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2016-11-17 TOEFL: ind writing, sentence insertion

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Nov 17th, 2016
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  1. Greg Malivuk
  2. [email protected]
  3. http://www.pastebin.com/u/gmalivuk - notes from all classes
  4. ---
  5. http://ed.ted.com/lessons/what-does-it-mean-to-be-a-refugee-benedetta-berti-and-evelien-borgman
  6. ---
  7. Read the three responses from yesterday. What’s good about them? What’s bad?
  8. Compare your thoughts with your partner. Using the rubric on p. 419 of your book, what score do you think each essay should earn? (Remember that half-point scores are possible.)
  9. ---
  10. Essay 1: “I agree with the statement”
  11. - Introduction is weak and shouldn’t begin with “I agree with the statement”. It should be self-contained and clear to someone who hasn’t read the prompt.
  12. - “The first reason” paragraph starts with information that probably should be in the introduction. Then that supporting paragraph could add a bit more detail about the reasons they couldn’t freely enjoy their lives (i.e. the fear of violence and death).
  13. - In the conclusion, don’t refer to “the statement”, just repeat or paraphrase it.
  14. score: 4
  15. ---
  16. Essay 2: “A lot of people think”
  17. - Thesis statement? What is the position relative to the statement in the prompt?
  18. - How much of it is about what people should do? (In the introduction, it should be more clearly tied to the prompt.)
  19. - Lots of small grammar mistakes, maybe enough to affect the score. “Instead” in the second paragraph is misplaced or incorrect. (My reading would be “instead of staying at home”, but then it doesn’t go on to talk about what they do instead of staying at home.)
  20. score: 3
  21. ---
  22. Essay 3: “Many people say”
  23. - There are grammar mistakes, but they’re small. “Most of us do not have to do hardworking.” should be “be hardworking” or “do hard work” or “work hard”.
  24. - “lured” in the second paragraph is the wrong word
  25. - Structure isn’t clear. It’s mostly about disappearing jobs, but this is never made into a real thesis statement.
  26. - Main problem is that the points in the essay do not really address the prompt. There isn’t much about whether they spend too much time on personal enjoyment.
  27. (Thesis seems to be that yes, people spend a lot more time on enjoyment than on work, but this isn’t a problem and is in fact inevitable with our technological society.)
  28. score: 2.5
  29. ---
  30. Make sure that you are directly and narrowly addressing the prompt. (By “narrowly” I mean you are focused specifically on that idea.)
  31. ---
  32. Types of reading questions:
  33. vocabulary (several per passage)
  34. fact (several per passage)
  35. negative fact (at least one per passage)
  36. purpose (usually one)
  37. reference (0-1 per passage)
  38. inference (usually one)
  39. paraphrase (always 1)
  40. sentence insertion (1, after the above question types)
  41. categorize (0-1, after sentence insertion)
  42. summarize (0-1, possibly instead of categorize)
  43. ---
  44. Sentence insertion - DELTA p. 123
  45. What order should these sentences be in? C A B
  46. A - The trunk’s inner core consists of vertically oriented cells that are closely packed together in parallel rows.
  47. B - Millions upon millions of such cells form the heartwood--the nonliving central pillar on which the living tree hoists itself skyward.
  48. C - The most distinguishing characteristic of a mature tree is its self-supporting woody spine, or trunk.
  49.  
  50.  
  51. Where in the paragraph could we put this sentence?
  52. All trees share certain growth characteristics that distinguish them from other members of the plant kingdom.
  53.  
  54.  
  55. (A) The most distinguishing characteristic of a mature tree is its self-supporting woody spine, or trunk. (B) The trunk’s inner core consists of vertically oriented cells that are closely packed together in parallel rows. (C) Millions upon millions of such cells form the heartwood--the nonliving central pillar on which the living tree hoists itself skyward. (D)
  56.  
  57.  
  58. A - This is a very general statement about trees as distinguished from other plants, so it should go before the more specific sentences about the trunk.
  59. ---
  60. DELTA p. 124-126 - clues for how to answer this type of question
  61. - Pronoun clues seem to be among the most common type of clue. In yesterday’s Gandhi reading, there was a sentence with “neither” as a pronoun, so you know it had to go after a sentence about exactly two things.
  62. ---
  63. BREAK
  64. ---
  65. DELTA p. 129-30 - Choose the correct places to insert the sentences in 1-6.
  66. 1 A (“Most of them” = kindergartners, and putting it anywhere else interrupts the flow of the other sentences; putting it in (A) gives detail to the topic sentence)
  67. 2 B (“They appear dry. However, the surface is wet to the touch.”)
  68. 3 C (“narrower” is in comparison with “broad”, so it comes after the sentence that talks about broad leaves; In general, comparatives without “than” are used only after the other thing being compared has already been mentioned.)
  69. 4 D (“This is due to” means the inserted sentence explains the reason or cause of the sentence before it. According to the paragraph, the flute has no reed, so the inserted sentence cannot be about the flute.)
  70. - Note that you should also be able to infer from “In contrast” that the oboe has a reed, because the flute’s sound is described as due to the fact that the flute has no reed.
  71. 5 C (“It is the only method available” means there’s a method described before the inserted sentence, and it’s the only method that can give a variety of colors in bamboo. Carbonizing is the only method or technique described in the paragraph which is related to color.)
  72. 6 D (It expands on the idea that “no one can find another trade to improve his situation”. Careful to correctly interpret “no one...without”. It means after that point, everyone who makes himself better off must make someone else worse off.)
  73. ---
  74. p. 131-132 - Do 7-10
  75. 7 C (“Researchers found” in that one study, and “White, yellow, and pink…” gives further details of the association between colors and pitch. The simple past of “found” means this is about one specific past time. It only makes sense after a specific past time was already mentioned.)
  76. - Organization: mention the study, general statement of results, specific details of results
  77. 8 A (“This irritation” refers to the inflammation mentioned in the first sentence, and the inserted sentence is a general overview of how the bronchial tubes might become inflamed, followed by more specific examples of viruses or bacteria)
  78. 9 D (“Courses” must come after some description of a school, narrowing the choices down to C or D. D makes more sence as it is a more specific description of the general statement in the sentence before, followed by specific examples.
  79. 10 B (This is another example of interdependency, so it makes sense following the “both physical...and…” sentence.)
  80. ---
  81. A is indpendent of B = A is not dependent on B = A does not depend on B
  82. ---
  83. Homework: p. 132-135 exercise 1.7.B
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