2014-09-12 Structure: test and passives

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Homework: p. 84 (modals for certainty review)
          p. 240 (exercise 1 about passive)
p. 84
A
1 must
2 might
3 might
4 couldn't
5 should
6 (shouldn't) ought not to
7 had to (their music means they were most likely at home)
8 's got to be (this is the only explanation I believe)
9 must have been (had to have been)
10 must
B
1 Jeremy may have had to work late.
2 Mary must have missed her flight.
3 They couldn't have heard the news.
4 We should know the answer soon.
5 You could have gotten a scholarship.
C
1 C - could she have
2 C - could/may/might/must
3 C - should/could (needs to be +)
4 A - could/might/may (needs to be +)
5 B - have
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https://books.google.com/ngrams/
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TEST:
2 could / might
3 must have / might have / could have
4 could have / might have / may have / (must have)
5 could have / might have / may have
6 should / ought to
7 has (got)
8 couldn't / must not
9 should / could / might / may / ought to / will / must
10 should have / ought to have
11 could have / might have / may have
12 may / might / will
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p. 240 exercise 1
2 was handed a note		c
3 was being hijacked		a/b/c
4 had all been photocopied	c
5 has been discovered		a
6 were found along with money	a
7 had to have been killed	a
8 has not been divulged		b
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Transitive = the verb has an object
Intransitive = the verb does not have an object
2 T - can be caught
3 I - disappear
4 I - go
5 T - is helped
6 T - are rewarded
7 I - don't realize
8 T - are watched
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ergative verbs: verbs that don't need to be passive when the focus is on the object, because they can be transitive or intransitive
I am boiling the water. (transitive)
The water is boiling.   (intransitive)
(I don't need to say, "The water is being boiled.")
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Homework: exercises 3 and 4 (p. 241-242)