. Empty the box, put the candle in it. Pin the box to the wall, and light the candle.
Robin, Taizen says, Genius, Jacare.
Robin, Taizen says, This proves you do not have functional fixedness.
Robin, Taizen says, Excellent work.
Narcisse Villeneuve slowly lowered her hand.
Robin, Taizen says, Functional fixedness is defined as the inability to consider how to use an object in a nontraditional manner.
Robin, Taizen says, You've shown you don't have this.
Robin, Taizen says, Which is -excellent- for -innovation-
Robin, Taizen says, -Hinting the reward-
Robin, Taizen says, In psychology, different approaches to problem solving include trial and error, algorithms, deductive reasoning, and inductive reasoning.
Robin, Taizen says, So what's trial and error.
Robin, Taizen says, Who can define it for me?
Jacare raises his hand.
Chunhua Hyojun rai-
Naoki Kashigawa raises his hand.
Robin, Taizen says, Jacare.
Jacare says, Attempting one thing after another to reach a solution. For example, the candle problem from earlier. You might try several different methods before finding one that works.
Jacare says, You take the failures, adjust them, and try again.
Robin, Taizen says, Exactly. Yes.
Robin, Taizen says, What about an algorithm?
Robin, Taizen says, What's an algorithm?
Jacare raises his hand again.
Robin, Taizen says, Jacare.
Yatogari, Izumo raised his hand.
Kaspar Vanderbilt lifts his hand.
Naoki Kashigawa lowers his hand and furrows his bushy brow.
Jacare says, Somethin' like a formula or a preset plan. You plug in different things into predetermined spots, and they give you answers based on what's put in.
Robin, Taizen says, Indeed.
Robin, Taizen says, Keep in mind it canbe either mathematical or a set of instructions.
Robin, Taizen says, Designed to automatically produce the desired solution.
Chunhua Hyojun raises their hand.
Robin, Taizen says, Deductive reasoning, top-down reasoning, starts from a set of general rules, and draws conclusions from the information given.
Robin, Taizen says, An example of deductive reasoning is a logic puzzle.
Robin, Taizen says, Chunhua, a question?
Chunhua Hyojun says, ....Oh, I was premptively...raising my hand, ha ha. Sorry.
Robin, Taizen says, Mm?
Robin, Taizen says, Come now, Chunhua.
Robin, Taizen says, Raise it when a question is asked.
Robin, Taizen says, But if you're so eager.
Robin, Taizen says, Define inductive reasoning for me.
Chunhua Hyojun says, Uh...tt. I don't know what inductive means, my Arcadian isn't...that good...
Kaspar Vanderbilt raises his hand.
Robin, Taizen says, Reo.
Naoki Kashigawa raises his hand.
Naoki Kashigawa raises his hand.
Kishikami, Reo says, Inductive reasoning is when somoenes experiences and observations are used to come up with an truth.
Robin, Taizen says, Hmm.
Ken raises his hand.
Robin, Taizen says, I'd like a more concrete answer.
Robin, Taizen says, Kaspar, can you help Reo?
Ken raises it slightly higher.
Naoki Kashigawa stays absolutely stone still, hand in the air.
Kaspar Vanderbilt says, Certainly. Since deductive reasoning starts from a set of general rules, I believe inductive reasoning is the opposite.
Robin, Taizen says, That is?
Yatogari, Izumo says, Taizen.. Could we just get the definitions so we could move along?
Kaspar Vanderbilt says, With inductive reasoning, the we look at the information, and then make a set of general conclusions based on what we found.
Yatogari, Izumo says, We're running late, with class.
Yatogari, Izumo stood up.

He was about to fall asleep if he didn't.
Robin, Taizen says, You're correct, Kaspar.
Robin, Taizen says, Yes, yes.
Robin, Taizen says, We're moving as fast a we can.
Naoki Kashigawa says, Mmm...
Robin, Taizen says, Let's go into heuristics.
Robin, Taizen says, We make decisions every day. Some of them are insignificant. Others are very important.
Ken lowers his hand.
Robin, Taizen says, Decision-making is a complicated process that we use a number of tools, such as heuristics, biases, intuition, and emotions to speed up that process.
Robin, Taizen says, Heuristics are simplified prnciples used to make decisions.
Robin, Taizen says, Called rules of thumb essentially.
Robin, Taizen says, The availability heuristic is used when we try to decide how -likely- something is.
Robin, Taizen says, The use of this heuristic leads us to a correct decision, but not always.
Robin, Taizen says, For example.
Robin, Taizen says, 'Are there more words in the Arcadian language that start with the letter "K" or that have "K" as their third letter?
Robin, Taizen says, Anyone have a guess?
Jacare says, Uh...
Narcisse Villeneuve raised her hand.
Kishikami, Reo says, K as a third letter?
Narcisse Villeneuve says, ..Oh. I was going to guess that, as well.
Naoki Kashigawa scratches his chin.

He shrugs. He's no living dictionary.
Naoki Kashigawa llifts his hand up a moment later.
Chunhua Hyojun says, ...
Robin, Taizen says, Mm.
Robin, Taizen says, Now, most people will respond that there are more words that begin with the letter "K".
Robin, Taizen says, But there are actually twice as many words with "K" as the third letter than those that begin with "K". So you're quite right.
Robin, Taizen says, But the availability heuristic here, doesn't work. As you can see.
Robin, Taizen says, You mostly relied on guessing yes?
Kishikami, Reo says, Yes I did
Narcisse Villeneuve says, Absolutely.
Robin, Taizen says, So it's just an evaluation of how likely something is.
Robin, Taizen says, The representative heuristic involves categorizing items on the basis of whether they fit a prototypical, stereotypical, or representative image of the category.
Naoki Kashigawa says, The only way you could apply Heuristic reasoning to this kind of question is if you already had a strong understanding of the structure of Arcadian and the probabilities and tendencies.
Robin, Taizen says, Indeed.
Robin, Taizen says, Let's go on to the next heuristic.
Robin, Taizen says, I want you to picture this.
Robin, Taizen says, A coin.
Robin, Taizen says, Flipped ten times.
Robin, Taizen says, And all of them are heads.
Robin, Taizen says, What's the probability of the coin landing on heads next time?
Kengo raises his hand.
Jacare raises his hand.
Naoki Kashigawa raises his hand.
Alexander says, *came
Yatogari, Izumo sat back down, now that he was feeling more awake.
Robin, Taizen says, Kengo?
Kengo says, Is it a normal coin? Are both sides heads? You only said "a coin".\
Robin, Taizen says, It could be a weighted coin, yes.
Robin, Taizen says, Let's assume, it is a normal coin.
Chunhua Hyojun raises their hand.
Kengo says, Fifty percent.
Robin, Taizen says, Right.
Robin, Taizen says, Mathematically, that's the probability.
Robin, Taizen says, Most individuals though, will overestimate the probability still, based on established patterns.
Robin, Taizen says, Using stereotypical factors, while ignoring actual numerical info, is called the 'base rate' fallacy.
Robin, Taizen says, Keep that in mind.
Robin, Taizen says, It'll appear on your Final.
Alexander has come back from AFK!
Naoki Kashigawa says, Right. What happened the last few times doesn't actually change the propability of the next time.
Robin, Taizen says, How many of you play chess?
Robin, Taizen says, This is the last part.
Robin, Taizen says, We're almost done.
Yatogari, Izumo says, Does Shogi count?
Robin, Taizen says, Raise your hand if you play or have played chess.
Robin, Taizen says, Let's go with Shogi, too.
Robin, Taizen says, It will count.
Yatogari, Izumo raised his hand.
Jacare raised his hand.
Naoki Kashigawa raises his hand once Shogi is mentioned.
Okita, Hiro raises his hand.
Narcisse Villeneuve side-glanced Jacare.
Ken raises his hand.
Okorafor Kheti raised his hand.
Chunhua Hyojun raises a hand.
Robin, Taizen says, So.
Robin, Taizen says, If you've played shogi, you know that you must think several moves ahead.
Robin, Taizen says, On any particular turn, there may be 15 or 20 possible moves.
Robin, Taizen says, Each of them may have multiple consequences.
Robin, Taizen says, There are -heuristics- though.
Kaspar Vanderbilt thinks, Oh...of course.
Robin, Taizen says, That rule out some possible moves.
Robin, Taizen says, For example.
Robin, Taizen says, The king must be protected.
Robin, Taizen says, So you must control the central squares.
Robin, Taizen says, Pieces should not be put in danger when possible.
Robin, Taizen says, In this way, it provides a more efficient, although sometimes inaccurate, method for problem solving.
Robin, Taizen says, That's it for class.
Robin, Taizen says, Dismissed.

-----------

Psych 118: Class 2

Robin, Taizen says, Let's go to learning psychology, shall we?
Marcus Astraea says, ...
Andrew Astraea says, Of course, sir.
Kishikami, Reo says, Exciting
Robin, Taizen says, So let's talk about bias and overconfidence.
Artorias thinks, That seems exceedingly invasive..
Robin, Taizen says, How many of you are familiar with the term bias?
Narcisse Villeneuve raised a hand.
Naoki Kashigawa raises his hand.
Robin, Taizen says, Narcisse.
Chunhua Hyojun whispers something.
Narcisse Villeneuve says, --Ah. Er. It's a bit hard to explain, but it's like when an individual favors their homeland over any other place, yes? But.. Applicable to other things. If that makes sense.
Chunhua Hyojun whispers something.
Robin, Taizen says, Correct. When a potential solution to a problem fails during testing, the solution is 'discarded', typically, due to disconfirmation principles.
Robin, Taizen says, In this case, -biases- though.
Robin, Taizen says, Are not preferential favorings but are tendencies to warp and fit information into one's own beliefs.
Artorias whispers something.
Robin, Taizen says, When you discard a solution  because it fails, this is called disconfirmation principle.
Chunhua Hyojun whispers something.
Robin, Taizen says, The presence of a confirmation bias though, may prevent an individual from eliminating a failed solution.
Robin, Taizen says, Confirmation bias is the tendency to focus on information that fits one's beliefs.
Robin, Taizen says, Rejecting info that goes against them, in a sense.
Robin, Taizen says, Confirmation bias contributes to overconfidence, or a tendency to erroneously interpret your decision.
Robin, Taizen says, The similar phenomenon of -belief perserverance- refers to the inability to reject a particular belief, despite clear evidence to the contrary.
Robin, Taizen says, Together, confirmation bias, overconfidence, and belief preserverance seriously impede analysis of available evidence.
Chunhua Hyojun says, ...Basically so much pride you can't see what you're doing is wrong....
Naoki Kashigawa says, Or letting your convictions in your religous or cultural beliefs blind you to provable facts, preventing change and growth.
Naoki Kashigawa says, Like in a Zealot.
Robin, Taizen says, Exactly.
Robin, Taizen says, Now, let's talk about intuition.
Robin, Taizen says, What is intuition, then?
Robin, Taizen says, Can anyone explain it to the class?
Naoki Kashigawa raises his hand.
Robin, Taizen says, Yes, Naoki?
Chunhua Hyojun thinks, Sariens of all stripes...need to live with belief preserverance.
Naoki Kashigawa says, It's something kinda like instinct. Your intuition is...  it's your gut, y'know? It's what your first impulse is, without thinkin' it through consciously.
Naoki Kashigawa says, It's what your subconscious offers up when a problem presents itself.
Chunhua Hyojun raises a hand.
Naoki Kashigawa says, It's something martial artists put a lot of time into honing to be 'correct' in battle, in fact.
Naoki Kashigawa says, And also that they put a lotta time into figurin' out how to trick others.
Robin, Taizen says, It's your gut, indeed.
Robin, Taizen says, It's perceptions not available by available evidence.
Robin, Taizen says, You 'feel' to be correct.
Robin, Taizen says, Not necessarily supported by evidence.
Robin, Taizen says, Chunhua, yes?
Chunhua Hyojun says, Ah, I was going to offer up my own answer. I think what seperates it from instinct, is intuition is something that can be trained in a way.
Chunhua Hyojun says, And can be developed through experience.
Naoki Kashigawa says, Can't your instincts, too? I know I've honed mine a good bit from childhood...
Robin, Taizen says, Perhaps, yes.
Robin, Taizen says, You're right.
Robin, Taizen says, It is developed through experience.
Artorias raises a hand.
Robin, Taizen says, For example, an emergency room physician, over the course of seeing thousands of patients with chest pain, can develop a keen sense of intuition to tell who's having a heart attack without even looking at it.
Robin, Taizen says, It is the recognition-primed detection model that can measure it.
Robin, Taizen says, A doctor's brain is sorting through wide varieties of information to match a pattern, and they gain extensive level of experience to access this storage  without their own awareness.
Robin, Taizen says, Yes, Artorias?
Artorias says, Isn't there a fine line between intuition and confirmation bias then? What someone may feel to be intuitive may just be something they concluded based on their own bias?
Robin, Taizen says, Possibly yes.
Robin, Taizen says, They sometimes clash.
Robin, Taizen says, Because your intuition may have some confirmation bias tied inherently to it.
Robin, Taizen says, Let's move on to emotion. Emotions are the subjective experiences of a person in a certain situation, and how they feel, which can influence their decision-making skills.
Robin, Taizen says, Emotions in decision-making are not limited to emotion experienced while the decision is being made, emotions that a person may expect to feel from a decision made is also involved.
Robin, Taizen says, For example, if a person believes buying a concubine will make them feel more powerful.
Robin, Taizen says, They'll buy a concubine.
Robin, Taizen says, As common in Chugokan culture.
Lorelei Loewe made her way wordlessly into the class, albiet a bit late, and sat down beside Hiro quietly. She looks rather exhausted.
Narcisse Villeneuve blinked.
Narcisse Villeneuve says, Er-.. Concubine, sir? That's still a thing in these days?
Naoki Kashigawa says, It's a sign of noble status to have multiple wives.
Narcisse Villeneuve says, It's indecent.
Kishikami, Reo says, For Arcadia it is.
Robin, Taizen says, In Chugoku TEnku.
Yatogari, Izumo says, For Chugoku, it isn't.
Robin, Taizen says, Teikoku and Shokoku.
Marcus Astraea closed his eyes. Ah yes, orientals.

