platform_conio.h

#pragma once
#ifndef __PLATFORM_CONIO_H
#define __PLATFORM_CONIO_H
/*
utility functions for the command-line console, usable in both Windows and Linux/Unix v20150415 http://pastebin.com/c0DQsNLQ
author: mvaganov@hotmail.com
license: MIT (http://opensource.org/licenses/MIT). TL;DR - this is free software, I won't fix it for you!
*/

/** move the cursor to the given location in the console */
void platform_move(long row, long col);
/** true (non-zero) if a key is pressed */
long platform_kbhit();
/** return what key is currently pressed as a character, or -1 if not pressed. PLATFORM_KEY_XXX special keys are different on windows/linux */
long platform_getchar();
/** set the color of the command line cursor. linux gets more colors than windows. ignore negative values (use current color) */
void platform_setColor(long foreground, long background);
/** converts the given 0-255 RGB value to an approximate in the command-line console */
int platform_getApproxColor(unsigned char r, unsigned char g, unsigned char b);
/** pause the thread for the given number of milliseconds */
void platform_sleep(long ms);
/** how many milliseconds since first use of this API */
long long platform_upTimeMS();
/** set the memory at the given rows/columns variable to the size (in rows and columns) of the console */
void platform_consoleSize(long & out_rows, long & out_columns);
/** wait for any key to be pressed (thread blocking call) */
inline void platform_waitForAnyKey() { while (!platform_kbhit()) { platform_sleep(1); } }
/** a blocking version of platform_getchar(), usable as replacement for _getch() in conio.h */
inline long platform_getch() { platform_waitForAnyKey(); return platform_getchar(); }

/*
// example console application using this library:
#include "platform_conio.h"
#include <string.h>         // for strlen

/// fills a rectangle in the console with the given character
void fillRect(int row, int col, int width, int height, char character)
{
  for(int y = row; y < row+height; y++) {
    platform_move(y, col);
    for(int x = col; x < col+width; x++) {
      putchar(character);
    }
  }
}

int main(int argc, char * argv[])
{
  int userInput;
  const int frameDelay = 100; // how many milliseconds for each frame of animation
  long long now, whenToStopWaiting; // timing variables

  // character animation \ - / | \ - / | \ - / | \ - / |
  const char * animation = "\\-/|";
  int numframes = strlen(animation);
  int frameIndex = 0;

  // color shifting for blinking messate
  int colors[] = { 8, 7, 15, 7 };
  int numColors = sizeof(colors) / sizeof(colors[0]);
  int colorIndex = 0;
  do {
    // animation
    platform_setColor(7, 0);
    platform_move(3, 10);
    putchar(animation[frameIndex++]);
    frameIndex %= numframes;

    // blinking message
    platform_move(3, 12);
    platform_setColor(colors[colorIndex++], 0);
    printf("Press \'a\' to continue ");
    colorIndex %= numColors;

    // wait the specified time, or until there is a keyboard hit (interruptable throttle code)
    now = platform_upTimeMS();
    whenToStopWaiting = now + frameDelay;
    while (platform_upTimeMS() < whenToStopWaiting && !platform_kbhit()) { platform_sleep(1); }

    userInput = platform_getchar(); // platform_getchar() returns -1 if no key is pressed
  } while (userInput != 'a');
  // prep to make the console look more usable after the program is done
  platform_setColor(-1, -1);    // reset colors to original
  fillRect(0, 0, 80, 10, ' ');  // clear the top 10 lines (80 columns per line)
  platform_move(0,0);           // move the cursor back to back to the start
  return 0;
}
*/

#include <stdio.h>      // printf and putchar

#ifdef _WIN32
// how to do console utility stuff for Windows

// escape sequence for arrow keys
#define PLATFORM_KEY_UP 18656 //'H\340'
#define PLATFORM_KEY_LEFT 19424 //'K\340'
#define PLATFORM_KEY_RIGHT 19936 //'M\340'
#define PLATFORM_KEY_DOWN 20704 //'P\340'
// used for the first 16 colors of platform_setColor
#define PLATFORM_COLOR_INTENSITY (1 << 3)
#define PLATFORM_COLOR_RED (1 << 2)
#define PLATFORM_COLOR_GREEN (1 << 1)
#define PLATFORM_COLOR_BLUE (1 << 0)

#ifndef NOMINMAX
#define NOMINMAX // keeps Windows from defining "min" and "max"
#endif
#include <windows.h>    // move cursor, change color, sleep
#include <conio.h>      // non-blocking input
#include <time.h>       // clock()

inline HANDLE * __stdOutputHandle() {
    static HANDLE g_h = 0;
    return &g_h;
}

