z = int(raw_input())

while z:
    try:
        t = raw_input().split()
        n = int(t[0])
        suma = 0
        seg = t[1:]
        if len(t)==1:
            print "0"
        else:
            if n==1:
                suma = suma + int(seg[0])
            else:
                for x in seg:
                    suma = suma + int(x)
            suma = suma + (len(seg)-1)
        print suma
        z-=1

    except EOFError:
        break