He could see why Maximus disliked them.
Robin, Taizen says, Concubines are like a man's clothes, one might suppose...
Robin, Taizen says, So nobles, or affluent generals, will have multiple concubines.
Robin, Taizen says, With a wife.
Robin, Taizen says, ..These concubines could also be 'wives'.
Robin, Taizen says, Multiple wives, in a sense.
Robin, Taizen says, They are still treated well, but it is a polygamous relationship.
Robin, Taizen says, Rather than an Arcadian monogamous one.
Robin, Taizen says, Where a union is a man and a woman.
Adrian says, ...
Robin, Taizen says, Chugoku Tenku also does not mind the concept of homosexuality.
Robin, Taizen says, But homosexuality in Arcadia.
Robin, Taizen says, Is punishable with death.
Adrian thinks, Unthinkable.
Naoki Kashigawa says, .... Y'know, I wonder if there's ever been a woman with multiple husbands, in Chugokan history.
Naoki Kashigawa says, Y'know, the inverse of the usual.
Kishikami, Reo says, Good question.
Robin, Taizen thinks, A very Veturian thing.
Robin, Taizen says, No. Not in Chugoku Tenku.
Robin, Taizen says, But in a different country, it might be a thing.
Marcus Astraea says, Not to interrupt the lesson, Professor but we were discussing emotions?
Naoki Kashigawa leans back, stroking his chin.

This topic makes a scholar out of the rough hewn youth. He twirls the Fu-Manchu he will one day grow.
Robin, Taizen says, We've covered emotions, yes.
Robin, Taizen says, We'll be talking about multiple intelligence, and the famous 'IQ' test.
Chunhua Hyojun says, If your love is big enough.
Chunhua Hyojun says, And you can afford it.
Robin, Taizen says, So there's a debate concerning the definition of intelligence, in which we define multiple types of intelligence.
Chunhua Hyojun says, Why not have more than one wife or husband?
Robin, Taizen says, So intellectual functioning is a highly studied area of psychology, and we ask the question often, how it is defined.
Robin, Taizen says, What makes someone more intelligent than another.
Robin, Taizen says, And the currently most famous theory, is that there are seven defined types of intelligence.
Robin, Taizen says, Linguistic.
Robin, Taizen says, Logical-mathematical.
Robin, Taizen says, Musical.
Robin, Taizen says, Visual-spatial.
Robin, Taizen says, Bodily-kinesthetic.
Robin, Taizen says, Interpersonal.
Robin, Taizen says, And intrapersonal.
Yatogari, Izumo raised a hand.
Robin, Taizen says, Arcadian culture tends to value linguistic and logical-mathematical ability over the others.
Naoki Kashigawa says, I thought it was fluid and crystalized? Wait, no that was types of intellectual growth, not..
Robin, Taizen says, Traditional IQ tests--, yes Izumo?
Yatogari, Izumo says, Who was the one that came up with this theory?
Robin, Taizen chuckles gently.
Robin, Taizen says, I did.
Yatogari, Izumo says, Additionally, what is this theory call--
Yatogari, Izumo says, Oh, I see.
Narcisse Villeneuve raised a hand, squinting.
Robin, Taizen says, It's known as the Multiple Intelligence Theory.
Robin, Taizen says, Yes, Narcisse?
Narcisse Villeneuve says, When did you develop this theory?
Robin, Taizen says, Several years ago.
Robin, Taizen says, Perhaps fifty years ago. Sixty years ago.
Kishikami, Reo raises hand
Narcisse Villeneuve says, Have their been any more recent theories to rival yours?
Robin, Taizen says, Mmm.
Robin, Taizen says, Spearman's g-factor test is what challenges it.
Robin, Taizen says, Or the general intelligence factor.
Robin, Taizen says, Yes, Reo?
Kishikami, Reo says, what is bodily kinsthetic?
Yatogari, Izumo raised his hand.
Yatogari, Izumo slowly lowered his hand. There was a time for questions.
Marcus Astraea raised his own hand at that. "I think I know, if I may Professor."
Robin, Taizen says, Bodily-kinesthetic is intelligence that refers to a person's ability to process information physically through hand and body movement, control, and expression.
Robin, Taizen says, --Ah. Marcus. Apologies.
Robin, Taizen says, Did you want to describe it further?
Kishikami, Reo says, Thank you sir.
Marcus Astraea says, -Ah, no. That was what I was going to say myself.
Marcus Astraea says, Pardon me, Professor.
Andrew Astraea says, It's like perfecting a sport through practicing it, right, sir?
Andrew Astraea says, Like a perfect spike in Volleyball.
Robin, Taizen says, Indeed.
Robin, Taizen says, Correct.
Robin, Taizen says, So, let's talk about Spearman's factor then.
Robin, Taizen says, The g-factor is a general intelligence factor. A positive correlation that performance on different cognitive tasks is correlated is what spurred its development, measured by IQ tests.
Robin, Taizen says, A professor at Dusk Academy created the Dusk-IQ Test.
Robin, Taizen says, The IQ was equal to mental age divided by chronologicl age, times 100.
Robin, Taizen says, A four year old with intelligence abilities at the level of an average six year old, would then have aan IQ of 150.
Robin, Taizen says, Some, have argued it is a hereditary trait as well.
Robin, Taizen says, Intellectual ability -does- appear to run in families though.
Robin, Taizen says, Due to both genetics and the environment.
Robin, Taizen says, Parental expectations, socioeconomic status, and nutrition all correlate with intelligence.
Naoki Kashigawa says, .....
Narcisse Villeneuve slowly raised a hand.
Robin, Taizen says, Seems everyone knows this.
Robin, Taizen says, Hm.
Robin, Taizen says, Following Spearman's system.
Robin, Taizen says, He'd probably say.
Yatogari, Izumo says, Someone mentioned it out loud during your class..
Alexander says, Wha-
Robin, Taizen says, I have the chronological age of ...
Marcus Astraea says, -
Yatogari, Izumo says, So it'll just spread like wildfire.
Robin, Taizen says, 25 in this body.
Robin, Taizen says, Is that right..
Robin, Taizen says, 28.
Okita, Hiro thinks, . . .
Robin, Taizen says, Mentally, perhaps, I am 100?
Alexander says, Wait. . . what?!
Okita, Hiro says, Ehh?
Narcisse Villeneuve says, Thaqy mentioned it in the last class, for those of us that weren't there.
Robin, Taizen says, So I would have an IQ of 357.
Robin, Taizen says, Which is why I do not believe.
Robin, Taizen says, In an IQ.
Kishikami, Reo says, Very smart...
Robin, Taizen says, Ages can vary so drastically between us.
Robin, Taizen says, And it's not necessarily a showcasing of 'how smart' one is.
Robin, Taizen says, But how experienced one is.
Alexander says, So Wisdom over intelligence?
Robin, Taizen says, The average IQ is 100.
Marcus Astraea blinked. When did he miss this? And he figured, just by looking at the man he could see that he wasn't anywhere near old enough to have divised a theory just sixty years ag-

He's one hundred years old? How- What?

...Though, considering he is the Vice-Principal of Dawn, this shouldn't honestly be as surprising to him as it should be.
Robin, Taizen says, Because you will generally match your age.
Chunhua Hyojun raises a hand.
Robin, Taizen says, Yes, Chunhua?
Chunhua Hyojun says, Would you say bearers have different average IQ compared to non-bearers?
Naoki Kashigawa raises, and then lowers, his hand.