/** keep track of the old terminal settings */
inline WORD * __oldAttributes() {
    static WORD oldAttributes;
    return &oldAttributes;
}

inline void __platform_release() {
    if (*__stdOutputHandle() != 0) {
        platform_setColor(*__oldAttributes() & 0xf, *__oldAttributes() & 0xf0);
        *__stdOutputHandle() = 0;
    }
}

inline void __platform_init() {
    if (*__stdOutputHandle() == 0) {
        *__stdOutputHandle() = GetStdHandle(STD_OUTPUT_HANDLE);
        CONSOLE_SCREEN_BUFFER_INFO lpConsoleScreenBufferInfo;
        GetConsoleScreenBufferInfo(*__stdOutputHandle(), &lpConsoleScreenBufferInfo);
        *__oldAttributes() = lpConsoleScreenBufferInfo.wAttributes;
        atexit(__platform_release);
    }
}

inline void platform_move(long row, long col) {
    if (col < 0) col = 0;
    if (row < 0) row = 0;
    COORD p = { (short)col, (short)row };
    __platform_init();
    SetConsoleCursorPosition(*__stdOutputHandle(), p);
}

inline long platform_kbhit() {
    __platform_init();
    return _kbhit() != 0;
}

inline long platform_getchar() {
    long input;
    if (!platform_kbhit()) return -1;
    input = _getch();
    switch ((char)input){
    case '\0': case '\340':
        if (_kbhit()) {
            long nextByte = _getch();
            input |= (nextByte & 0xff) << 8;
        }
    }
    return input;
}

inline void platform_setColor(long foreground, long background) {
    __platform_init();
    if (foreground < 0){ foreground = (*__oldAttributes()) & 0xf; }
    if (background < 0){ background = (*__oldAttributes() & 0xf0) >> 4; }
    SetConsoleTextAttribute(*__stdOutputHandle(), (foreground & 0xf) | ((background & 0xf) << 4));
}

// TODO better algorithm needed here.
inline int platform_getApproxColor(unsigned char r, unsigned char g, unsigned char b) {
    int finalColor = 0;
    for (int threshhold = 160; threshhold > 32; threshhold -= 32) {
        if (finalColor == 0) {
            if (r >= threshhold) finalColor |= FOREGROUND_RED;
            if (g >= threshhold) finalColor |= FOREGROUND_GREEN;
            if (b >= threshhold) finalColor |= FOREGROUND_BLUE;
            if (finalColor != 0 && threshhold > 128) finalColor |= FOREGROUND_INTENSITY;
        }
        if (finalColor != 0) break;
    }
    return finalColor;
}

inline void platform_sleep(long ms) {
    Sleep(ms);
}

inline long long platform_upTimeMS() {
    return clock();
}

inline void platform_consoleSize(long & out_rows, long & out_columns) {
    CONSOLE_SCREEN_BUFFER_INFO csbi;
    GetConsoleScreenBufferInfo(GetStdHandle(STD_OUTPUT_HANDLE), &csbi);
    out_columns = csbi.srWindow.Right - csbi.srWindow.Left + 1;
    out_rows = csbi.srWindow.Bottom - csbi.srWindow.Top + 1;
}

#else // #ifdef _WIN32
// how to do console utility stuff for *NIX

// escape sequence for arrow keys
#define PLATFORM_KEY_UP 4283163 //'A[\033'
#define PLATFORM_KEY_DOWN 4348699 //'B[\033'
#define PLATFORM_KEY_RIGHT 4414235 //'C[\033'
#define PLATFORM_KEY_LEFT 4479771 //'D[\033'
// used for the first 16 colors of platform_setColor
#define PLATFORM_COLOR_RED (1 << 0)
#define PLATFORM_COLOR_GREEN (1 << 1)
#define PLATFORM_COLOR_BLUE (1 << 2)
#define PLATFORM_COLOR_INTENSITY (1 << 3)

#include <unistd.h>     // sleep
#include <sys/select.h> // select, fd_set (for raw, low-level access to input)
#include <sys/time.h>   // for wall-clock timer (as opposed to clock cycle timer)
#include <sys/ioctl.h>  // for ioctl, which can get the console size
#include <termios.h>    // standard terminal i/o stuff
#include <stdlib.h>     // atexit (calls code to clean up when the program exits)

// using ANSI TTY console features to control color and cursor position by default.
// http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ANSI_escape_code#graphics

/** keep track of the old terminal settings */
inline termios * __oldTerminalIOSettings() {
    static termios oldTerminalIOSettings;
    return &oldTerminalIOSettings;
}

inline long * __initialized() {
    static long initted = 0;
    return &initted;
}

/** Linux keeps track of time this way. clock() returns CPU cycles, not time. */
inline timeval * __g_startTime() {
    static timeval g_startTime = { 0, 0 };
    return &g_startTime;
}

/** input check during kbhit */
inline fd_set * __g_fds() {
    static fd_set g_fds;
    return &g_fds;
}

inline void __platform_release() {
    if (*__initialized() != 0) {
        platform_setColor(-1, -1); // set to not-intense-white
        *__initialized() = 0;
    }
}

inline void __platform__init() {
    if (*__initialized() == 0) {
        *__initialized() = 1;
        FD_ZERO(__g_fds()); // initialize the struct that checks for input
        gettimeofday(__g_startTime(), NULL);    // start the timer
        atexit(__platform_release);
    }
}

inline void __platform_doConsoleInputMode() {
    __platform__init();
    // make getch read right at the key press, without echoing
    tcgetattr(STDIN_FILENO, __oldTerminalIOSettings());
    termios currentTerminalIOSettings = *__oldTerminalIOSettings();
    currentTerminalIOSettings.c_lflag &= ~(ICANON | ECHO);  // don't wait for enter, don't print
    tcsetattr(STDIN_FILENO, TCSANOW, &currentTerminalIOSettings);
}

inline void __platform_undoConsoleInputMode() {
    tcsetattr(STDIN_FILENO, TCSANOW, __oldTerminalIOSettings());
}

