2017-11-15 Grammar: parallel structure

Greg Malivuk
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http://www.pastebin.com/u/gmalivuk - notes from all classes
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p. 189 exercise 3 - Use the information about Bambang (from yesterday) and Canada and the US (from today) to complete these sentences with correct information.
1 In addition to missing his family, Bambang often feels homesick.
2 In spite of sometimes still missing his family, he enjoyed the independence from his parents.
3 Before he talked to his advisor about culture shock, he was depressed and homesick.
4 Bambang now understands… Because of this, he keeps himself busy and talkes about his culture shock with his friends.
5 Bambang sometimes does poorly on tests even though he studies.
6 Bambang sometimes does poorly on tests, in spite of studying.
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Homework: finish exercise 3
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7 Canada has an official policy of bilingualism. The United States, however, has a movement to make English the only official language.
8 Canada has an official policy of bilingualism. Consequently, all students study both languages in aschool and all government activities are conducted in both languages.
9 As a result of Canada’s official policy of bilingualism, all students study both languages in aschool and all government activities are conducted in both languages.
10 Canada’s French-speaking minority is concentrated in a particular part of the country. Consequently, French speakers are the majority in that part of Canada.
/ Consequently, Canada has different language policy than the US, where Spanish speakers aren’t concentrated in any particular area.
11 Canada’s French-speaking minority is concentrated in a particular part of the country. Nevertheless, students in every part of the country study French in school.
12 Since all government business is conducted in both languages,
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French speakers are concentrated in one area. On the other hand, Spanish speakers are spread all over.
(“on the other hand” and “however” can simply introduce something that’s different from the last sentence)
French speakers are concentrated in one area. Nevertheless, students everywhere study it.
	(“nevertheless” works like “in spite” and “even though” to introduce something that is unexpected based on the last sentence)
This is the “contrast” / “concession” difference on p. 185
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Because of the rain, I stayed inside during lunch. (This is the normal consequence we expect.)
It was raining. As a result, I stayed inside during lunch. (Same, with a sentence connector.)
In spite of the rain, I took a walk during lunch. (This is differrent from the expected consequence.)
It was raining. Nevertheless, I took a walk during lunch. (Same, with a sentence connector.)
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Remember:
sentence connectors go in a new sentence to connect it to the last sentence
subordinating conjunctions go before a dependent clause or phrase and connect it to the main clause (these give information about the time, reason, or condition of the main clause)
coordinating conjunctions connect parallel structures with the same importance in a sentence (they can connect clauses, noun phrases, verb phrases, adjectives, prepositional phrases, etc.)
	(FANBOYS: for, and, nor, but, or, yet, so)
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Parallel Structure: especially for “and” and “or”, it’s important to remember that the things you connect need to have the same grammatical form or structure
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Handout (Grassroots Writing) p. 29 - With your partner, decide which word or phrase in each group is NOT parallel.
1 boat rides -> boating
2 They are digging for clams. -> They dig for clams.
3 his eyes -> inside his eyes
4 painting pictures -> (paintings / painted pictures / paints)
5 sadly -> sadness
6 into the Rolls Royce -> driven in a Rolls Royce
7 strong -> strength
8 fly
9 eating meat pies
10 in the fall
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Homework: p. 30 part B - Fix the sentences in 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 to be parallel.