He seems to be frowning pensively.
Robin, Taizen says, I would say.
Robin, Taizen says, Non-Bearers tend to have a higher IQ.
Robin, Taizen says, This is because Bearers do not get many opportunities to learn mathematical skills, or linguistic ones.
Robin, Taizen says, Most Bearers become -fighters-.
Robin, Taizen says, And because they are -fighters-.
Robin, Taizen says, They lack the skills to do anything when they lose their powers.
Robin, Taizen says, And they are reduced to common jobs, like janitorial duties.
Robin, Taizen says, Your IQ would be 100, Alexander.
Alexander says, Oh okay. . .
Alexander says, Hmmm. . .
Lorelei Loewe thinks, Wonder what everyones is here.
Robin, Taizen says, So children who attend school tend to have greater increases in IQ.
Robin, Taizen says, That's why it's important that you attend school.
Chunhua Hyojun says, ....
Robin, Taizen says, Because.
Robin, Taizen says, Once you lose your essence.
Robin, Taizen says, You cannot ever regain it.
Robin, Taizen says, And living a normal life, may be something you'd like to do.
Robin, Taizen says, After all your fighting.
Robin, Taizen says, I know many of you.
Robin, Taizen says, Wish to become Generals in the future.
Robin, Taizen says, Important figures in war.
Robin, Taizen says, Learn to use your powers to fight and bring harm to those who would try to harm you.
Robin, Taizen says, But abuse of essence, is a problem in our world, and our society.
Robin, Taizen says, The -crimes- Bearers have done to Non-Bearers.
Robin, Taizen says, By regarding their lives as nothing.
Robin, Taizen says, I know will come back in the future.
Robin, Taizen says, In reverse-racism.
Naoki Kashigawa frowns, and raises a hand slowly.
Robin, Taizen says, Yes, Naoki?
Chunhua Hyojun raises a hand.
Naoki Kashigawa says, Isn't the whole point of systems like the schools, and the point of each nations military. For a nations bearers to protect that nations non-bearers.
Robin, Taizen says, It's true.
Robin, Taizen says, You're right.
Robin, Taizen says, But.
Robin, Taizen says, There are many Bearers who -don't- attend academies or schools.
Robin, Taizen says, Even though the schools -try- to accommodate.
Robin, Taizen says, Some are orphans, or some feel their powers are better used elsewhere.
Robin, Taizen says, They then kill people.
Robin, Taizen says, One of the -easiest- paths to power.
Robin, Taizen says, Is to kill others, ironically.
Naoki Kashigawa says, ... I mean, shit. I'm an Orphan. I'm still here. That ain't a valid excuse.
Robin, Taizen says, Bearers can sap non-Bearers of power.
Robin, Taizen says, Like vampires.
Chunhua Hyojun says, Tt.
Naoki Kashigawa says, .... The hell?
Robin, Taizen says, Ages ago, this is how Dracula gained his initial power.
Robin, Taizen says, Killing mass amounts of non-Bearers.
Robin, Taizen says, . . . Even the Perfect Gelel Stone.
Okita, Hiro says, . . .
Robin, Taizen says, Was created by sacrifice of thousands of non-Bearers.
Marcus Astraea says, ...Mass genocide, is it?
Andrew Astraea thinks, Disgusting. To take such human life..
Robin, Taizen says, Yes.
Robin, Taizen says, Perfect Gelel Stones are generally made.
Robin, Taizen says, By burying Imperfect Stones in graveyards.
Robin, Taizen says, And when enough souls have been sacrificed in a graveyard.
Robin, Taizen says, The Imperfect Stone ripens and becomes Perfect.
Marcus Astraea says, ...How are the imperfect ones made then, professor?
Robin, Taizen says, They are procured from the World Tree.
Alexander says, Wha-
Robin, Taizen says, --Ah we have questions to do.
Yatogari, Izumo says, How about we get back on topic?
Robin, Taizen says, And then we'll be done.
Robin, Taizen says, Let's do some questions, class.
Yatogari, Izumo raised his hand.
Chunhua Hyojun keeps their hand up.
Kengo says, ...
Robin, Taizen says, Yes Izumo?
Robin, Taizen says, Chunhua.
Robin, Taizen says, Alexander.
Naoki Kashigawa frowns, pensively leaning back. He enjoys battle, but-

This... sours his mood, to say the least.

"....I see. Still, that's... not how it's -supposed- to be. Strength is to be used to protect ones own. You hurt others, yes, but.." He sighs, and shakes his head. "Right, lesson... questions.."
Yatogari, Izumo says, What are the definitions to the seven types of intelligences?
Robin, Taizen says, So.
Robin, Taizen says, There's linguistic, or your ability to display a facility with language and words.
Robin, Taizen says, Then there's logical-mathetical. This area has to do with logic, abstractions, reasoning, numbers and critical thinking. This also has to do with having the capacity to understand the underlying principles of some kind of causal system.
Yatogari, Izumo thinks, I swear that this will be on the exam.
Robin, Taizen says, The core elements of the bodily-kinesthetic intelligence are control of one's bodily motions and the capacity to handle objects skillfully.
Robin, Taizen says, Then there's musical-rhythmic intelligence.
Robin, Taizen says, This area has to do with sensitivity to sounds, rhythms, tones, and music. People with a high musical intelligence normally have good pitch and may even have absolute pitch, and are able to sing, play musical instruments, and compose music. They have sensitivity to rhythm, pitch, meter, tone, melody or timbre.
Robin, Taizen says, The signs of having interpersonal intelligence.
Robin, Taizen says, Are characterized by an individual's sensitivity to others' moods, feelings, temperaments, motivations, and their ability to cooperate to work as part of a group.
Robin, Taizen says, Then there's the intrapersonal intelligence.
Robin, Taizen says, This area has to do with introspective and self-reflective capacities. This refers to having a deep understanding of the self; what one's strengths or weaknesses are, what makes one unique, being able to predict one's own reactions or emotions..
Robin, Taizen says, Chunhua?
Chunhua Hyojun says, Does essence affect the ability to learn? I noticed when you said bearers have lower IQ, it was because most don't...study, or try. Though those who do seem to be geniuses in cooking, techology, buisness, and more.
Chunhua Hyojun says, Tt, not essence, I mean bing a bearer.
Lorelei Loewe thinks, ..Does intrapersonal intelligence include being aware of a part of ones self that can terrifiy the individual?
Robin, Taizen says, Mmm.
Robin, Taizen says, No.
Robin, Taizen says, Essence has no effect on the ability to learn, as far as we understand.
Naoki Kashigawa raises his own hand.
Narcisse Villeneuve slowly raised her hand, as well.
Robin, Taizen says, Alexander.
Robin, Taizen says, Then Naoki.
Robin, Taizen says, Then Narcisse.
Yatogari, Izumo thinks, I have kendo club right now.
Yatogari, Izumo thinks, Why did Yoshiro put it at this time?
Alexander says, My question is a bit off topic, but . . .
Okita, Hiro keeps looking around as questions are being asked.
Alexander says, The divide between the Bearers and non-bearers, is that drawn from fear? It sounds like non-bearers have a grudge against bearers that isn't recipricated, but we're responsible for protecting the same lands that they live in, right?
Andrew Astraea thinks, Protecting them against other bearers, though.
Naoki Kashigawa grimaces.
Robin, Taizen says, It is drawn from fear.
Robin, Taizen says, Yes.
Robin, Taizen says, Bearers protect them.
Robin, Taizen says, But can also kill them just the same.
Robin, Taizen says, Many Non-Bearers have died actually, by collateral injury.
Robin, Taizen says, You have to be careful.
Robin, Taizen says, Especially with -large- attacks.
Naoki Kashigawa says, .... And well. It's hard -not- to be afraid of a dude who can -accidentally- kill you, easily.
Robin, Taizen says, You end up killing non-Bearers, unintentionally.
Robin, Taizen says, They're -fragile-.
Robin, Taizen says, See the desk you're at?
Robin, Taizen rose his fist.
He strikes the desk behind him.
Robin, Taizen says, With this amount of force.
Robin, Taizen says, You'd -kill- a non-Bearer.
Robin, Taizen says, Instantly.
Robin, Taizen says, Now.
Robin, Taizen says, Let's do questions.
Robin, Taizen says, A child plays with a tool set, noting that a nail can only be hit by a hammer.
Robin, Taizen says, A friend suggests the handle of a screwdrive be used like a hammer though.
Robin, Taizen says, The child objects to this.
Robin, Taizen says, What is this an example of?
Narcisse Villeneuve raised a hand.
Kishikami, Reo raises his hand
Naoki Kashigawa raises his han-
Robin, Taizen says, Narcisse.
Narcisse Villeneuve says, Would that be an example of bias, sir?
Narcisse Villeneuve says, Or- are these questions also taken from the previous class-
Yatogari, Izumo raised his hand.
Robin, Taizen says, No.
Robin, Taizen says, It's not an example of bias.
Robin, Taizen says, Questions are also taken from previous class.
Robin, Taizen says, Reo?
Narcisse Villeneuve sweats.
Kishikami, Reo says, I was going to say confirmation bias?
Robin, Taizen says, No.
Robin, Taizen says, Izumo?
Yatogari, Izumo says, Belief perserverance?
Naoki Kashigawa keeps his hand up.
Naoki Kashigawa lowers it when Izumo gives the answer he was going to.
Chunhua Hyojun raises a hand.
Robin, Taizen says, No.
Robin, Taizen says, Chunhua?
Naoki Kashigawa raises his hand again, coming to a realization.
Chunhua Hyojun says, Ah, a lack of...inducitive reason?
Chunhua Hyojun says, Funcitonl fixedness.
Robin, Taizen says, Make sure you work on your Arcadian, Chunhua.
Robin, Taizen says, I noticed you were stumbling with the words.
Robin, Taizen says, Let's do the next question.
Robin, Taizen says, A doctor uses a flow chart to treat a patient with sepsis. Given its use in problem solving, a flow chart is an example of a....
Yatogari, Izumo raised his hand.
Kishikami, Reo raises his hand
Robin, Taizen says, Izumo.
Yatogari, Izumo says, Cognitive development..?
Kengo raises his hand.
Robin, Taizen says, No.\
Naoki Kashigawa raises his hand.
Robin, Taizen says, Reo?
Kishikami, Reo says, Deductive reasoning?
Robin, Taizen says, No.
Robin, Taizen says, Kengo?
Kengo says, Schematic.
Narcisse Villeneuve raised her hand.
Robin, Taizen says, No.
Robin, Taizen says, Naoki?
Narcisse Villeneuve blinks, and lowered her hand.
Naoki Kashigawa says, It's an Algorithm, he's just writin' it out for himself as an aide.
Robin, Taizen says, You're correct.
Robin, Taizen says, It's an algorithm.
Robin, Taizen says, Let's say.
Marcus Astraea slowly writes all that down. It seemed to be things from the last class.
Robin, Taizen says, Someone believes that the sky is pink. Despite several trips outside, they still decare the sky is pink. What psychological principle does this represent?
Naoki Kashigawa raises his hand.
Yatogari, Izumo raises his hand.
Robin, Taizen says, Naoki.
Narcisse Villeneuve also raised her hand.
Naoki Kashigawa says, It's Belief Perserverence. Refusing to accept data that proves them wrong to hold a belief anyway.
Robin, Taizen says, Correct.
Robin, Taizen says, Dismissed.
Robin, Taizen says, Next week we'll go over Consciousness.
Yatogari, Izumo got up, and approached Taizen.
Robin, Taizen says, Consciousness-changing drugs.
Marcus Astraea says, .
Robin, Taizen says, And we'll try to get into language.

-------

Psychology 118 - Conciouness. Third Class.

Robin, Taizen allows his students to ask any questions they'd like to. When they were all done, putting aside their momentary curiosities, Taizen starts his lesson.

"Today, we'll be talking about consciousness. Our circadian rhythm. As well as the stages of sleep, with their EEG waveforms, and so forth. Our level of awareness, with the world, and our -existence- in the world around us."
He begins to write on the board.

"The accepted states of consciousness are alertness, sleep, dreaming, and altered states of consciousness. Technically, sleep and dreaming are also 'altered states', but we will consider these states separate from hypnosis, meditation, and drug-induced altered states."
He goes on.

"So, alertness, is a state of consciousness, in which we are awake, and able to think. In this state, we perceive, process, access information, and express information verbally. We also experience a certain level of physiological arousal, where our cortisol levels tend to be higher, and electroencephalogram waves indicate a brain in the waking state."

Resting against the desk, Taizen uses his hand to fan himself.

"..It's quite hot today."

Robin, Taizen --
"Alertness is maintained by neurological circuits in the prefrontal cortex, at the very front of our brains. Fibers, from the prefrontal cortex, communicate with the reticular formation, an eural structure located in our brainstem, to keep the cortex awake and alert.'

Taizen stated, half-turning to the class.

"Sleep, is important to consider, before any fight, and any examination that you may take. Long-term sleep deprivation is linked to diminished cognitive performance, as well as the development of chronic diseases, like the recently inflated diabetes in Shokoku. So, now we're going to move on, into the sleep state.

Sleep is studied by recording our brain wave activity, occurring during the course of a night's sleep. If you've heard of an EEG, developed by Dusk Academy fourty years ago, then you might be familiar with its technical workings, in which it records an average of the electrical patterns within different areas of the brain. There are four characteristic EEG patterns, correlated with different stages of waking and sleeping. Beta. Alpha. Theta. And Delta waves. There is a fifth wave, corresponding to 'Rapid Eye Movement' sleep, or REM sleep."

He paused.

"How many of you set alarms?"


