2017-01-07 Saturday: 7 Living space

Greg Malivuk
[email protected]
http://www.pastebin.com/u/gmalivuk
“2017-01-07 Saturday: 7 Living space”
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Homework: 5-6 test at https://goo.gl/UgsgXk - You can complete it and email it to me at [email protected]
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http://www.weather.gov/box/winter - Information about expected snow each time we have a winter storm here.
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p. 81 - Discuss parts 2 and 3 with your partner.
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Vocabulary: house/apartment features
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p. 82 part 1 - Which of these features is most important to have in your home? Which aren’t very important? What else must you have? (In addition to the basics: kitchen, bathroom, bedroom)
central heating / central air-conditioning = there is one machine for the whole house
A balcony has air under it, a terrace has another part of the house under it. (It’s on the roof of another room.)
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Look at the pictures of different types of houses. Would you live in any of them?
ger (from Mongolian)  = yurt (from Russian)
p. 83 part 4 - Listen to the woman talk about different types of living space. Complete the sentences with the correct words.
1 bad
2 more basic
3 shelter
4 brick or stone
5 house
6 your house
7 design
8 cities
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Grammar: comparatives and superlatives
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comparative = about two things, with -er on short adjectives, and with “more” or “less” on long adjectives and most adverbs (including all -ly adverbs)
(“short” = one syllable, or two if the last is -y or -le: pretty/prettier, simple/simpler)
- We can repeat the same comparative to show a change over time:
	Modern homes are getting smaller and smaller.
	Rent is becoming more and more expensive. (repeat only “more” for longer adjectives)
- We can use two comparatives to show how two qualities are related.
	The colder the climate, the warmer your house needs to be.
	= If you live in a colder climate than me, your house needs to be warmer than mine.
	The more, the merrier. = If there are more people, everyone is merrier (happier).
equative = use “as...as” to show that two things are or aren’t equal
	I am as tall as my father. = We are equal height.
	I am not as tall as my roommate. = My roommate is taller than I am.
superlative = about one thing among more than two, use “the” and -est or “most” or “least”
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p. 83 part 7 - With your partner, rewrite the sentences so they start with the words in bold and use the word in (parentheses).
1 Houses are less appropriate for local conditions (than traditional designs).
2 A cave house is not as small as you think.
3 An igloo is not as cold inside as you might think.
4 New houses are becoming more and more expensive.
5 My tent is the best in camp.
6 This house is the oldest. / the oldest one. / the oldest house.
7 A house on stilts survives more easily in floods. (“Easy” and “easier” are adjectives, but here we’re modifying “survives”, so we need an adverb.)
8 You can put up a ger more quickly than a brick house.
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BREAK
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What are some ways that Boston compares to New York City (NYC)?
Boston is colder than NYC.
Boston is cleaner than NYC.
Boston is not as big as NYC.
Boston is as beautiful as NYC.
NYC is more vibrant than Boston.
Boston is better to live in than NYC.
NYC is better to visit than Boston.
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What are some superlatives about Boston or NYC?
NYC is the biggest city in the US. (“big” and “small” mean population for cities, and area for countries or states)
NYC has (some of) the tallest building(s) in the US.
NYC is the most visited city in the US.
The Boston area has the most colleges and universities of any city in the US.
Boston is one of the oldest cities in the US.
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What do you think Manhattan Island looked like before New York City?
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Vocabulary: city characteristics
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p. 84 part 1 - With your partner, use the words in the box to complete the sentences, then use the remaining words to write additional sentences about Boston or New York.
1 atmosphere
2 public transportation (we also call this “mass” transit or transportation)
3 financial
4 modern
5 built up (there are buildings everywhere - “up” means “complete” in this case)
6 skyscrapers
7 residents (Notice that the pronunciation is the same as “residence”.)
8 neighborhoods
- Crime is a big problem in New York.
- In Boston there are a lot of open spaces.
- Boston is not as polluted as New York.
- Some areas are run-down.
- In NYC there is more traffic than in Boston.
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The words in many languages for skyscrapers are calques, meaning they were translated directly from English (so usually they mean “sky” and something like “scrape” or “scratch”).
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Grammar: “used to” and “would”
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From the top picture, what sentences with “used to” can we say about Manhattan?
Manhattan used to be a forest. = Now it is not a forest.
Manhattan used to be without buildings. / Manhattan didn’t use to have buildings.
(Now it is not without buildings. / Now it has buildings.)
Can you say sentences about yourself with “used to”?
I used to play with toys when I was a kid. = Now I don’t play with toys.
I used to wear summer clothes in Brazil. = Now I don’t wear summer clothes.
I didn’t use to speak English. = Now I speak English.
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used to = something that was true for a while in the past, but now it has changed
My grandparents used to live near here. = Now they don’t live near here.
My grandparents didn’t use to live near here. = Now they live near here.
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p. 85 part 9 - Change the sentences to have “used to” if it’s possible.
1 New York used to be a lot greener than it is now.
2 There used to be a lot of forest and natural landscapes.
  (The area used to have a lot of…)
3 Residents didn’t use to live in a large city. (Now residents live in a large city.)
  The early residents used to live in a small city. (Now the early residents don’t live in a small city.)
  (Early residents didn’t use to live in a large city. = Now early residents live in a large city.)
4 People used to hunt beavers for their skins.
5 American troops fought a battle here. (no change, because it happened once)
6 What originally used to be in the area where Fifth Avenue is now?
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I used to be happy when I was a child. = Now I’m not happy.
I used to be happier when I was a child. = Now I’m not as happy.
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We can also use “would” for past repeated actions (habits), especially when reminiscing about our own lives.
(reminisce = talk nostalgically about the past)
Every day after school I would walk home with my sister and then I would go play video games with my friend who lived down the street. He would usually beat me but it was still fun.
(“would” for past repeated actions doesn’t tell us any information about the present)
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p. 85 part 11 - Complete the sentences so they are true about your life (use “used to”, “would”, or the simple past). Then share with your partner.
3 Before I moved here, my family… (Because your family didn’t move here with you.)
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Grammar/vocabulary: “like” and “as”
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I cried as a baby. = I cried when I was a baby.
I cried like a baby. = I cried similarly to a baby (more recently).
She is dressed as a witch. = Her costume is a witch (e.g. for Halloween).
She is dressed like a witch. = Her clothes are black and she’s wearing a lot of jewelry, similar to a witch.

“like” and “such as” can both be used to give examples:
There are many good places to eat, such as ____ and ____.
There are many good places to eat, like ____ and ____.

“as” can sometimes mean “because”:
As it’s snowing, I’m going to take Uber home. = Because it’s snowing, I’m going to take Uber home.
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p. 89 part 6
1 As (or “Like”, if the speaker moved there recently but still takes pride in the community.)
2 like
3 as
4 like
5 Like
6 like
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My studio is as small as yours. = They are equally small.
My studio is small like yours. = They are similarly small (but maybe not exactly the same size).
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p. 89 part 2 - Read the article about Sandgate. Is the website for people who might want to visit Sandgate or people who might want to live there?
city-dweller = someone who lives in a city (“dwell” has a similar meaning to “reside”)
	dwelling = residence, dweller = resident
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Homework: Write a short article about the neighborhood where you live now, trying to promote it for people who might live there.
	Also: read about Amelia Earhart on p. 99 and do parts 2, 3, and 4 on p. 98