/** checks if there is input in the keyboard buffer --requires __platform_doConsoleInputMode() */
inline long __platform_kbhitCheck() {
    static timeval g_tv_zero = { 0, 0 };
    long result;
    // check the hardware input stream if there is data waiting
    FD_SET(STDIN_FILENO, __g_fds());
    result = select(STDIN_FILENO + 1, __g_fds(), NULL, NULL, &g_tv_zero);
    // specifically, check for data to be read
    return result && (FD_ISSET(0, __g_fds()));
}

inline long platform_kbhit() {
    long result;
    __platform_doConsoleInputMode();
    result = __platform_kbhitCheck();
    __platform_undoConsoleInputMode();
    return result;
}

inline long platform_getchar() {
    long buffer = -1;
    __platform_doConsoleInputMode(); // go into single-character-not-printed mode
    if (__platform_kbhitCheck()) {
        buffer = 0;
        read(STDIN_FILENO, (char *)&buffer, 1); // read only one byte
        switch (buffer) {
        case '\033': // if it is an escape sequence, read some more...
            read(STDIN_FILENO, ((char *)&buffer) + 1, 1);
            switch (((char *)&buffer)[1]) {
            case '[': // possibly arrow keys
                read(STDIN_FILENO, ((char *)&buffer) + 2, 1);
                break;
            }
            break;
        }
    }
    __platform_undoConsoleInputMode(); // revert to regular input mode, so scanf/std::cin will work
    return buffer;
}

inline void platform_move(long row, long col) {
    if (col < 0) col = 0;
    if (row < 0) row = 0;
    __platform__init();
    fflush(stdout);
    printf("\033[%d;%df", (int)row + 1, (int)col + 1);  // move cursor, using TTY codes (without ncurses)
    fflush(stdout);
}

inline void platform_setColor(long foreground, long background) {
    static int cached_bg = -1, cached_fg = -1;
    __platform__init();
    // don't bother running the TTY commands if no actual change needs to happen.
    if(foreground == cached_fg && background == cached_bg) { return; } cached_fg = foreground; cached_bg = background;
    fflush(stdout);
    // colorRGB and colorGRAY usable for TTY (unix/linux) expanded console color
    if (foreground >= 0)
        printf("\033[38;5;%dm", (int)foreground);
    else
        printf("\033[39m");// default foreground color
    if (background >= 0)
        printf("\033[48;5;%dm", (int)background);
    else
        printf("\033[49m");// default background color
    fflush(stdout);
}

inline void platform_sleep(long a_ms) {
    //  long seconds = a_ms / 1000;
    __platform__init();
    //  a_ms -= seconds * 1000;
    //  timespec time = { seconds, a_ms * 1000000 }; // 1 millisecond = 1,000,000 Nanoseconds
    //  nanosleep(&time, NULL);
    usleep((useconds_t)(a_ms * 1000));
}

inline long long platform_upTimeMS() {
    static timeval now;
    static time_t seconds, useconds, ms;
    __platform__init();
    gettimeofday(&now, NULL);
    seconds = now.tv_sec - __g_startTime()->tv_sec;
    useconds = now.tv_usec - __g_startTime()->tv_usec;
    ms = seconds * 1000 + useconds / 1000;
    return ms;
}

inline void platform_consoleSize(long & out_rows, long & out_columns) {
    struct winsize w;
    ioctl(STDOUT_FILENO, TIOCGWINSZ, &w);
    out_columns = w.ws_col;
    out_rows = w.ws_row;
}

/**
* pass to setColor function. Only works in linux/unix TTY
* @param R, G, B values must be between 0 and 5 (inclusive)
*/
inline int PLATFORM_COLOR_RGB8bit(int R, int G, int B){ return (16 + (B + (G * 6) + (R * 36))); }

inline int platform_getApproxColor(unsigned char r, unsigned char g, unsigned char b) {
    int finalColor = 0;
    if(r == g && g == b) {
        int gray = (r/255.0)*23;
        finalColor = (232+gray);
    } else {
        int R = (int)((r/255.0)*5);
        int G = (int)((g/255.0)*5);
        int B = (int)((b/255.0)*5);
        finalColor = (16+(B+(G*6)+(R*36)));
    }
    return finalColor;
}

/**
* pass to setColor function. Only works in linux/unix
* @param gray must be between 0 and 23 (inclusive)
*/
inline int PLATFORM_COLOR_GRAYSCALE24(int gray){ return (232 + gray); }
#endif // #ifdef _WIN32 #else

#endif // __PLATFORM_CONIO_H