Robin, Taizen says, Hyowei comes in a 24H clock.
Robin, Taizen says, So does Pandasonic.
Robin, Taizen says, But the Orange runs in 12H.
Robin, Taizen says, Does anyone have any thoughts on why this might be?
Naoki Kashigawa lifts a hand.
Robin, Taizen says, As a quick aside in regards of cultural context, when it comes to clocks and sleep.
Robin, Taizen says, Yes, Naoki?
Chunhua Hyojun raises a hand.
Anastasiya Baron nodded once, then twice. A good selection.
Naoki Kashigawa says, Cultural difference. Hyowei and Pandasonic are Shokokun and Teikokan. Orange is Arcadian.
Naoki Kashigawa says, Arcadia mostly uses the 12H clock, Chugoku's two halves mostly use the 24H.
Robin, Taizen says, Right.
Robin, Taizen says, Why do they use these clocks though?
Chunhua Hyojun keeps their hand raised.
Robin, Taizen says, why is there no one universal clock?
Robin, Taizen says, Chunhua.
Chunhua Hyojun says, Oh...Well, I was going to say in Chugoku, due to it being so mountanious having it be in twelve split hours is slightly harder. In Arcadia, even without the marker...since we're all on the same 'level'l I can look outside, and decide...if it's five PM or five Am based on the sun. In Chugoku, due to it rainign so often and the mountains...in one area the sun can look like it's setting.
Chunhua Hyojun says, ...While in the other it can still be 'bright'.
Chunhua Hyojun says, ...And likely becasue we both...came to develop our clocks seperately....because of these things...I think.
Narcisse Villeneuve slowly raised a hand.
Naoki Kashigawa says, ... And we both had our time systems deeply engrained long before we knew the other existed. It'd be way too awkward for either to adopt the others time system as universal by now.
Naoki Kashigawa says, Though I mean I always figured it was just, some scholar ages ago came up with it and an emperor made it law.
Narcisse Villeneuve slowly lowered her hand, deciding to not embarass herself.
Robin, Taizen chuckled.

"In Chugoku Tenku, you're right. It's been universal, due to the highly mountainous valleys. Now, back to the lesson then, shall we?"

He goes on.

"Beta and alpha waves characterize brain wave activity, when we are awake. Beta waves have a high frequency, occurring when we're alert, or attending to a mental task requiring concentration. Alpha waves occur when we are awake, but relaxing with our eyes closed. They're somewhat slower than beta waves. Once you doze off, you enter stage 1. It's detected on an EEG by the appearance of theta waves."

He goes ahead and projects the images of these waves.

- https://itsusync.com/images/deleta-theta-alpha-beta-gamma-brain-waves.jpg -
Robin, Taizen says, As you fall -more- deeply asleep, you enter Stage 2.
Robin, Taizen says, You will see theta waves, with sleep spindles and K complexes.
Robin, Taizen makes another image, projected.

- https://cdn.psychologytoday.com/sites/default/files/styles/amp_metadata_content_image_min_1200px_wide/public/blogs/693/2011/04/59030-52071.jpg?itok=ATwr6WFh -
Chunhua Hyojun thinks, I wonder if Taizen ever experienced a ture death reincarnation.
Robin, Taizen --
He goes on.
"Once you fall even more asleep, you enter Stage 3 and 4. They're called slow-wave sleep, or SWS. EEG activity grows progresively slower, until only a few sleep waves per second are seen. These low-frequency, high-voltage sleep waves are called delta waves. In SWS, it's very difficult to rouse someone from sleep. It's associated with cognitive recovery and memory consolidation, as well as increased growth hormone release."

Taizen states.

"This is the state one may be most vulnerable in, yet learn the most in. If you can never feel this type of security. This safety. You may never develop properly."

Naoki Kashigawa says, ....
Chunhua Hyojun raises a hand.
Lorelei Loewe thinks, That must be where the term 'sleep on it' comes from.
Robin, Taizen says, Yes, Chunhua?
Chunhua Hyojun says, Higher requencies, and faster ones mean you're at attention basically...does that mean Gamma is...when you're startled or...adrenaline is pumping?
Robin, Taizen says, You can assume so, yes.
Robin, Taizen says, When you are intensely focused.
Robin, Taizen says, Perhaps.
Robin, Taizen says, You will emit these gamma waves.
Robin, Taizen says, Those who can manipulate Gamma Waves.
Robin, Taizen says, Are limited though.
Robin, Taizen says, Whether by entering the Zone.
Robin, Taizen says, Or by using a Chakra.
Robin, Taizen says, That is how you forcibly activate them.
Okorafor Kheti says, Chakra?
Yatogari, Izumo says, Zone?
Chunhua Hyojun thinks, Why does Zone sound familiar....
Robin, Taizen says, A Chakra.
Robin, Taizen says, Refers to the use of the Hakujou Techniques.
Robin, Taizen says, Specifically, the Seven Chakras of the human body.
Naoki Kashigawa says, ... Huh...
Robin, Taizen says, Muladhara.
Robin, Taizen says, Svadhisthana.
Robin, Taizen says, Ajna.
Robin, Taizen says, And so forth.
Chunhua Hyojun says, Like some sort of...
Chunhua Hyojun says, Adrenaline Focus.
Robin, Taizen says, Perhaps, yes.
Lorelei Loewe thinks, Taizen had to contest the chakra fighting Oda, then.
Robin, Taizen --
"So Stages 1 through 4 are all apart of NREM sleep. Non-rapid eye movement. Rapid eye movement sleep is interspersed between cycles of the NREM sleep stages. In this stage, arousal levels reach that of wakefulness, but the muscles are paralyzed. It's called paradoxical sleep, as well, since one's heart rate, breathing rate, and EEG mimic wakefulness, but the individual is still asleep. Dreaming most likely occurs in this stage as well, associated with memory consolidation."

He goes across the room now, going over information for them to memorize for theire test.

"A sleep cycle, refers to our single complete progression through all the sleep stages. The makeup of a sleep cycle can change during the coures of the night, as SWS could predominate, as the brain goes into deep sleep first, before it enters wakeful states, such as REM sleep. Over the lifespan, the length of -one- sleep cycle changes. It' 50 minutes in children, to 90 minutes in adults."

Chunhua Hyojun thinks, Did he use the term cycle for himself...
Chunhua Hyojun thinks, On purpose?
Chunhua Hyojun says, ...NREM?
Chunhua Hyojun says, Non-rapid eye movement...
Chunhua Hyojun thinks, I'm writing down what these things stand for....
Chunhua Hyojun says, ....So, if you...dreamed and you weeren't in paradoxical sleep...would you move?
Robin, Taizen --
"Our daily circle of waking and sleeping is regulated by internally generated rhythms, or circadian rhythms."
Robin, Taizen says, If you dreamed, and weren't in a paradoxical sleep.
Robin, Taizen says, Perhaps.
Robin, Taizen says, This is a curse I've heard of, actually.
Okorafor Kheti says, I was designin a Sleep Curse, actually. Or at least a mental world curse.
Chunhua Hyojun says, Do...do any of these things change depending on if someone is a Sarien or Lycan?
Naoki Kashigawa says, Hrm. There's a thought.
Robin, Taizen says, Of course, they do a bit.
---------------
Circadian Rhythm - IMPORTANT
Robin, Taizen claps his hands together.
"Pay attention to this part. It's quite important you understand the circadian rhythm."
Robin, Taizen says, The circadian rhythm approximates a 24-hour cycle, somewhat affected by external cues, like light.
Yatogari, Izumo flipped the page.

It got it's own section in his notes.
Naoki Kashigawa says, .... Hrm.
Robin, Taizen says, Biochemical signals, underlie these circadian rhythms... and our sleepiness can be attribued to blood levels of melatonin.
Robin, Taizen says, A serotonin-derived hormone from our pineal gland.
Robin, Taizen says, Our retina, directly connected to the hypothalamus, controls the pineal gland, so a decrease in light, can cause the release of melatonin.
Robin, Taizen says, Coritsol, a steroid hormone produced by our adrenal cortex, slowly increases during early morning, due to increasing light, causing release of corticotropin releasing factor, or CRF.
Robin, Taizen says, CRf, will cause the release of adrenocorticotropic hormone.
Robin, Taizen says, Or, commonly called, ACTH.
Robin, Taizen says, From the anterior pituitary gland.
Robin, Taizen says, Following?
Jacare says, So far so good.
Chunhua Hyojun says, ...
Chunhua Hyojun thinks, Ah, I see..
Chunhua Hyojun says, Okay.
Lorelei Loewe nods.
Robin, Taizen says, Then, there is dreaming.
Robin, Taizen says, So many.
Robin, Taizen says, Have philosophized what dreaming is about.
Robin, Taizen says, The purpose.
Robin, Taizen says, Meaning.
Robin, Taizen says, Its function.
Robin, Taizen says, Manilans, in ancient times, belived they were messages from a supernatural world, to tell of future events.
Robin, Taizen says, Arcadians, in ancient times, believed they carried messages from the Gods, but required priests or the Pope to interpret.
Robin, Taizen says, Dreams are a subject of wonder, still today.
Robin, Taizen says, Most dreaming occurs during REM; however, when we enter Stage 2 sleep, we enter... a dreamlike sleep.
Robin, Taizen says, While we don't understand dreams fully..
Robin, Taizen says, A few theories are proposed.
Robin, Taizen says, Let's go over them.
Robin, Taizen says, The activation-synthesis theory, our first theory, states that dreams are caused by widespreead, random activation of neural circuitry. The activation can mimic incoming sensory information and may also consist of pieces of stored memories, current and previous desires, met and unmet needs, and other experiences, stitched unrelatedly to each other into a dream that is...
Robin, Taizen says, Bizarre.
Robin, Taizen says, Or familiar.
Robin, Taizen says, So.
Robin, Taizen says, Who would like to give the class an example of a dream that could be made, from this theory?
Jacare raises his hand.
Robin, Taizen says, Jacare. Go ahead.
Jacare says, You could have a dream about becoming champion. Standing over the defeated opponent you've never seen, belt held up high...only for it to slip away...As it falls to the ground and you reach for it, you fall too, into a hole...into nothingness...
Jacare says, Ironically, I've had that one like, twice this week...
Robin, Taizen says, Mm.
Robin, Taizen says, Naoki, what about you?
Yatogari, Izumo raised his hand.
Naoki Kashigawa says, .... Hrm. Well. I have a lot of dreams about... well.
Naoki Kashigawa says, The night I became an Orphan, but changed. Like. Versions where I'm all grown up already and can fight.
Naoki Kashigawa says, Stuff like that.
Naoki Kashigawa says, Or being chased through the village.
Naoki Kashigawa says, Traumatic events from your past warped by your experiences since, all... mixed up.
Robin, Taizen says, Indeed.
Robin, Taizen says, Now, what about this type of dream theory.
Robin, Taizen says, The problem-solving dream theory.
Yatogari, Izumo slowly lowered his hand.
Robin, Taizen says, Which states dreams are a way ot solve problems, while you sleep.
Robin, Taizen says, You discern ways to interpret obstacles differently, than during waking hours.
Robin, Taizen says, And you learn to solve an issue.
Robin, Taizen says, Through your imagination.
Robin, Taizen says, Izumo.
Robin, Taizen says, Do you have an example of such?
Yatogari, Izumo says, I.. I can try best at one, I suppose.
Yatogari, Izumo says, Perhaps, in reality, you may try to dodge a bullet altogether. But, in your dream, the bullet from a gun travels much slower.. And you, instead, attempt to figure out how to richochet it back?
Yatogari, Izumo says, At least, that's what I'm understanding, from your explanation.
Jacare raises his hand.
Yatogari, Izumo says, But, maybe I'm just not quite understanding it..
Robin, Taizen says, Mm. Let's go with Jacare.
Chunhua Hyojun raises a hand.
Yatogari, Izumo thinks, Am I taking it too literally?
Adrian raises his hand.
Jacare says, I've had something like this happen, actually. I fought...someone when I was younger, and I'd always lose. And I'd dream and the same things would happen. But once...In the dream, I saw the fight differently. I noticed things about him, a slight limp, weaknesses that I hadn't. I stopped attacking him head on, picked him apart at range. In my dream, I was quicker than him, so I didn't try and match strength for strength. I tried it in real life and had...more success, but I still didn't win. But I realized that adaptability is important.
Yatogari, Izumo thinks, I don't think I understand this theory, at all.
Robin, Taizen says, Right.
Robin, Taizen says, Adrian?
Robin, Taizen says, Would you like to propose?
Adrian says, Going to sleep wondering what you want to eat for dinner the next day.
Adrian says, Waking up with a constructed dish in mind.
Robin, Taizen says, Very basic, but perfect answer.
Robin, Taizen says, Indeed.
Robin, Taizen says, Now, let's talk about the cognitive process dream theory.
Robin, Taizen says, That dreams are merely the sleeping counterpart of stream-of-consciousness.
Robin, Taizen says, The consciousness quickly shifts around the topic of your dream in this theory.

Robin, Taizen says, There are a couple of sleep-wake disorders, that may be useful to think about.
Robin, Taizen says, Dyssomnias are disorders, that make it hard to fall asleep.
Robin, Taizen says, Including insomnia. Narcolepsy. And sleep apnea.
Robin, Taizen says, Parasomnias are abnormal movement behaviors, like night terrors or sleeping walking.
Robin, Taizen says, Most of these occur during NREM.
Robin, Taizen says, Do any of you suffer from insomnia?
Yatogari, Izumo says, I do.
Naoki Kashigawa shakes his head.
Anastasiya Baron says, Sometimes.
Jacare says, Depends. Is insomnia strictly you CAN'T sleep or you don't want to?
Robin, Taizen says, Insomnia is difficulty falling asleep, or staying asleep.
Robin, Taizen says, It is the most common sleep-wake disorder, and is likely more so that you -can't- sleep.
Robin, Taizen says, Rather than not wanting to.
Jacare says, Ah.
Yatogari, Izumo says, Indeed.
Robin, Taizen says, Narcolepsy, in contrast, is a condition characterized by lack of control over when sleep onsets.
Robin, Taizen says, Unique symptoms of narcolepsy include cataplexy, a loss of muscle control, and an intrusion of REM sleep during your waking hours, usually triggeed by emotions perhaps.
Robin, Taizen says, Sleep Paralysis ,can also be included in narcolepsy.
Robin, Taizen says, A sensation of being unable to move, while being awake.
Robin, Taizen says, For example.
Robin, Taizen --
Raising his hand, Taizen makes his way over to Artorias.
"Do you mind if I try this on you, Artorias?"
Lorelei Loewe looks towards her cousin curiously.
Anastasiya Baron looked at the chariot master next to her.
Jacare says, If he does, I don't.
Chunhua Hyojun says, Hm...
Narcisse Villeneuve says, Same here, as well.
Robin, Taizen says, Very well.
Robin, Taizen says, Jacare.
Robin, Taizen says, I'll show you what it's like, to be in true sleep paralysis then.
Jacare says, !
Upitiria Jun-Su says, --
Chunhua Hyojun says, ...
Jacare says, You can do that? Interesting. Should I stand up, or...?
Adrian thinks, Damn, I should have volunteered.
Adrian thinks, No, I'll definitely get my turn.
Robin, Taizen --
Shaking his head, Taizen induces the technique, from afar. By making eye contact with Jacare, it is initiated, a technique highly reminiscent of the Sharingan. Originally derived from such Doujutsu, a deeper understanding of the fluctuation of essence and mana has enabled Taizen the authority to control the waves of Jacare's brain. From the currently beta state they were in, they are slowly reduced to alpha, to delta. They slow down, but he notices nothing different.

His muscles cannot move of his own volition.
He imagines the rest, filling in the gaps of knowledge with his vivid imagination, rather than relying on the reality he is in.

To him, he has never fallen asleep.
Instead, he imagines whatever excuse Taizen might make, to excuse him out of it, as everyone in class continues the lesson. It is translated, into such a way, that Jacare's own knowledge and theories, have been put out to him.

To the rest of the class, something different is happening.

"Jacare is now in a state of hynopompic hallucination, as well as sleep paralysis."
Robin, Taizen says, While it cannot be held for a long period of time.
Robin, Taizen says, The maximum duration being about a full minute.
Robin, Taizen says, This is a simple technique.
Robin, Taizen says, That you can do with psychology.
Narcisse Villeneuve slowly raised a hand.
Robin, Taizen says, Yes. Narcisse?
Narcisse Villeneuve says, ..Can you teach us this?
Robin, Taizen says, If you truly understand the material.
Robin, Taizen says, You'll naturally learn how to perform this technique.
Naoki Kashigawa says, Hoh.....
Robin, Taizen says, As with all of the classes at Dawn.
Naoki Kashigawa says, I see...
Narcisse Villeneuve says, ..Naoki, I'm going to ace this class.
Narcisse Villeneuve says, Then? I will force you into sleep paralysis.
Naoki Kashigawa says, ???
Naoki Kashigawa says, What have I ever done to you except train, support, and help you?
Yatogari, Izumo says, Taizen?
Robin, Taizen says, Yes, Izumo?
Yatogari, Izumo says, We're supposed to learn how to perform techniques in our classes?
Yatogari, Izumo says, Cody is just handing out money..
Robin, Taizen says, In a few of them.
Robin, Taizen says, They can teach you.
Robin, Taizen says, But Cody ... Well.
Robin, Taizen says, Cody doesn't know how to use techniques that apply the concepts.
Naoki Kashigawa says, ?
Adrian adjusts his rims, studying Jacare's reaction carefully.
Robin, Taizen says, Extenuating circumstances.
Yatogari, Izumo says, Could you showcase them, after class?
Naoki Kashigawa says, I see. Meanwhile, Dark Arts is mostly techniques.
Yatogari, Izumo says, I'd like to learn.
Robin, Taizen says, It's apart of the material.
Robin, Taizen says, You'll naturally learn.
Robin, Taizen says, It has nothing to do with it being a 'technique'.
Robin, Taizen says, You'll click.
Naoki Kashigawa says, But, that's fascinating. I see...
Robin, Taizen says, If you understand the concepts.
Yatogari, Izumo says, Yessir.
Okorafor Kheti says, So it's basically staring so hard at someone that they pass out?
Okorafor Kheti says, Works for me.
Okorafor Kheti says, I can stare at someone so hard that they die, so I'm ggame.
Robin, Taizen says, Let's continue.
Yatogari, Izumo thinks, I was thinking showcasing things that apply the concepts..
Robin, Taizen says, Sleep apnea is an inability to breathe during sleep. People with this disorder awaken throughout the night in order to breathe.
Naoki Kashigawa says, ... That sounds terrible.
Robin, Taizen says, Obstructive or central, they can be, and obstructive sleep apnea occurs when a physical blockage in the pharynx or tachea prevents airflow, while central sleep apnea involves the failure of your central nervous system.
Jacare head had slumped slightly, his eyes drooping low. He sat like that for almost a minute, missing most of what happened in that time frame. He suddenly jerked hard, sitting upright and slamming his palms on the desk in front of him.

"HOLY SHIT!"

He realized that he had shouted, looking embarrassed. "Ok, wow. That is awful..."
Robin, Taizen says, ...
Robin, Taizen thinks, Jacare reminds me of someone.
Kengo says, ...
Narcisse Villeneuve stared at Jacare, put a finger to her lips- "Shhh. You're interrupting class."
Robin, Taizen thinks, The person who held the Mind's Eye.
Robin, Taizen thinks, I've forgotten his name.
Robin, Taizen thinks, Perhaps they're related in some very distant way.
Chunhua Hyojun says, Huh.
Lorelei Loewe says, Are you alright, Jacare?
Jacare says, I uh...I think so.
Chunhua Hyojun says, ....Reminds me of that time.
Chunhua Hyojun says, ...I was cut in half.
Chunhua Hyojun says, For a moment I couldn't do anything...
Naoki Kashigawa says, I'm pretty astonished a condition like that isn't lethal.. or at least hugely destructive to someone's development. We -need- sleep. Badly..
Jacare says, How long was I out...?
Lorelei Loewe says, A minute or so.
Jacare says, ?!
Jacare says, But it felt like AGES...
Yatogari, Izumo says, I apologize for that, Chunhua.
Yatogari, Izumo says, I thought you'd be able to handle it, truthfully..
Okorafor Kheti says, Hm.
Robin, Taizen --
He has to go quickly now.
"Now, night terrors, common in children, are periods of intense anxiety, occuring during slow-wave sleep. Night terrors are amongst the most -common- curses that a necromancer can impart on an individual. Children thrash, scream, and shown signs of sympathetic overdrive. They usually occur in SWS, and it's difficult to awaken someone experiencing this.

Then, there's sleepwalking. It's also called somnambulism. You can eat, talk, have sexual intercourse, or -even- travel great distances while sleeping, without any recollection. Awakening a sleepwalker will not harm the person. It is generally suggested to quietly guide them to their bed though, to avoid disturbing their SWS cycle."

Humming, he looked up at the ceiling.

"Sleep deprivation can result from as little as one night without sleep, or from multiple nights with poor quality sleep. Extreme deprivation can cause psychosis. While one does not make up for lost sleep, people who are permitted to sleep normally after sleep deprivation often exhibit REM rebound, an earlier onset and greater duration of REM sleep compared to normal."
Okorafor Kheti says, Is there also a skill for telepathic communication?
Andrew Astraea thinks, Interesting.
Naoki Kashigawa says, Huh. So, basically...  if you've neglected your sleep for a while, eventually you just.
Yatogari, Izumo says, Huh, you actually can't catch up on sleep?
Naoki Kashigawa says, Pass out fast as hell.
Narcisse Villeneuve says, ..Er. Is it possible to remove the need to sleep?
Chunhua Hyojun says, So...they have more....'deep' sleep, through REM...despite not making it up...
Yatogari, Izumo says, Is there a way to make the body think it actually is lacking more sleep than it actually is?
Robin, Taizen says, To remove the need to sleep?
Robin, Taizen says, If you were to do that...
Robin, Taizen says, ..Well your body always needs sleep.
Robin, Taizen says, Sleep is a turning off stage.
Robin, Taizen says, If your body were always on.
Robin, Taizen says, It would never get rest.
Robin, Taizen says, And that would mean your body would always be in high-stress.
Robin, Taizen says, Ultimately.
Robin, Taizen says, You'd die.
Chunhua Hyojun says, Even through...medical techniques, lycan regeneration and..
Chunhua Hyojun says, other such things?
Robin, Taizen says, Those aren't very healthy for you.
Robin, Taizen says, In the long-term.
Narcisse Villeneuve says, Well.. Why does the body need to be 'turned off?'
Yatogari, Izumo says, And, is there such a way to make someone's body feel like it requires more sleep than it does?
Robin, Taizen says, Easily so, Izumo.
Narcisse Villeneuve says, We gain energy through eating, breathing, and the sort- yes? So, why is sleep necessary?
Yatogari, Izumo says, I see.
Robin, Taizen says, Consolidation of our memories. Of our muscle memory. To learn the skills in life.
Robin, Taizen says, Let's say you as a human did not sleep.
Robin, Taizen says, You would never truly master any techniques.
Narcisse Villeneuve says, Huh.
Jacare says, Retention. We retain things while we sleep, right?
Robin, Taizen says, Correct.
Robin, Taizen says, We'd ideally consolidate that information.
Robin, Taizen says, And put it into our long-term memory.
Robin, Taizen says, Through our hippocampus.
Robin, Taizen --
"..Now. Let's go over hypnosis."
They now go overtime.

"Hypnosis, is deifned as a state in which a person appears to be in control of his or her normal functions, is in a highly suggestible state. Hypnosis starts with hynptoc induction, in which the hypnotist relaxes their subject, and increases their level of concentration. Then, the hypnotist can suggest perceptions or actions to the hypnotized person. Hypnosis -has- been successfully used for pain control, therapy, memory enhancement, weight loss, and smoking cessation, and brain imaging states that they are indeed real. Effective hypnosis requires a willing personality and a lack of skepticism on the part of the patient though."

A particular Hakujou is a master of this technique.
Psyche 4
Robin, Taizen glanced at Andrew, for the briefest of seconds.
Then, he looks at Siegfried.

"You mean tryptocain? It's not an issue if you shadow."
Robin, Taizen says, We will be talking about tryptocain.
Robin, Taizen says, And we will be talking about the effects it has on some groups of individuals.
Robin, Taizen says, Primarily, low-income households.


Robin, Taizen --
"..For starters though. Today, we'll be going over basic depressants, to start with. Alcohol. Alcohol is a depressant, that reduces our nervous system activity, resulting in a sense of relaxation and reduced anxiety. Alcohol is the most common depressant, which increases the activity of the GABA receptor, a chloride channel that hyperpolarizes the membrane. It causes generalized brain inhibition, resulting in diminished arousal at moderate doses, as well as less inhibited behavior because the parts of the brain that would normally prevent inappropriate behaviors are also depressed. They also increase dopamine levels, making us quite happy."

He paused.
"At higher doses, brain activity becomes even more disrupted, where logical reasoning and motor skills are affected. Alcohol myopia is the inability to recognize consequences of one's own actions, implicated in many shootings and killings, especially in Bearer society, where at the slightest hint of insult, you could be set off."

Robin, Taizen says, Alcohol is the most widely used and abuse drugs.
Robin, Taizen says, Alcoholism rates tend to be very high, in Manila especially.


Robin, Taizen --
"Right. Indeed. There's another syndrome, called Wernicke-Korsakoff Syndrome, which is a brain disorder that can be derived from alcoholism. It can cause severe memory impairment, with changes in mental status, and a loss of motor skills. Then, there's barbiturates and benzodiazepines."

"Barbiturates are used as anxiety-reducing drugs and sleep medications, but have been replaced two years ago, recently so, by benzodiazepines, which are less prone to overdose. Barbitures include amobarbital and phenobarbital; benzodiazepenes include diazepum, alprazolam, lorazepam, and clonazepam. These drugs can be highly addictive. And if taken with alcohol... they can quite literally result in death."

Robin, Taizen says, Indeed.
Robin, Taizen says, Alcohols affect Bearers and non-Bearers the exact same way.
Robin, Taizen says, Bearers may have a higher alcohol tolerance, though.
Robin, Taizen says, Than most Non-Bearers may.
Robin, Taizen says, Furthermore, they affect Lycanus far differently.
Robin, Taizen says, Lycanus tend to be much more aligned with their animal-side when it comes to alcohol and drug-influences.
Robin, Taizen says, Lower thresholds, and so forth.
Robin, Taizen says, Indeed.
Robin, Taizen says, There tend to be different doctor types.
Robin, Taizen says, Veterinary work can come closer to Lycanus-treatments than typical doctor ones.

Robin, Taizen --
"Now. Let's go to stimulants. Stimulants, tend to cause an increase in arousal of the nervous system. Each drug increases the frequency of our action potentials, doing so by different mechanisms."

He goes on.
"Now, amphetamines, cause increased arousal by increasing the release of dopamine, norepinephrine, and serotonin at the re-uptake point at a synaptic cleft, and decreases the re-uptake of those neurotransmitters, causing overstimulation of neurons, and this increases our arousal, reducing our need for sleep, and reducing our appetite."

Robin, Taizen says, Physiologicla effects include increases in our heart rate and blood pressure.
Robin, Taizen says, And psychological effects include hypervigilance, anxiety, and so forth.

Robin, Taizen says, Tryptocain.
Robin, Taizen says, Is a type of amphetamine.
Robin, Taizen says, That causes illusions of grandeur.
Robin, Taizen says, Prolonged use of high doses of amphetamines can result in stroke or brain damage.
Robin, Taizen says, Users often suffer from withdrawal, after discontinuation.
Robin, Taizen says, Once you use Tryptocain.

Robin, Taizen says, Originating from the Purple Orchid Family.
Robin, Taizen says, You become addicted.
Robin, Taizen says, Upon the first use.
Robin, Taizen says, Tryptocain does -not- work on a Bearer though.
Robin, Taizen says, It stimulates parts of the Brain that a Bearer regularly has active.
Robin, Taizen says, So when a Bearer takes this drug, they do not experience anything different.
Robin, Taizen says, Because this is the constant state of our mind.

Robin, Taizen says, For a non-Bearer, who has never experienced this though.
Robin, Taizen says, The stimulation is far too much.
Robin, Taizen says, And it's very pleasurable.
Robin, Taizen says, Yes, Chunhua?

Chunhua Hyojun says, Uh...what's that part of the brain...and is it the same with lycans and sariens?
Chunhua Hyojun thinks, Wait, is it like a dopamine?
Robin, Taizen says, The part of the brain is our temporal lobe.
Robin, Taizen says, It also has a generalized effect on all parts of our brain, even our occipital lobe.
Robin, Taizen says, Naturally, it must confuse all of those senses, in order for it to work appropriately.
Robin, Taizen says, For Lycanus and Sariens, it's the same.
Robin, Taizen says, Though, Lycanus, if they take this drug, can be affected.
Narcisse Villeneuve slowly raised a hand, staring at Taizen.
Robin, Taizen says, Because they use natural energy instead of essence, they can still initiate such grandeur.
Robin, Taizen says, Sariens, are relatively immune to this influence though.
Robin, Taizen says, Yes, Narcisse?
Robin, Taizen says, ...Mm...
Robin, Taizen says, Perhaps we are.
Robin, Taizen says, This is just our regular state though.
Robin, Taizen says, The regular stimulated state of a Bearer's brain and non-Bearer's brain is different.

Lorelei Loewe says, Isn't it our norma-- Yeah.
Naoki Kashigawa says, But as proven by Subutai-san and a few others, that doesn't mean we can't be affected by other drugs that -don't- stimulate that specific thing.
Naoki Kashigawa thinks, The Crackhead in Chief.
Naoki Kashigawa says, Sometimes detrimentally, as he mentioned it interfering with some of his clans abilities at their highest level.
Robin, Taizen says, Correct.
Robin, Taizen says, Let's go over the next drug.
Robin, Taizen says, Cocaine.
Robin, Taizen says, Can anyone explain to the class what cocaine is?
Jacare says, ...
Narcisse Villeneuve raised a hand.
Mugenjin, Yato says, Cocaine..?
Naoki Kashigawa lifts a hand.
Lorelei Loewe thinks, When.. I use my technique to alter my super ego, does that effect part of a bearers mind, or is it unrelated?
Robin, Taizen says, Narcisse.
Robin, Taizen says, Explain cocaine.
Narcisse Villeneuve says, ..Cocaine is, er. Colloquially known as coke, a popular recreational drug. It's a stimulant. It can be snorted, inhaled as a smoke, dissolved and injected into a vein, and so forth. It increases your heart rate, induces sweating, and causes an enlarging of the pupils.
Mugenjin, Yato says, So why do people use it..?
Narcisse Villeneuve says, Users can experience a, err.. Sense of disassociation, alongside intense feelings of happiness or agitation. In short, it's a hell of a drug, Mister Taizen.
Adrian says, ...
Robin, Taizen says, Right.
Marcus Astraea pauses in his note taking to narrow his eyes. The usage of the word 'hell' and drugs only cemented Marcus opinions.

Truly, the work of the Devil. Manilla really was a hellhole even more than he thought. Would it become as bad as Huevo if left alone...?

Perhaps Thaqy wasn't as crazy as he thought.
Robin, Taizen says, Cocaine is purified from the coca plant, grown in the high altitude regions of Huevo del Diablo.
Robin, Taizen says, It's typically purified by those leaves.
Kishikami, Reo looks to the back of Narcys head. She seemed suspiciously familiar with coke
Robin, Taizen says, The effects of cocaine intoxication and withdrawal are similar to amphetamines, and have high anesthetic, and vasoconstrictive properties.
Robin, Taizen says, It's used in surgeries, occasionally, in highly vascularized areas, such as the neck, nose, or throat.
Robin, Taizen says, -Crack-.
Robin, Taizen says, Is the form of cocaine that can be smoked.
Robin, Taizen says, Quick and potent effects, it is highly addictive, and is the most common drug in Manila Oukoku.

Robin, Taizen says, Yes, Chunhua?
Chunhua Hyojun says, Would it...be okay to assume drugs you can build a resistance to, and stimulants are the worst kinf of drugs for bearers?
Chunhua Hyojun says, ...When it comes to addiction, anyway.

Robin, Taizen says, Indeed, yes.
Robin, Taizen says, Now, before we call off for today.
Robin, Taizen says, Let's learn about Ecstasy.
Robin, Taizen says, Also known as MDMA.
Robin, Taizen says, 3-4, methylenedioxy-N-methylamphetamine.
Thaqy thinks, ????????????? Is this chemistry class?
Robin, Taizen says, It's also called 'E'.
Chunhua Hyojun thinks, E.
Robin, Taizen says, It is a hallucinogen, combined with an amphetamine. As a designer amphetamine, it has a similar mechanism, on top of increased blood pressure, blurry vision, sweating, nausea, and hyperthermia, while giving you increased feelings of euphoria and an overwhelming sense of well-being and connectedness.


Robin, Taizen says, Haha.
Robin, Taizen says, We should get through the material first, yes.
Robin, Taizen says, I promise you there is not much today.
Robin, Taizen --
"For those of you attending, we're going over opium today, a drug derived from the poppy plant, and used and abused for centuries. Opium is a commonly occurring drug in Shokoku Empire. Naturally occurring forms, called opiates, include the derivatives morphine and codeine. Semisynthetic derivatives designed by the Willis family include opioids, which include oxycodone and heroin. Compounds such as these bind to our opioid receptors in our peripheral and central nervous systems, creating senses of euphoria. Unfortunately, overdose leads to death, by suppressing respration."

"Heroin, or diacetylmorphine, is a substitute for morphine. However, once injected, the body rapidly metabolizes heroin to morphine. It is a widely abused opioid."

"Then there are hallucinogens, including drugs like LSD. Also known as lysergic acid diethylamide, LSD is in peyote, mescaline, ketamine, and psilocybin-containing muscles. It's a complex interaction with neurotransmitters, especially serotonin, creating distortions of our reality, and fantasy. It enhances our sensory expression, and gives us an increased body temperature, coupled to a dilation of our pupils."

"Marijuana, are the leaves and flowers of two plant species in Manila, known as sativa and indica. THC is the active chemical, exerting its effects by acting at cannabinoid receptors, glycine receptors, and so forth. THC inhibits GABA activity, and increases our pleasure-activity, in dopamine. Psychologically, it's a stimulant, depressant, and hallucinogen.

Then, there is drug addiction, related to our mesolimbic reward pathway. It is one of four dopaminergic pathways in our brain, including the nucleus accumbens, the ventral tegmental area, and the connection called the medial forebrain bundle. Its activation accounts for our positive reinforcement of substance use. Gambling and falling in love also fall in our drug abuse pathway."

"Keep these in mind when you're traveling to Manila and other places."
Robin, Taizen says, Specifically, what I would like you to take away from this class.
Robin, Taizen says, Is the fact that many drugs have negative side-effects, but not all of them were designed to have prescriptive medicinal purposes.
Robin, Taizen says, Rather, many of these are merely recreational.
Robin, Taizen says, The percentage of Non-Bearers using drugs is also statistically higher than Bearers.
Robin, Taizen says, Bearers tend to be much more drug-tolerant and resistant than non-Bearers are.
Robin, Taizen says, However, that doesn't mean Bearers are not a primary supplier of drugs, especially marijuana.
Chunhua Hyojun says, Ayaa...
Robin, Taizen says, In Manila, marijuana is a legal drug.
Robin, Taizen says, While it is illegal in all other nations.
Chunhua Hyojun scratches the side of his face, and raises an eyebrow.

Robin, Taizen says, Now, let's do some questions.
Robin, Taizen says, Which four drugs are known to increase GABA activity in our brains?
Yatogari, Izumo raised his hand.
Robin, Taizen says, Go ahead, Izumo.
Naoki Kashigawa scampers in to sit down at his table.
Yatogari, Izumo says, I only remember alcohol, actually..
Robin, Taizen says, Ah.
Robin, Taizen says, You don' remember any others?
Robin, Taizen says, Recall barbiturates and benzodiazepenes.
Jacare raises hand.
Robin, Taizen says, Jacare
Robin, Taizen says, Go ahead.
Naoki Kashigawa says, Apologies for being late. Other substances that alter consciousness, sir?
Jacare says, Weed too, right?
Robin, Taizen says, Indeed.
Robin, Taizen says, Weed as well.
Naoki Kashigawa raises his hand.
Yatogari, Izumo says, Weed inhibits it.
Robin, Taizen says, Which three drugs are known to increase doapmine, norepinephrine, and serotonin activity?
Yatogari, Izumo says, That's what was just said, ri--
Naoki Kashigawa raises his hand.
Robin, Taizen says, Naoki.
Yatogari, Izumo raised his hand, afterwards.
He wished himself luck.
Naoki Kashigawa says, Amphetemines of all kinds. Such as Tryptocain, Crystal Meth, and Cocaine.
Robin, Taizen says, Correct.
Robin, Taizen says, Izumo, a question?
Yatogari, Izumo says, No, no, I was going to aim to assist if he needed help.
Yatogari, Izumo says, Though, actually..
Yatogari, Izumo says, Marijuana inhibits GABA activity, you said.

Yatogari, Izumo says, Yep!
Yatogari, Izumo says, Thanks, sir.
Yatogari, Izumo says, And.. Pretty much any drug that results in decreased inhibition could be said to increase GABA activity?
Robin, Taizen says, Right.
Robin, Taizen says, Now, let's move on to attention.
Robin, Taizen --
"Attention refers to the concentration of an aspect of our sensory environment, also known as our sensorium. A straightforward definition, we will learn how to focus our attention much further, from stimuli to another. Such as seen in selective attention, which is when we filter between sensory stimuli and our processing system, we are able to focus on one part of the sensorium while ignoring other stimuli."

"Then, there is something we call a cocktail party phenomenon, which is a different interpretation of how our selective attention can be applied. It is evidence that selective attention is probably more of a filter that allows us to focus on one thing, while allowing other stimuli to be processed in the background. If it's significant or relevant to us, we become aware of it. This is how we can better achieve a greater understanding of how we can -focus- on nearby stimuli."
Robin, Taizen says, Then, there comes the item of divided attention.
Robin, Taizen says, An ability to perform multiple tasks at the same time.

Robin, Taizen says, It utilizes controlled or effortful processing for us to do new and complex tasks, but familiar or routine actions are performed with automatic processing, which permits the brain to focus on other tasks with divided attention. Automatic processing is not perfect though, not allowing for innovation, or rapid response to changes.
Robin, Taizen says, Now. Let's go quickly into some questions regarding attention.
Robin, Taizen says, What is controlled, or effortful processing, versus automatic processing?
Robin, Taizen says, And what is the function of our filter used in selective attention?
Chunhua Hyojun raises a hand.
Robin, Taizen says, Chunhua.
Yatogari, Izumo raised his hand.
Chunhua Hyojun says, Ah, well...I'm not sure if you went over this earlier...however...if I had to assume. Controlled or effortful processing is something you actively do, conciousely. To give, or to deny attention. Like when you ignore, for example...a rival trying to fluster you. While automatic processing is when you automatically tune someone out, or give attention. Such as..pehraps Alucard with non-seats?
Robin, Taizen says, Mmm..
Robin, Taizen says, This is more of a focus on daily life, rather than such a grand objective, like Alucard.
Robin, Taizen says, Izumo?
Yatogari, Izumo says, Effortful processing is something like learning how to write your name.
Yatogari, Izumo says, Eventually, it becomes so practices that it will fall under 'automatic processing'.
Yatogari, Izumo says, The same could be said for people who practice swinging their blade until it becomes a conditioned response.
Yatogari, Izumo says, Automatic processing is "I can do it, but I don't need to think about it".
Yatogari, Izumo says, The filter with selective attention is, simply, "what is important to me right now"?
Yatogari, Izumo says, Tunnel visioning, even.
Robin, Taizen says, Exactly.
Yatogari, Izumo says, Like how some could sit here and focus on just you lecturing.
Robin, Taizen says, That's the type of tunnel vision you don't want in combat, indeed.
Yatogari, Izumo says, For example, actually!
Yatogari, Izumo says, If other people were speaking, most would still only focus on what you're saying because -you're- 'what's important'.
Robin, Taizen says, Indeed.
Yatogari, Izumo says, But, the moment someone else speaks up to answer a question, they also become 'what's important'.
Chunhua Hyojun nods.
Robin, Taizen says, Your final is tomorrow, by the way.
Chunhua Hyojun says, ...Class is continuing, right?
Robin, Taizen says, Yes it is.
Robin, Taizen says, We're going into language.
Naoki Kashigawa says, Ah, so tommorow morning is- I see.
Robin, Taizen says, Language is fundamental to the creation of communities.
Robin, Taizen says, From Shokoku.
Robin, Taizen says, Teikoku.
Yatogari, Izumo says, Sounds good.
Robin, Taizen says, Arcadia.
Robin, Taizen says, Manila.
Robin, Taizen says, And so forth.
Robin, Taizen says, Five basic components of language exist.
Robin, Taizen says, Phonology.
Robin, Taizen says, Morphology.
Robin, Taizen says, Semantics.
Robin, Taizen says, Syntax.
Robin, Taizen says, And pragmatics.
Robin, Taizen says, Phonology refers to the actual sound of language.
Lorelei Loewe thinks, I remember when Taizen altered my mind to think in a language I could not comprehend.
Chunhua Hyojun thinks, The character for phone..
Robin, Taizen says, In Arcadian, there's about 40 phonemes, but they exist in other languages as well.
Chunhua Hyojun thinks, Is also in phonology.
Robin, Taizen says, Children learn to produce and recognize sounds of language, separating them from environmental noises and other human-created sounds. Children learn when subtle differences mean a change in emaning or not in sound, and the ability to do so is called categorical perception, an auditory example of constancy.
Okorafor Kheti continued to scribble notes into his journal.
Robin, Taizen says, Morphology refers to the structure of words.
Robin, Taizen says, Many words are composed of multiple building blocks that we call morphemes, connoting a particular meaning.
Robin, Taizen says, For example, redesigned.
Robin, Taizen says, Can be broken into three morphemes.
Robin, Taizen says, re-, indicating to do again.
Robin, Taizen says, design, the verb root.
Robin, Taizen says, And -ed, indicative of an action that we've done in the past.
Robin, Taizen says, Semantics refer to the association of meaning with a word, like a connotation.
Robin, Taizen says, A child learns that certain combinations of phonemes represent certain physical objects, and that word may refer to entire categories, such as 'women', while others refer to specific members of categories, such as 'mother'.
Robin, Taizen says, As young children develop, they may even call every woman 'mother', as they develop this skill.
Robin, Taizen says, Syntax refers to how words are put together to form a sentence.
Robin, Taizen says, Pragmatics, refer to the dependence of language on context and pre-existing knowledge.
Robin, Taizen says, Pragmatics are also affected by prosody.
Robin, Taizen says, Prosody is composed of the -rhythm-, the -cadence-, and the inflection- of our voices.
Okorafor Kheti continues writing in his journey while putting an annotation for his note:

-- Parroting based on expectation in early childhood. How long should last before marks delay in development?

It wasn't important for class, but later it could be perhaps for a paper.
Robin, Taizen says, Such as seen in Chuukan and Tenkan especially.
Yatogari, Izumo says, This sounds like it'll be rather useful to the Chuukan and Tenkan majors.
Chunhua Hyojun says, ...Mhm...like...would sarcasm be under such a concept?
Robin, Taizen says, Indeed.
Robin, Taizen says, To both of those statements.
Robin, Taizen says, Sarcasm is under pragmatics.
Robin, Taizen says, Now.
Robin, Taizen says, Let's look at the timeline of language acquisition.
Robin, Taizen says, From 9 to 12 months in age, children usually babble in communication.
Robin, Taizen says, From 12 to 18 months, they gain about a word a month, such as learning to say 'apple'.
Robin, Taizen says, At around 18 months, they gain the ability to explode with language, combining words.
Robin, Taizen says, From 2 to 3 years, they build up longer sentences.
Robin, Taizen says, And upon reaching the age of five, they've largely mastered Language.
Okorafor Kheti raised his hand.

Robin, Taizen says, Yes, Okorafor?
Chunhua Hyojun thinks,  Eighteen months is...a year and some change...I guess someone at that age can speak, even if...badly.
Okorafor Kheti says, How and why does magic apply to Language use in incantations?
Yatogari, Izumo raised his hand, as well.
Robin, Taizen says, That's a good question.
Robin, Taizen says, That comes with the power of word.
Yatogari, Izumo says, I was going to ask about that, actually.
Robin, Taizen says, The Power of Word is something we understand as the 'essence'-based inflection, or the magical cadence in which we naturally assign energy to our words.
Robin, Taizen says, This is a difficult concept to grasp.
Robin, Taizen says, And we go over it in Psychology deeply.
Robin, Taizen says, In fact, the Power of Word is something many researchers are still studying today.
Chunhua Hyojun decides to rais ea hand to ask another question.
Robin, Taizen says, But it is said that we apply our essence, or energy in the case of Bearers.
Robin, Taizen says, To -everything-.
Robin, Taizen says, You learn things in these classes.
Robin, Taizen says, But.
Robin, Taizen says, You will -apply- them subconsciously.
Robin, Taizen says, Exactly.
Robin, Taizen says, So when you learn physics.
Robin, Taizen says, Your energy adopts the concepts.
Robin, Taizen says, And it learns to be manipulated like so.
Robin, Taizen says, This is not what you'd expect.
Robin, Taizen says, You should think of your essence.
Robin, Taizen says, As a sentient being.
Naoki Kashigawa says, Hrm... Interestin'.
Robin, Taizen says, That's growing around you.
Robin, Taizen says, Naturally learning and picking up on things.
Robin, Taizen says, So even in your voice it's left behind.
Okorafor Kheti says, So...It's like how there are many spells for manipulating energy in Dark Mana.
Lorelei Loewe thinks, Essence...is crazy. It evolves endlessly.
Robin, Taizen says, Indeed.
Robin, Taizen says, So many ways to manipulate it.
Okorafor Kheti says, However, I was also able to invent a spell to bend Plants.
Robin, Taizen says, But you need to practice it.
Naoki Kashigawa says, Kinda like a symbiote that's a part of you, rather than purely defined by your own conscious will.
Robin, Taizen says, So that your essence or mana.
Robin, Taizen says, Understand what you want to do.
Robin, Taizen says, It's not so simple as to just imagine it.
Okorafor Kheti says, Or my spells that attack Schema of Witches.
Yatogari, Izumo says, Sou ka..
Robin, Taizen says, It's to understand HOW you will make your essence do something.
Robin, Taizen says, Basic things.
Robin, Taizen says, Such as movement.
Robin, Taizen says, We can just imagine it as going from Point A to Point B.
Robin, Taizen says, We know what it is like, moving.
Robin, Taizen says, So we can change how it feels in movement.
Lorelei Loewe says, ..Kind of like how I've managed to use essence to alter my psyche, Professor?
Robin, Taizen says, But -teleportation-.
Robin, Taizen says, Is different.
Robin, Taizen says, Teleportation requires point of references.
Robin, Taizen says, And a complete understanding of them.
Lorelei Loewe thinks, Ah.
Robin, Taizen says, For example.
Okorafor Kheti says, Is this also why with Curses...
Robin, Taizen says, The use of Flying Thunder God.
Okorafor Kheti says, I don't need to speak the language of a Victim.
Robin, Taizen says, Indeed.
Robin, Taizen says, They do not need to understand you.
Robin, Taizen says, But your essence.
Robin, Taizen says, Or your mana.
Robin, Taizen says, Must understand what you're trying to do.
Robin, Taizen says, Then it will wrap around the target.
Yatogari, Izumo says, So, what you're saying is..
Yatogari, Izumo says, If you can make someone unable to understand themselves, they can't even use their essence properly?
Okorafor Kheti says, ...
Robin, Taizen says, Correct.
Robin, Taizen says, If they cannot understand themselves, they cannot even use their essence properly.
Robin, Taizen says, especially not Power of Word.
Robin, Taizen says, For necromancers or priests.
Robin, Taizen says, My silencing of their voice.
Robin, Taizen says, Can destroy their entire battle plan.
Okorafor Kheti says, It's why when you meet a Necromancer who can curse without incantations...you're dealing with something dangerous.
Chunhua Hyojun says, Like Johnny's...Johnnyisms.
Adrian says, ...
Robin, Taizen says, Mm.
Robin, Taizen says, Indeed.
Robin, Taizen says, But that's not necessarily the case.
Robin, Taizen says, We know that curses with incantations are always the strongest.
Robin, Taizen says, They're the strongest incarnation of a curse.
Robin, Taizen says, I would be much more afraid.
Robin, Taizen says, Of a curse specialist who believes they have the time.
Robin, Taizen says, To use a curse against me.
Naoki Kashigawa says, Even if you -can- cast it without the incantation. It'll be stronger if you -do- use the incantation.
Robin, Taizen says, Than one who must expedite it and lose out on the Power of Word.
Okorafor Kheti says, I mean like Nekozuchi.
Okorafor Kheti says, Rather than someone like me.
Robin, Taizen says, Nekozuchi is able to channel curses through her staff.
Robin, Taizen says, She's different.
Robin, Taizen says, Furthermore, her Devil Egg.
Robin, Taizen says, Facilitates her curses.
Okorafor Kheti says, And my Valerios is the cheat code for me.
Naoki Kashigawa says, ... Further. I'd guess... if she took the time to chant.
Chunhua Hyojun says, Maybe it has to do with their god or demon lord...?
Naoki Kashigawa says, It'd be a lot scarier than anything we saw in class.
Chunhua Hyojun says, 'Translating' their words and intent...in some way, into the use of their mana.
Okorafor Kheti says, It's maybe the best Foci or Tome I've ever encountered, my Valerios.
Okorafor Kheti thinks, Taizen really designed this well...
Okorafor Kheti glanced at his glove.

"...Maybe the power of my Valerios is really about translation and communication..."
Robin, Taizen says, Now, let's continue the lesson.
Robin, Taizen says, Any last questions?
Yatogari, Izumo says, Could I speak with you after class?
Yatogari, Izumo says, I'd like to talk more about Power of Word, among other things.
Robin, Taizen says, Unfortunately after class, I have an errand to run.
Robin, Taizen says, I'd rather answer the question now.
Yatogari, Izumo thinks, Damn, he really is always busy.
Yatogari, Izumo says, I won't hold up class, then.
Robin, Taizen says, Very well.
Robin, Taizen says, We're almost done.
Robin, Taizen says, There are three theories you need to know.
Robin, Taizen says, The nativist theory.
Robin, Taizen says, The learning theory.
Robin, Taizen says, And the social interactionist theory.
Robin, Taizen says, The nativist theory is that children have an innate, biological ability to gain language knowledge, known as the LAD, or language acquisition device, a pathway in the brain that allows infants to process and absorb rules of language.
Robin, Taizen says, Nativists believe there's a critical period in which we gain language, between two years and puberty.
Robin, Taizen says, If no language exposure occurs, then later training is largely ineffective.
Robin, Taizen says, This was discovered by a man named Senzo, Shingo.
Robin, Taizen says, A graduate of our Dawn Academy.
Robin, Taizen says, Just two years ago, in a research study.
Robin, Taizen says, He discovered an unfortunately abused child.
Robin, Taizen says, And this child was unable to communicate in Tenkan.
Robin, Taizen says, Even with later language exposure, she was unable to master many of the skills that we would find simple, such as the aspects of syntax and so forth.
Robin, Taizen says, This indicated that there was a sensitive period for language development.
Robin, Taizen says, The learning theory explains language acquisition by operant conditioning.
Robin, Taizen says, Language acquisition is done by reinforcement. Parents and caregivers repeat and reinforce sounds that sound like the language, and the infant eventually gains value in the sounds that are constantly reinforced by parents and caregivers.
Chunhua Hyojun thinks, Which is why a lot of baby's first word is no..
Robin, Taizen says, Finally, there's social interactionist theory.
Robin, Taizen says, Which focuses on the interplay of social and biological processes.
Chunhua Hyojun thinks, Or, with how often my parents shouted at my sister, her name....
Robin, Taizen says, Language acquisition is driven by the child's desire to communicate with others, explaining the rle of brain development in the acquisition of language, reinforcing certain brain circuits as the child interacts with others; the brain will group sounds and meanings together as a result.
Robin, Taizen says, Now, keep in mind that the language we communicate in, can change the way we think about the world.
Robin, Taizen says, Two different areas of our brains are responsible for speech productino and language comprehension.
Robin, Taizen says, My ability changes Broca's area, as well as warps Wernicke's area.
Chunhua Hyojun raises a hand.
Robin, Taizen says, Both of them are responsible for the motor function of speech and the comprehension of language respectively, connected by an arcuate fasciculus.
Robin, Taizen says, Yes, Chunhua?
Chunhua Hyojun says, Broca...and Wernicke?
Chunhua Hyojun says, Ah-
Chunhua Hyojun says, My apologies, I didn't think you were going to go over them. Ha ha.
Robin, Taizen says, Mmm.
Yatogari, Izumo raised his hand.
Robin, Taizen says, Yes, Izumo?
Yatogari, Izumo says, What is an arcuate fsciculus?
Robin, Taizen says, The connection between the two.
Yatogari, Izumo says, But like..
Robin, Taizen says, It's a bundle of axons allowing the association between language comprehension and speech production.
Yatogari, Izumo says, Wha-- There we go.
Robin, Taizen says, This is also affected in my primary technique.
Robin, Taizen says, Which affects what language we think in.
Robin, Taizen says, While maintaining what language we comprehend.
Yatogari, Izumo says, Huh, interesting..
Okorafor Kheti says, If only I was a psychic like Adrian, I could use a lot more of this in combat...
Robin, Taizen says, ...Mmm?
Robin, Taizen says, A psychic?
Okorafor Kheti says, Adrian has some peculiar powers that reek of dark mana, but are wildly out of sorts of anything I'll ever be able to do.
Robin, Taizen says, Mm...
Robin, Taizen says, That only depends on what you ultimately become, Okorafor.
Robin, Taizen says, Now, let's continue.
Robin, Taizen says, We're almost done.
Robin, Taizen says, We're going to be going over aphasia.
Chunhua Hyojun says, I'd say his abilities are closer to simple..pushing, with a curse-like...ability....inetetwined-
Robin, Taizen says, A deficit of language production or comprehension.
Robin, Taizen says, When damage occurs to Broca's area, our speaking comprehension is in tact, but we'll have an absent ability to produce the language.
Robin, Taizen says, Known as expressive aphasia.
Okorafor Kheti thinks, He always says strange things like that...
Okorafor Kheti thinks, And I never know what Taizen means by it.
Robin, Taizen says, Wernicke's aphasia, known as receptive aphasia, is when motor production or fluency of speech is retained, but the comprehension of speech is lost.
Chunhua Hyojun thinks, So Broca's area is where our ability to speak a language comes from...
Robin, Taizen says, Finally, if the arcuate fasciculus is affected, conduction aphasia is affected. This prevents repeating of something that's been said before.
Chunhua Hyojun says, ...
Robin, Taizen says, Now, let's do some questions.
Chunhua Hyojun raises a hand.
Robin, Taizen says, Yes, Chunhua?
Chunhua Hyojun says, Aphasia...?
Chunhua Hyojun says, Or, I sohould say. Conduciton aphasia?
Robin, Taizen says, Conduction aphasia.
Robin, Taizen says, It's a type of aphasia where you cannot repeat anything that's been said in your presence.
Robin, Taizen says, It's very rare.
Chunhua Hyojun says, So if the connection between Wernick's aphasia...and Broca is damaged...you can't repeat -anything- that's been said?
Robin, Taizen says, Yes.
Robin, Taizen says, You cannot repeat someone else's sayings.
Robin, Taizen says, Or your own.
Robin, Taizen says, If I were to say aloud.
Robin, Taizen says, 'My name is Robin, Taizen'.
Robin, Taizen says, I would have difficulty replicating the sentence.
Robin, Taizen says, If my arcuate was damaged.
Robin, Taizen says, I might get some of the words.
Robin, Taizen says, But it'd be on the tip of my tongue.
Robin, Taizen says, Be very frustrating.
Robin, Taizen says, And annoying.
Chunhua Hyojun says, Even if you understand it....I imagine so.
Yatogari, Izumo says, That sounds.. Terrible.
Robin, Taizen says, Indeed.
Robin, Taizen says, Now, let us do some questions.
Robin, Taizen says, What is the primary motivation or trigger for language development.
Robin, Taizen says, For the nativist, learning, and social interactionist theories?
Yatogari, Izumo raised his hand.
Chunhua Hyojun raises a hand.
Jacare raises his hand.
Robin, Taizen says, Izumo.
Yatogari, Izumo says, The primary trigger is reinforcement, right?
Robin, Taizen says, For the Learning Theory.
Yatogari, Izumo says, Rather, ffor the nativist, it's believed there's a specific period of time in which we learn language.
Robin, Taizen says, For the nativist, yes, there's a critical period.
Yatogari, Izumo says, This period is between two years and puberty.
Robin, Taizen says, Yes.
Yatogari, Izumo says, Social interactionist believes that it's driven by the person's want to communicate with people.
Robin, Taizen says, Now what about social interactionist theory?
Robin, Taizen says, Good.
Robin, Taizen says, Excellent.
Robin, Taizen says, Class is dismissed.
Okorafor Kheti says, Hm.
Robin, Taizen says, Your final is tomorrow.
Robin, Taizen says, 1:00 PM.
Robin, Taizen says, It will last 1 hour exactly.
Chunhua Hyojun stands up, and looks at his phone almost as soon as he leaves the chair.
Okorafor Kheti says, And no Vadam anymore...
Okorafor Kheti says, So we pass by merit alone.
Chunhua Hyojun says, It's not like Vadam can...beam information into your head.
Chunhua Hyojun says, He just helps people study.
Okorafor Kheti says, Maybe I could but I wont know till B- rank and I aint been lc'd yet -omit-
Adrian says, Thank you for the lesson.
Yatogari, Izumo says, While you're here, actually, Taizen?
Okorafor Kheti says, Taizen.
Robin, Taizen says, Yes, Izumo?
Naoki Kashigawa says, Thank you for your time, Taizen-sensei.
Okorafor Kheti says, Do you wanna just give a quick lecture on what the Psychology Major will entail?
Okorafor Kheti says, Both during our tenure and after?
Yatogari, Izumo says, I'll need that too, so that's fine.
Okorafor Kheti says, I'm kind of conflicted between it and going Law.
Chunhua Hyojun says, Ah...sir. When you're free, can we do the curse removal...thing.